Western diet(rich in highly refined sugar and fat)can induce a range of metabolic dysfunctions in animals and humans,including neuroinflammation and cognitive function decline.Neuroinflammation and cognitive impairmen...Western diet(rich in highly refined sugar and fat)can induce a range of metabolic dysfunctions in animals and humans,including neuroinflammation and cognitive function decline.Neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment,two critical pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease,have been closely associated with microbial alteration via the gut-brain axis.Thus,the present study aimed to investigate the influence of 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid(AA-2βG)isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum on preventing the high-fructose diet(HFrD)induced neuroinflammation in mice.It was found that AA-2βG prevented HFr D-induced cognitive deficits.AA-2βG also predominantly enhanced the gut barrier integrity,decreased lipopolysaccharide entry into the circulation,which subsequently countered the activation of glial cells and neuroinflammatory response.These beneficial effects were transmissible by horizontal fecal microbiome transplantation,transferring from AA-2βG fed mice to HFr D fed mice.Additionally,AA-2βG exerted neuroprotective effects involving the enrichment of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia,potentially beneficial intestinal bacteria.The present study provided the evidence that AA-2βG could improve indices of cognition and neuroinflammmation via modulating gut dybiosis and preventing leaky gut.As a potential functional food ingredient,AA-2βG may be applied to attenuate neuroinflammation associated with Western-style diets.展开更多
Polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea(FBTPS),one of most important bioactive components in tea,showed various health-promoting functions.Our previous work demonstrated that the crude FBTPS(CFBTPS)could modulate the g...Polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea(FBTPS),one of most important bioactive components in tea,showed various health-promoting functions.Our previous work demonstrated that the crude FBTPS(CFBTPS)could modulate the gut microbiota.However,which purified fraction in CFBTPS contributing to the modulation of gut microbiota remains unclear.Thus,the fermentation characteristics and probiotic activity of a purified fraction(FBTPS-2-1)of CFBTPS were evaluated in this work.The results showed that gut microbiota could utilize FBTPS-2-1 to produce short-chain fatty acids including acetic,propionic,n-butyric and n-valeric acids.FBTPS-2-1 could modulate the structure and metabolic pathways of gut microbiota.FBTPS-2-1 could increase the health-promoting gut microbiota such as Prevotellaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae,and decreased the harmful bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacteriaceae.The results of metagenomics showed that Prevotella copri and Megamonas funiformis were the dominant bacteria after fermentation of FBTPS-2-1.Furthermore,FBTPS-2-1 could regulate the biosynthesis and metabolism pathways of gut microbiota.Thus,the enrichment of food with FBTPS-2-1 is expected as a potential strategy for promoting human health due to modulation of gut microbiota.展开更多
Theasinensin A(TSA),a dimer of epigallocatechin gallate,has been preliminarily demonstrated to have hypoglycemia and anti-inflammatory effects.However,little information is available on its potential mechanisms of ant...Theasinensin A(TSA),a dimer of epigallocatechin gallate,has been preliminarily demonstrated to have hypoglycemia and anti-inflammatory effects.However,little information is available on its potential mechanisms of anti-diabetes.Therefore,the present study aimed to investigate the influence of TSA on glucose and lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.As result,TSA improved polydipsia,polyphagia and impaired glucose tolerance of diabetic mice,declined the fasting blood glucose and hepatic triglyceride level,and enhanced the expression at mRNA level of insulin receptor substrate,phosphoinositide 3-kinase,protein kinase B and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor(GLP-1R)in the diabetic liver.Moreover,TSA could restore the disorder of gut microbiota of diabetic mice.High-dose(100 mg/kg)TSA showed better benefi cial effects from the blood biochemical parameters,hepatic function and gut microbiota.In general,high-dose TSA significantly modulated gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of Akkermansia and decreasing the relative abundances of Acetatifactor,Anaerotruncus,Pseudofl avonifactor,Oscillibacter and Clostridium clusters.The results indicated that TSA could exert an anti-diabetes effect in diabetic mice through restoring glucose homeostasis,declining hepatic steatosis,activating insulin and GLP-1 signaling pathways,and ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis.展开更多
β-Carotene,a typical non-oxygenated carotenoid,is the most efficient source of retinol(VA).The low bio-availability ofβ-carotene lead to large accumulation in colon;however,the relationship betweenβ-carotene and gu...β-Carotene,a typical non-oxygenated carotenoid,is the most efficient source of retinol(VA).The low bio-availability ofβ-carotene lead to large accumulation in colon;however,the relationship betweenβ-carotene and gut microflora remains unclear.This study intends to explore the interaction betweenβ-carotene and gut microflora using an in vitro fermentation model.After 24 h fermentation,the degradation rate ofβ-carotene was(64.28±6.23)%,which was 1.46 times that of the group without gut microflora.Meanwhile,the production of VA was nearly 2 times that of the group without gut microflora,indicating that the gut microflora can metabolizeβ-carotene into VA.β-Carotene also influences the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),the production of total SCFAs in 0.5 mg/mLβ-carotene(BCM)group was(44.00±1.16)mmol/L,which was 2.26 times that of the blank control(BLK)group.Among them,the production of acetic acid in BCM group was(19.06±0.82)mmol/L,which was 2.64 time that of the BLK group.Furthermore,β-carotene significantly affected the structure and composition of gut microflora,increasing the abundance of Roseburia,Parasutterella and Lachnospiraceae,and decreasing the abundance of Dialister,Collinsella and Enterobacter(P<0.05).This study provides a new way to understand howβ-carotene works in human body with gut microflora.展开更多
Amyloid is the term usually used to describe a particular type of elongated,unbranched protein fibril with cross-β-sheet characteristics,formed through the ordered aggregation of peptides or denatured proteins.Amyloi...Amyloid is the term usually used to describe a particular type of elongated,unbranched protein fibril with cross-β-sheet characteristics,formed through the ordered aggregation of peptides or denatured proteins.Amyloids show high association with many severe neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's,Parkinson's,and Huntington's diseases.Unfortunately,there are still no effective medical treatments to cure these neurodegenerative diseases,including the failure of pharmaceutical approaches with amyloids as the targets.Polyphenols,the major phytochemicals in fruits,vegetables,tea and coffee have many beneficial functional properties,such as antioxidant,antimicrobial and anticancer properties.Polyphenols can interact with proteins through non-covalent interactions,including hydrophobic interaction,hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction.Polyphenols can also covalently interact with proteins mainly via the interaction between quinones,the oxidized products of polyphenols,and the nucleophilic residues(thiol,amino,guanidine,or imidazole)in protein side chains or peptides.Evidence from previous studies have indicated that polyphenols could reduce amyloid-formation via inhibiting fibril aggregation or steering oligomer formation into unstructured,nontoxic pathways.This effect was realized mainly through:(1)preventing conformational changes of precursor native proteins into amyloidogenic forms,(2)inhibiting the conversion of amyloidogenic precursors to amyloid fibrils,or(3)disrupting preformed fibrils meanwhile destructing the aggregation conditions.These findings imply that polyphenols could play a vital role in inhibiting protein misfolding,which might be useful for the prevention of various neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Sialylated immunoglobulin G(IgG)is a kind of glycoproteins in breast milk with the property of anti-inflammation.Our previous work showed that sialylated IgG could significantly promote the growth of Bifidobacterium i...Sialylated immunoglobulin G(IgG)is a kind of glycoproteins in breast milk with the property of anti-inflammation.Our previous work showed that sialylated IgG could significantly promote the growth of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota of healthy volunteers.Nevertheless,whether sialylated IgG can benefit patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)as prebiotics remains unclear.Therefore,its prebiotic effect on the gut microbiota of IBD patients was investigated by in vitro fermentation in this study.The results showed that sialylated IgG could significantly enhance the diversity,richness and composition of gut microbiota in IBD samples compared with non-sialylated IgG.In detail,sialylated IgG not only improved the growth of three common genera(Romboutsia,Prevotella and Akkermansia)with low relative abundance in IBD samples but also increased the genera(Bifidobacterium,Actinomyces,Atopobium and Citrobacter)with low relative abundance both in healthy and IBD fecal samples.Correspondingly,the contents of short-chain fatty acids for fermentation group of fecal sample from IBD patients with sialylated IgG as the carbon source were higher than those for fermentation group of fecal sample from IBD patients with non-sialylated IgG as the carbon source.In addition,the metabolic pathway results confirmed that sialylated IgG upregulated the functional genes related to hydrolysis,absorption and utilization of carbohydrates.The transcriptome sequencing results further showed that sialylated IgG could induce particular gene expression of Bifidobacterium bifidum to modulate the gut microbiota of IBD patients.Thus,as a kind of natural dietary component,sialylated IgG has potential applications in treating IBD.展开更多
基金the financial support from the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China(2021BEF02008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272330)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘Western diet(rich in highly refined sugar and fat)can induce a range of metabolic dysfunctions in animals and humans,including neuroinflammation and cognitive function decline.Neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment,two critical pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease,have been closely associated with microbial alteration via the gut-brain axis.Thus,the present study aimed to investigate the influence of 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid(AA-2βG)isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum on preventing the high-fructose diet(HFrD)induced neuroinflammation in mice.It was found that AA-2βG prevented HFr D-induced cognitive deficits.AA-2βG also predominantly enhanced the gut barrier integrity,decreased lipopolysaccharide entry into the circulation,which subsequently countered the activation of glial cells and neuroinflammatory response.These beneficial effects were transmissible by horizontal fecal microbiome transplantation,transferring from AA-2βG fed mice to HFr D fed mice.Additionally,AA-2βG exerted neuroprotective effects involving the enrichment of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia,potentially beneficial intestinal bacteria.The present study provided the evidence that AA-2βG could improve indices of cognition and neuroinflammmation via modulating gut dybiosis and preventing leaky gut.As a potential functional food ingredient,AA-2βG may be applied to attenuate neuroinflammation associated with Western-style diets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32001645 and No.31972025)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1604404)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KJQN202154)。
文摘Polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea(FBTPS),one of most important bioactive components in tea,showed various health-promoting functions.Our previous work demonstrated that the crude FBTPS(CFBTPS)could modulate the gut microbiota.However,which purified fraction in CFBTPS contributing to the modulation of gut microbiota remains unclear.Thus,the fermentation characteristics and probiotic activity of a purified fraction(FBTPS-2-1)of CFBTPS were evaluated in this work.The results showed that gut microbiota could utilize FBTPS-2-1 to produce short-chain fatty acids including acetic,propionic,n-butyric and n-valeric acids.FBTPS-2-1 could modulate the structure and metabolic pathways of gut microbiota.FBTPS-2-1 could increase the health-promoting gut microbiota such as Prevotellaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae,and decreased the harmful bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacteriaceae.The results of metagenomics showed that Prevotella copri and Megamonas funiformis were the dominant bacteria after fermentation of FBTPS-2-1.Furthermore,FBTPS-2-1 could regulate the biosynthesis and metabolism pathways of gut microbiota.Thus,the enrichment of food with FBTPS-2-1 is expected as a potential strategy for promoting human health due to modulation of gut microbiota.
基金supported by the Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2020341)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Theasinensin A(TSA),a dimer of epigallocatechin gallate,has been preliminarily demonstrated to have hypoglycemia and anti-inflammatory effects.However,little information is available on its potential mechanisms of anti-diabetes.Therefore,the present study aimed to investigate the influence of TSA on glucose and lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.As result,TSA improved polydipsia,polyphagia and impaired glucose tolerance of diabetic mice,declined the fasting blood glucose and hepatic triglyceride level,and enhanced the expression at mRNA level of insulin receptor substrate,phosphoinositide 3-kinase,protein kinase B and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor(GLP-1R)in the diabetic liver.Moreover,TSA could restore the disorder of gut microbiota of diabetic mice.High-dose(100 mg/kg)TSA showed better benefi cial effects from the blood biochemical parameters,hepatic function and gut microbiota.In general,high-dose TSA significantly modulated gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of Akkermansia and decreasing the relative abundances of Acetatifactor,Anaerotruncus,Pseudofl avonifactor,Oscillibacter and Clostridium clusters.The results indicated that TSA could exert an anti-diabetes effect in diabetic mice through restoring glucose homeostasis,declining hepatic steatosis,activating insulin and GLP-1 signaling pathways,and ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis.
基金supported by the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801541)the Independent Innovation Fund Project of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province(CX(20)3045)Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation project of Taizhou(SCG 202105).
文摘β-Carotene,a typical non-oxygenated carotenoid,is the most efficient source of retinol(VA).The low bio-availability ofβ-carotene lead to large accumulation in colon;however,the relationship betweenβ-carotene and gut microflora remains unclear.This study intends to explore the interaction betweenβ-carotene and gut microflora using an in vitro fermentation model.After 24 h fermentation,the degradation rate ofβ-carotene was(64.28±6.23)%,which was 1.46 times that of the group without gut microflora.Meanwhile,the production of VA was nearly 2 times that of the group without gut microflora,indicating that the gut microflora can metabolizeβ-carotene into VA.β-Carotene also influences the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),the production of total SCFAs in 0.5 mg/mLβ-carotene(BCM)group was(44.00±1.16)mmol/L,which was 2.26 times that of the blank control(BLK)group.Among them,the production of acetic acid in BCM group was(19.06±0.82)mmol/L,which was 2.64 time that of the BLK group.Furthermore,β-carotene significantly affected the structure and composition of gut microflora,increasing the abundance of Roseburia,Parasutterella and Lachnospiraceae,and decreasing the abundance of Dialister,Collinsella and Enterobacter(P<0.05).This study provides a new way to understand howβ-carotene works in human body with gut microflora.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31901760,No.31871843)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province—Distinguished Youth Foundation (BK20200022)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province—Youth Foundation (BK20190530)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund (CX (21)3040)Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project (NZ2021034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (KJJQ202102,KYDZ201903)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Amyloid is the term usually used to describe a particular type of elongated,unbranched protein fibril with cross-β-sheet characteristics,formed through the ordered aggregation of peptides or denatured proteins.Amyloids show high association with many severe neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's,Parkinson's,and Huntington's diseases.Unfortunately,there are still no effective medical treatments to cure these neurodegenerative diseases,including the failure of pharmaceutical approaches with amyloids as the targets.Polyphenols,the major phytochemicals in fruits,vegetables,tea and coffee have many beneficial functional properties,such as antioxidant,antimicrobial and anticancer properties.Polyphenols can interact with proteins through non-covalent interactions,including hydrophobic interaction,hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction.Polyphenols can also covalently interact with proteins mainly via the interaction between quinones,the oxidized products of polyphenols,and the nucleophilic residues(thiol,amino,guanidine,or imidazole)in protein side chains or peptides.Evidence from previous studies have indicated that polyphenols could reduce amyloid-formation via inhibiting fibril aggregation or steering oligomer formation into unstructured,nontoxic pathways.This effect was realized mainly through:(1)preventing conformational changes of precursor native proteins into amyloidogenic forms,(2)inhibiting the conversion of amyloidogenic precursors to amyloid fibrils,or(3)disrupting preformed fibrils meanwhile destructing the aggregation conditions.These findings imply that polyphenols could play a vital role in inhibiting protein misfolding,which might be useful for the prevention of various neurodegenerative diseases.
基金The study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0400600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901617)+5 种基金the Top Talent Project of Department of Education of Anhui Province(gxyqZD2021125)the Excellent Talent project of Anhui Science and Technology University(XJYXRC202101)the Stable Talent Personnel Project of Anhui Science and Technology University(SPWD202101)the Graduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anhui Province(2022cxcysj199)the Natural Science Research Foundation of Department of Education of Anhui Province(2022AH040236)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Sialylated immunoglobulin G(IgG)is a kind of glycoproteins in breast milk with the property of anti-inflammation.Our previous work showed that sialylated IgG could significantly promote the growth of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota of healthy volunteers.Nevertheless,whether sialylated IgG can benefit patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)as prebiotics remains unclear.Therefore,its prebiotic effect on the gut microbiota of IBD patients was investigated by in vitro fermentation in this study.The results showed that sialylated IgG could significantly enhance the diversity,richness and composition of gut microbiota in IBD samples compared with non-sialylated IgG.In detail,sialylated IgG not only improved the growth of three common genera(Romboutsia,Prevotella and Akkermansia)with low relative abundance in IBD samples but also increased the genera(Bifidobacterium,Actinomyces,Atopobium and Citrobacter)with low relative abundance both in healthy and IBD fecal samples.Correspondingly,the contents of short-chain fatty acids for fermentation group of fecal sample from IBD patients with sialylated IgG as the carbon source were higher than those for fermentation group of fecal sample from IBD patients with non-sialylated IgG as the carbon source.In addition,the metabolic pathway results confirmed that sialylated IgG upregulated the functional genes related to hydrolysis,absorption and utilization of carbohydrates.The transcriptome sequencing results further showed that sialylated IgG could induce particular gene expression of Bifidobacterium bifidum to modulate the gut microbiota of IBD patients.Thus,as a kind of natural dietary component,sialylated IgG has potential applications in treating IBD.
