The removal of chloride from the zinc electrolyte produced during hydrometallurgical zinc production is challenging. The ion-exchange method is a promising way to remove chloride if the resin washing wastewater can be...The removal of chloride from the zinc electrolyte produced during hydrometallurgical zinc production is challenging. The ion-exchange method is a promising way to remove chloride if the resin washing wastewater can be recycled. This paper focuses on chloride removal from resin washing wastewater to enable its reuse. Various processing factors including the oxygen gas velocity, temperature, and reaction time were investigated systematically. The results show that the optimal conditions for dechlorination are an oxygen gas velocity of 0.5 L-min^-1, a reaction temperature of 80 ℃, and a reaction time of 30 min. A dechlorination efficiency of 80% with a residual chloride ion concentration less than 200 mg-L^-1 was achieved, which meets the requirements for the recycling of wastewater. The presence of manganese accelerates the dechlorination by forming a Mn^2+- MnO^2-MnO4^-Mn^2+ redox cycle. In this process, about 15 kg of the MnO2 and all of the zinc can be recovered from 100 m^3 wastewater, and the wastewater can be reused, which makes the ion-exchange method a promising technique for chloride removal.展开更多
Auxin response factors(ARFs)are involved in auxin-mediated transcriptional regulation in plants.In this study,we performed functional characterization of SlARF6A in tomato.SlARF6A is located in the nucleus and exhibit...Auxin response factors(ARFs)are involved in auxin-mediated transcriptional regulation in plants.In this study,we performed functional characterization of SlARF6A in tomato.SlARF6A is located in the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activator activity.Overexpression of SlARF6A increased chlorophyll contents in the fruits and leaves of tomato plants,whereas downregulation of SlARF6A decreased chlorophyll contents compared with those of wild-type(WT)plants.Analysis of chloroplasts using transmission electron microscopy indicated increased sizes of chloroplasts in SlARF6A-overexpressing plants and decreased numbers of chloroplasts in SlARF6A-downregulated plants.Overexpression of SlARF6A increased the photosynthesis rate and accumulation of starch and soluble sugars,whereas knockdown of SlARF6A resulted in opposite phenotypes in tomato leaves and fruits.RNA-sequence analysis showed that regulation of SlARF6A expression altered the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism,photosynthesis and sugar metabolism.SlARF6A directly bound to the promoters of SlGLK1,CAB,and RbcS genes and positively regulated the expression of these genes.Overexpression of SlARF6A also inhibited fruit ripening and ethylene production,whereas downregulation of SlARF6A increased fruit ripening and ethylene production.SlARF6A directly bound to the SAMS1 promoter and negatively regulated SAMS1 expression.Taken together,these results expand our understanding of ARFs with regard to photosynthesis,sugar accumulation and fruit development and provide a potential target for genetic engineering to improve fruit nutrition in horticulture crops.展开更多
Hierarchical nanostructures have attracted widespread interest owing to their unique properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Thus, they are considered promising electrocatalytic materials. In this work, a nove...Hierarchical nanostructures have attracted widespread interest owing to their unique properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Thus, they are considered promising electrocatalytic materials. In this work, a novel hierarchical porous nanocomposite of cobalt phosphide nanocage@ferric-zinc mixed-metal phosphide nanotubes(denoted Co P@Zn Fe P) was fabricated using a self-assembly approach. Because of their structural and compositional merits, the as-prepared phosphide hybrids have abundant catalytic active sites and high porosity for facile mass diffusion. In an alkaline electrolyte, the CoP@ZnFeP flower-like hybrids displayed enhanced catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction compared with a mechanical mixture of Co P and Zn Fe P nanoparticles. The CoP@ZnFeP hierarchical nanocomposites also showed excellent activity for the overall water splitting reaction, yielding a water-splitting current of 10 mA/cm^2 on the application of just 1.6 V, as well as excellent durability(24-h long-term operation) in a two-electrode system. Our design methodology may create opportunities to search for highly efficient and robust non-precious metal catalysts with applications in high-performance energy conversion and storage devices.展开更多
The extraction of potassium from a tablet mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4by roasting was studied with a focus on the effects of the decomposition behavior of CaSO4on the potassium extraction process.The roasted sl...The extraction of potassium from a tablet mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4by roasting was studied with a focus on the effects of the decomposition behavior of CaSO4on the potassium extraction process.The roasted slags were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric（TG）analysis.The XRD analysis revealed that hydrosoluble mischcrystal K2Ca2（SO4）3was obtained by ion exchange of Ca^2＋ in CaSO4 and K^＋ in KAlSi3O8.Meanwhile,the intermediate product,SiO2,separated from KAl Si3O8and reacted with CaSO4to decompose CaSO4.The SEM results showed that some blowholes emerged on the surface of the CaSO4particles when they reacted with SiO2at 1200℃,which indicates that SO2and O2gases were released from CaSO4.The TG curves displayed that pure CaSO4could not be decomposed below 1200℃,while the mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4began to lose weight at 1000℃.The extraction rate of potassium and decomposition rate of CaSO4were 62%and 44%,respectively,at a mass ratio of CaSO4to K-feldspar ore of 3：1,temperature of 1200℃,tablet-forming pressure of6 MPa,and roasting time of 2 h.The decomposition of CaSO4reduced the potassium extraction rate;therefore,the required amount of CaSO4was more than the theoretical amount.However,excess CaSO4was also undesirable for the potassium extraction reaction because a massive amount of SO2and O2gas were derived from the decomposition of CaSO4,which provided poor contact between the reactants.The SO2released from CaSO4decomposition can be effectively recycled.展开更多
The formation and development of pollen are among the most critical processes for reproduction and genetic diversity in the life cycle of f lowering plants.The present study found that SlMYB72 was highly expressed in ...The formation and development of pollen are among the most critical processes for reproduction and genetic diversity in the life cycle of f lowering plants.The present study found that SlMYB72 was highly expressed in the pollen and tapetum of tomato f lowers.Downregulation of SlMYB72 led to a decrease in the amounts of seeds due to abnormal pollen development compared with wild-type plants.Downregulation of SlMYB72 delayed tapetum degradation and inhibited autophagy in tomato anther.Overexpression of SlMYB72 led to abnormal pollen development and delayed tapetum degradation.Expression levels of some autophagy-related genes(ATGs)were decreased in SlMYB72 downregulated plants and increased in overexpression plants.SlMYB72 was directly bound to ACCAAC/ACCAAA motif of the SlATG7 promoter and activated its expression.Downregulation of SlATG7 inhibited the autophagy process and tapetum degradation,resulting in abnormal pollen development in tomatoes.These results indicated SlMYB72 affects the tapetum degradation and pollen development by transcriptional activation of SlATG7 and autophagy in tomato anther.The study expands the understanding of the regulation of autophagy by SlMYB72,uncovers the critical role that autophagy plays in pollen development,and provides potential candidate genes for the production of male-sterility in plants.展开更多
Background:Cantharidin (CTD),a natural toxin produced from Chinese blister beetles,has extensive anti-tumor activity.The present study investigated the effect of CTD on a human colon cancer cell line to elucidate pote...Background:Cantharidin (CTD),a natural toxin produced from Chinese blister beetles,has extensive anti-tumor activity.The present study investigated the effect of CTD on a human colon cancer cell line to elucidate potential new insights regarding the mechanism(s) through which CTD exerts its anti-tumor effects.Materials and methods:The inhibitory effect of CTD on human colon cancer HCT116 cells was evaluated using the IncuCyte ZOOMTM analyzer.Apoptotic cells were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and cell cycle was evaluated with flow cytometry following propidium iodide staining.Alterations in F-actin microfilaments were analyzed by FITC-phalloidin staining and morphological changes were evaluated with a laser scanning confocal microscope.Cell migration assay was carried out to investigate the effects of CTD on migration of HCT116 cells in vitro.Results:CTD exhibited a significant growth inhibitory effect on HCT116 cells accompanied by an increase in G2/M phase cells,without a significant effect on apoptosis.CTD-treated cells also exhibited a dramatic collapse in their microfilament network and a significant reduction in cell adhesion.Conclusion:CTD inhibits growth by increasing G2/M phase cells and decreasing S phase cells,revealing that CTD exerts a significant growth inhibitory effect primarily through an inhibition of cell cycle progression (a cytostatic effect).Moreover,a negative effect on cell migration may also constitute a contributing factor to its anti-tumor potential.These findings suggest the potential use for developing CTD as a novel anti-cancer therapy that targets metastasis Giving full play to CTD may inhibit tumor transfer.展开更多
Target recognition is a significant part of a Ballistic Missile Defense System(BMDS).However,most existing ballistic target recognition methods overlook the impact of data representation on recognition outcomes.This p...Target recognition is a significant part of a Ballistic Missile Defense System(BMDS).However,most existing ballistic target recognition methods overlook the impact of data representation on recognition outcomes.This paper focuses on systematically investigating the influences of three novel data representations in the Range-Doppler(RD)domain.Initially,the Radar Cross Section(RCS)and micro-Doppler(m-D)characteristics of a cone-shaped ballistic target are analyzed.Then,three different data representations are proposed:RD data,RD sequence tensor data,and RD trajectory data.To accommodate various data inputs,deep-learning models are designed,including a two-Dimensional Residual Dense Network(2D RDN),a three-Dimensional Residual Dense Network-Gated Recurrent Unit(3D RDN-GRU),and a Dynamic Trajectory Recognition Network(DTRN).Finally,an Electromagnetic(EM)computation dataset is collected to verify the performances of the networks.A broad range of experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework.Moreover,several key parameters of the proposed networks and datasets are extensively studied in this research.展开更多
An accurate period is important to recover the pulse profile from a recorded photon event series of an X-ray pulsar and to estimate the pulse time of arrival,which is the measurement of X-ray pulsar navigation.Epoch f...An accurate period is important to recover the pulse profile from a recorded photon event series of an X-ray pulsar and to estimate the pulse time of arrival,which is the measurement of X-ray pulsar navigation.Epoch folding is a classical period estimation method in the time domain;however,its computational complexity grows as the number of trail periods increases.In order to reduce the computational complexity,this paper improves the fast folding algorithm through segment correlation and amplitude accumulation,which is based on the post-order traversal of a binary tree.Compared with epoch folding,the improved fast folding algorithm can achieve a similar accuracy at the cost of a lower computational burden.Compared with the original fast folding algorithm,the improved algorithm can be applied to detectors with a much smaller effective area.The performance of the method is investigated by simulation data and observation data from the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer(NICER).展开更多
Background:Quantitative electroencephalogram(QEEG)is a tool that uses a computer to analyze brain activity monitored by electroencephalogram(EEG)according to measurements such as frequency,amplitude,and slope.The purp...Background:Quantitative electroencephalogram(QEEG)is a tool that uses a computer to analyze brain activity monitored by electroencephalogram(EEG)according to measurements such as frequency,amplitude,and slope.The purpose of this study was to understand the current situation of QEEG utilization in China and further compare the situations among different regions and different levels of hospitals.Methods:An online questionnaire comprising 14 questions was designed.Statistical description and analysis were made for the results of the questionnaire survey.Results:A total of 158 people from 134 medical institutions participated in the survey.The participants came from 21 provinces,accounting for 61.76%(21/34)of the 34 provincial administrative regions in China.The Eastern China region accounted for 66.42%(89/134)of all the medical institutions that participated in this survey.Among the institutions surveyed,QEEG was routinely used in only 23.88%(32/134)of them.Among the medical institutions in which QEEG was routinely used,87.50%(28/32)of them were 3A-grade hospitals.Among the institutions with routine use of QEEG,56.25%(18/32)were affiliated hospitals of medical schools.There was a significant difference in the utilization of QEEG between the 3A-grade and non-3A-grade hospitals(P=0.040)and between the hospitals affiliated to medical schools and those non-affiliated to medical schools(P=0.020).Conclusions:The utilization of QEEG is still limited in China.There are differences in the use of QEEG among different hospitals and regions.展开更多
Reinforcement learning(RL)can free automated vehicles(AVs)from the car-following constraints and provide more possible explorations for mixed behavior.This study uses deep RL as AVs’longitudinal control and designs a...Reinforcement learning(RL)can free automated vehicles(AVs)from the car-following constraints and provide more possible explorations for mixed behavior.This study uses deep RL as AVs’longitudinal control and designs a multi-level objectives framework for AVs’trajectory decision-making based on multi-agent DRL.The saturated signalized intersection is taken as the research object to seek the upper limit of traffic efficiency and realize the specific target control.The simulation results demonstrate the convergence of the proposed framework in complex scenarios.When prioritizing throughputs as the primary objective and emissions as the secondary objective,both indicators exhibit a linear growth pattern with increasing market penetration rate(MPR).Compared with MPR is 0%,the throughputs can be increased by 69.2%when MPR is 100%.Compared with linear adaptive cruise control(LACC)under the same MPR,the emissions can also be reduced by up to 78.8%.Under the control of the fixed throughputs,compared with LACC,the emission benefits grow nearly linearly as MPR increases,it can reach 79.4%at 80%MPR.This study employs experimental results to analyze the behavioral changes of mixed flow and the mechanism of mixed autonomy to improve traffic efficiency.The proposed method is flexible and serves as a valuable tool for exploring and studying the behavior of mixed flow behavior and the patterns of mixed autonomy.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Support Program(2015BAB12B00)Key R&D projects of Sichuan province(2017GZ0377)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2012017yjsy112)
文摘The removal of chloride from the zinc electrolyte produced during hydrometallurgical zinc production is challenging. The ion-exchange method is a promising way to remove chloride if the resin washing wastewater can be recycled. This paper focuses on chloride removal from resin washing wastewater to enable its reuse. Various processing factors including the oxygen gas velocity, temperature, and reaction time were investigated systematically. The results show that the optimal conditions for dechlorination are an oxygen gas velocity of 0.5 L-min^-1, a reaction temperature of 80 ℃, and a reaction time of 30 min. A dechlorination efficiency of 80% with a residual chloride ion concentration less than 200 mg-L^-1 was achieved, which meets the requirements for the recycling of wastewater. The presence of manganese accelerates the dechlorination by forming a Mn^2+- MnO^2-MnO4^-Mn^2+ redox cycle. In this process, about 15 kg of the MnO2 and all of the zinc can be recovered from 100 m^3 wastewater, and the wastewater can be reused, which makes the ion-exchange method a promising technique for chloride removal.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0400100)the Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(CSTC2015JCYJA80018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272165).
文摘Auxin response factors(ARFs)are involved in auxin-mediated transcriptional regulation in plants.In this study,we performed functional characterization of SlARF6A in tomato.SlARF6A is located in the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activator activity.Overexpression of SlARF6A increased chlorophyll contents in the fruits and leaves of tomato plants,whereas downregulation of SlARF6A decreased chlorophyll contents compared with those of wild-type(WT)plants.Analysis of chloroplasts using transmission electron microscopy indicated increased sizes of chloroplasts in SlARF6A-overexpressing plants and decreased numbers of chloroplasts in SlARF6A-downregulated plants.Overexpression of SlARF6A increased the photosynthesis rate and accumulation of starch and soluble sugars,whereas knockdown of SlARF6A resulted in opposite phenotypes in tomato leaves and fruits.RNA-sequence analysis showed that regulation of SlARF6A expression altered the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism,photosynthesis and sugar metabolism.SlARF6A directly bound to the promoters of SlGLK1,CAB,and RbcS genes and positively regulated the expression of these genes.Overexpression of SlARF6A also inhibited fruit ripening and ethylene production,whereas downregulation of SlARF6A increased fruit ripening and ethylene production.SlARF6A directly bound to the SAMS1 promoter and negatively regulated SAMS1 expression.Taken together,these results expand our understanding of ARFs with regard to photosynthesis,sugar accumulation and fruit development and provide a potential target for genetic engineering to improve fruit nutrition in horticulture crops.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2018BB061,ZR2018BB060,ZR2018LB004)~~
文摘Hierarchical nanostructures have attracted widespread interest owing to their unique properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Thus, they are considered promising electrocatalytic materials. In this work, a novel hierarchical porous nanocomposite of cobalt phosphide nanocage@ferric-zinc mixed-metal phosphide nanotubes(denoted Co P@Zn Fe P) was fabricated using a self-assembly approach. Because of their structural and compositional merits, the as-prepared phosphide hybrids have abundant catalytic active sites and high porosity for facile mass diffusion. In an alkaline electrolyte, the CoP@ZnFeP flower-like hybrids displayed enhanced catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction compared with a mechanical mixture of Co P and Zn Fe P nanoparticles. The CoP@ZnFeP hierarchical nanocomposites also showed excellent activity for the overall water splitting reaction, yielding a water-splitting current of 10 mA/cm^2 on the application of just 1.6 V, as well as excellent durability(24-h long-term operation) in a two-electrode system. Our design methodology may create opportunities to search for highly efficient and robust non-precious metal catalysts with applications in high-performance energy conversion and storage devices.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFB0600904)Sichuan Province Science and Technology Project(2017GZ0377)Sichuan University Postdoctoral Research and Development Fund(2017SCU12017)
文摘The extraction of potassium from a tablet mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4by roasting was studied with a focus on the effects of the decomposition behavior of CaSO4on the potassium extraction process.The roasted slags were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric（TG）analysis.The XRD analysis revealed that hydrosoluble mischcrystal K2Ca2（SO4）3was obtained by ion exchange of Ca^2＋ in CaSO4 and K^＋ in KAlSi3O8.Meanwhile,the intermediate product,SiO2,separated from KAl Si3O8and reacted with CaSO4to decompose CaSO4.The SEM results showed that some blowholes emerged on the surface of the CaSO4particles when they reacted with SiO2at 1200℃,which indicates that SO2and O2gases were released from CaSO4.The TG curves displayed that pure CaSO4could not be decomposed below 1200℃,while the mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4began to lose weight at 1000℃.The extraction rate of potassium and decomposition rate of CaSO4were 62%and 44%,respectively,at a mass ratio of CaSO4to K-feldspar ore of 3：1,temperature of 1200℃,tablet-forming pressure of6 MPa,and roasting time of 2 h.The decomposition of CaSO4reduced the potassium extraction rate;therefore,the required amount of CaSO4was more than the theoretical amount.However,excess CaSO4was also undesirable for the potassium extraction reaction because a massive amount of SO2and O2gas were derived from the decomposition of CaSO4,which provided poor contact between the reactants.The SO2released from CaSO4decomposition can be effectively recycled.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172596)the Technology Innovation and Application Development Project in Chongqing(cstc2021jscxcylhX0115)+3 种基金the Chongqing Talents Innovation Leading Talents Project(cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0018)the Tianfu Scholar Program of Sichuan Province(Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Sichuan Province 2021-58)d the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021CDJZYJH002)The Graduate Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing,China(CYB22048).
文摘The formation and development of pollen are among the most critical processes for reproduction and genetic diversity in the life cycle of f lowering plants.The present study found that SlMYB72 was highly expressed in the pollen and tapetum of tomato f lowers.Downregulation of SlMYB72 led to a decrease in the amounts of seeds due to abnormal pollen development compared with wild-type plants.Downregulation of SlMYB72 delayed tapetum degradation and inhibited autophagy in tomato anther.Overexpression of SlMYB72 led to abnormal pollen development and delayed tapetum degradation.Expression levels of some autophagy-related genes(ATGs)were decreased in SlMYB72 downregulated plants and increased in overexpression plants.SlMYB72 was directly bound to ACCAAC/ACCAAA motif of the SlATG7 promoter and activated its expression.Downregulation of SlATG7 inhibited the autophagy process and tapetum degradation,resulting in abnormal pollen development in tomatoes.These results indicated SlMYB72 affects the tapetum degradation and pollen development by transcriptional activation of SlATG7 and autophagy in tomato anther.The study expands the understanding of the regulation of autophagy by SlMYB72,uncovers the critical role that autophagy plays in pollen development,and provides potential candidate genes for the production of male-sterility in plants.
文摘Background:Cantharidin (CTD),a natural toxin produced from Chinese blister beetles,has extensive anti-tumor activity.The present study investigated the effect of CTD on a human colon cancer cell line to elucidate potential new insights regarding the mechanism(s) through which CTD exerts its anti-tumor effects.Materials and methods:The inhibitory effect of CTD on human colon cancer HCT116 cells was evaluated using the IncuCyte ZOOMTM analyzer.Apoptotic cells were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and cell cycle was evaluated with flow cytometry following propidium iodide staining.Alterations in F-actin microfilaments were analyzed by FITC-phalloidin staining and morphological changes were evaluated with a laser scanning confocal microscope.Cell migration assay was carried out to investigate the effects of CTD on migration of HCT116 cells in vitro.Results:CTD exhibited a significant growth inhibitory effect on HCT116 cells accompanied by an increase in G2/M phase cells,without a significant effect on apoptosis.CTD-treated cells also exhibited a dramatic collapse in their microfilament network and a significant reduction in cell adhesion.Conclusion:CTD inhibits growth by increasing G2/M phase cells and decreasing S phase cells,revealing that CTD exerts a significant growth inhibitory effect primarily through an inhibition of cell cycle progression (a cytostatic effect).Moreover,a negative effect on cell migration may also constitute a contributing factor to its anti-tumor potential.These findings suggest the potential use for developing CTD as a novel anti-cancer therapy that targets metastasis Giving full play to CTD may inhibit tumor transfer.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2023-JCYB-491).
文摘Target recognition is a significant part of a Ballistic Missile Defense System(BMDS).However,most existing ballistic target recognition methods overlook the impact of data representation on recognition outcomes.This paper focuses on systematically investigating the influences of three novel data representations in the Range-Doppler(RD)domain.Initially,the Radar Cross Section(RCS)and micro-Doppler(m-D)characteristics of a cone-shaped ballistic target are analyzed.Then,three different data representations are proposed:RD data,RD sequence tensor data,and RD trajectory data.To accommodate various data inputs,deep-learning models are designed,including a two-Dimensional Residual Dense Network(2D RDN),a three-Dimensional Residual Dense Network-Gated Recurrent Unit(3D RDN-GRU),and a Dynamic Trajectory Recognition Network(DTRN).Finally,an Electromagnetic(EM)computation dataset is collected to verify the performances of the networks.A broad range of experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework.Moreover,several key parameters of the proposed networks and datasets are extensively studied in this research.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61703413).
文摘An accurate period is important to recover the pulse profile from a recorded photon event series of an X-ray pulsar and to estimate the pulse time of arrival,which is the measurement of X-ray pulsar navigation.Epoch folding is a classical period estimation method in the time domain;however,its computational complexity grows as the number of trail periods increases.In order to reduce the computational complexity,this paper improves the fast folding algorithm through segment correlation and amplitude accumulation,which is based on the post-order traversal of a binary tree.Compared with epoch folding,the improved fast folding algorithm can achieve a similar accuracy at the cost of a lower computational burden.Compared with the original fast folding algorithm,the improved algorithm can be applied to detectors with a much smaller effective area.The performance of the method is investigated by simulation data and observation data from the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer(NICER).
基金This work was supported by Suzhou Science and Technology Project(SLT201908)Jiangsu Provincial Excellent Young Doctors’Project(QNRC2016731).
文摘Background:Quantitative electroencephalogram(QEEG)is a tool that uses a computer to analyze brain activity monitored by electroencephalogram(EEG)according to measurements such as frequency,amplitude,and slope.The purpose of this study was to understand the current situation of QEEG utilization in China and further compare the situations among different regions and different levels of hospitals.Methods:An online questionnaire comprising 14 questions was designed.Statistical description and analysis were made for the results of the questionnaire survey.Results:A total of 158 people from 134 medical institutions participated in the survey.The participants came from 21 provinces,accounting for 61.76%(21/34)of the 34 provincial administrative regions in China.The Eastern China region accounted for 66.42%(89/134)of all the medical institutions that participated in this survey.Among the institutions surveyed,QEEG was routinely used in only 23.88%(32/134)of them.Among the medical institutions in which QEEG was routinely used,87.50%(28/32)of them were 3A-grade hospitals.Among the institutions with routine use of QEEG,56.25%(18/32)were affiliated hospitals of medical schools.There was a significant difference in the utilization of QEEG between the 3A-grade and non-3A-grade hospitals(P=0.040)and between the hospitals affiliated to medical schools and those non-affiliated to medical schools(P=0.020).Conclusions:The utilization of QEEG is still limited in China.There are differences in the use of QEEG among different hospitals and regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52272332 and 51578199)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.YQ2021E031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.HIT.OCEF.2022026).
文摘Reinforcement learning(RL)can free automated vehicles(AVs)from the car-following constraints and provide more possible explorations for mixed behavior.This study uses deep RL as AVs’longitudinal control and designs a multi-level objectives framework for AVs’trajectory decision-making based on multi-agent DRL.The saturated signalized intersection is taken as the research object to seek the upper limit of traffic efficiency and realize the specific target control.The simulation results demonstrate the convergence of the proposed framework in complex scenarios.When prioritizing throughputs as the primary objective and emissions as the secondary objective,both indicators exhibit a linear growth pattern with increasing market penetration rate(MPR).Compared with MPR is 0%,the throughputs can be increased by 69.2%when MPR is 100%.Compared with linear adaptive cruise control(LACC)under the same MPR,the emissions can also be reduced by up to 78.8%.Under the control of the fixed throughputs,compared with LACC,the emission benefits grow nearly linearly as MPR increases,it can reach 79.4%at 80%MPR.This study employs experimental results to analyze the behavioral changes of mixed flow and the mechanism of mixed autonomy to improve traffic efficiency.The proposed method is flexible and serves as a valuable tool for exploring and studying the behavior of mixed flow behavior and the patterns of mixed autonomy.
