In 2023,the World Obesity Atlas Federation concluded that more than 50%of the world’s population would be overweight or obese within the next 12 years.At the heart of this epidemic lies the gut microbiota,a complex e...In 2023,the World Obesity Atlas Federation concluded that more than 50%of the world’s population would be overweight or obese within the next 12 years.At the heart of this epidemic lies the gut microbiota,a complex ecosystem that profoundly influences obesity-related metabolic health.Its multifaced role encompasses energy harvesting,inflammation,satiety signaling,gut barrier function,gut-brain communication,and adipose tissue homeostasis.Recognizing the complexities of the cross-talk between host physiology and gut microbiota is crucial for developing cutting-edge,microbiome-targeted therapies to address the global obesity crisis and its alarming health and economic repercussions.This narrative review analyzed the current state of knowledge,illuminating emerging research areas and their implications for leveraging gut microbial manipulations as therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat obesity and related disorders in humans.By elucidating the complex relationship between gut microflora and obesity,we aim to contribute to the growing body of knowledge underpinning this critical field,potentially paving the way for novel interventions to combat the worldwide obesity epidemic.展开更多
Cross-talks (e.g., host-driven iron withdrawal and microbial iron uptake between host gastrointestinal tract and commensal microbes) regulate immunotolerance and intestinal homeostasis. However, underlying mechanisms ...Cross-talks (e.g., host-driven iron withdrawal and microbial iron uptake between host gastrointestinal tract and commensal microbes) regulate immunotolerance and intestinal homeostasis. However, underlying mechanisms that regulate the cross-talks remain poorly understood. Here, we show that bacterial products up-regulate iron-transporter transferrin and transferrin acts as an immunosuppressor by interacting with cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) to inhibit pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling and induce host immunotolerance. Decreased intestinal transferrin is found in germ-free mice and human patients with ulcerative colitis, which are characterized by impaired intestinal immunotolerance. Intestinal transferrin and host immunotolerance are returned to normal when germ-free mice get normal microbial commensalism, suggesting an association between microbial commensalism, transferrin, and host immunotolerance. Mouse colitis models show that transferrin shortage impairs host’s tolerogenic responses, while its supplementation promotes immunotolerance. Designed peptide blocking transferrin–CD14 interaction inhibits immunosuppressive effects of transferrin. In monkeys with idiopathic chronic diarrhea, transferrin shows comparable or even better therapeutic effects than hydrocortisone. Our findings reveal that by up-regulating host transferrin to silence PRR signaling, commensal bacteria counteract immune activation induced by themselves to shape host immunity and contribute for intestinal tolerance.展开更多
In this work,a series of chitin-supported Ru catalysts,composed of ultrasmall Ru nanoparticles supported on the chitin nanofibers,with different Ru content from 0.07 wt%to 0.93 wt%,are fabricated.Results from catalyze...In this work,a series of chitin-supported Ru catalysts,composed of ultrasmall Ru nanoparticles supported on the chitin nanofibers,with different Ru content from 0.07 wt%to 0.93 wt%,are fabricated.Results from catalyzed NaBH4 hydrolysis experiments indicate that the catalytic activity of the fabricated chitin-supported Ru catalysts increases gradually with the decreasing of Ru content.The rate of hydrogen generation from NaBH4 hydrolysis catalyzed by the catalyst with 0.07 wt%Ru content is as high as 55.29 L min 1 gRu-1 at 30℃,and this reaction exhibits activation energy of 39.16 kJ/mol.The augment of NaBH4 dosage in the experiments does not weaken the catalytic activity.In addition,the fabricated chitin-supported Ru catalysts show excellent durability in NaBH4 hydrolysis,with only 9.2%activity loss after used for 20 cycles.With excellent catalytic activity and durability,the as-obtained Ru catalysts provide a promising choice for promoting hydrogen production from NaBH4 hydrolysis.展开更多
The intermodal nonlinear coefficient is an important parameter to analytically describe few-mode fiber(FMF) nonlinearity when the nonlinear interaction arising in the FMF is exploited for various applications. Here, w...The intermodal nonlinear coefficient is an important parameter to analytically describe few-mode fiber(FMF) nonlinearity when the nonlinear interaction arising in the FMF is exploited for various applications. Here, we experimentally characterize the intermodal nonlinear coefficient based on continuous-wave cross-phase modulation, without a priori knowledge of the intramodal nonlinear coefficient for the FMF under test. Based on the derived equation, we examine the impact of the pump modulation scheme and the wavelength spacing between the probe and pump on the precise measurement of the intermodal nonlinear coefficient. Compared with double sideband(DSB) modulation, the pump modulated with carrier-suppressed DSB scheme leads to an underestimation of measurement results, due to the coexistence of unnecessary nonlinear interactions. Finally, the intermodal nonlinear coefficient of a 1.9-km FMF supporting two mode groups is experimentally characterized and is in good agreement with the theoretically calculated values. Due to the random birefringence fluctuation, the average value of 4/3 to describe the intermodal nonlinear interaction arising in weakly coupled FMF by the commonly used Manakov equation is experimentally verified.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2023YFF1304900 and 2022YFC2105003)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(AB24010109)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930015 and 32370538)Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-BRP-008)Yunnan Province(202003AD150008 and 202305AH340006)Kunming Science and Technology Bureau(2022SCP007)Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation(NCI202238)the University Chinese Academy of Sciences and Alliance of International Science Organization(ANSO)through 2022A8010415002.
文摘In 2023,the World Obesity Atlas Federation concluded that more than 50%of the world’s population would be overweight or obese within the next 12 years.At the heart of this epidemic lies the gut microbiota,a complex ecosystem that profoundly influences obesity-related metabolic health.Its multifaced role encompasses energy harvesting,inflammation,satiety signaling,gut barrier function,gut-brain communication,and adipose tissue homeostasis.Recognizing the complexities of the cross-talk between host physiology and gut microbiota is crucial for developing cutting-edge,microbiome-targeted therapies to address the global obesity crisis and its alarming health and economic repercussions.This narrative review analyzed the current state of knowledge,illuminating emerging research areas and their implications for leveraging gut microbial manipulations as therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat obesity and related disorders in humans.By elucidating the complex relationship between gut microflora and obesity,we aim to contribute to the growing body of knowledge underpinning this critical field,potentially paving the way for novel interventions to combat the worldwide obesity epidemic.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1301601)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018YFA0801403 and 2022YFC2105003)+6 种基金the National Science Foundation of China(31930015,32100907,U2002219,and 32371162)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-BRP-008 and SAJC202103)Yunnan Province(202003AD150008,202202AA100002 and 202301AS070074)the Kunming Science and Technology Bureau(2022SCP007)the New Cornerstone Investigator Program from Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation,Excellent Young Scientists Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023YQ025)the Frontiers Medical Center,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation(TFJC2023010007)the PI Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(GML2021GD0807).
文摘Cross-talks (e.g., host-driven iron withdrawal and microbial iron uptake between host gastrointestinal tract and commensal microbes) regulate immunotolerance and intestinal homeostasis. However, underlying mechanisms that regulate the cross-talks remain poorly understood. Here, we show that bacterial products up-regulate iron-transporter transferrin and transferrin acts as an immunosuppressor by interacting with cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) to inhibit pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling and induce host immunotolerance. Decreased intestinal transferrin is found in germ-free mice and human patients with ulcerative colitis, which are characterized by impaired intestinal immunotolerance. Intestinal transferrin and host immunotolerance are returned to normal when germ-free mice get normal microbial commensalism, suggesting an association between microbial commensalism, transferrin, and host immunotolerance. Mouse colitis models show that transferrin shortage impairs host’s tolerogenic responses, while its supplementation promotes immunotolerance. Designed peptide blocking transferrin–CD14 interaction inhibits immunosuppressive effects of transferrin. In monkeys with idiopathic chronic diarrhea, transferrin shows comparable or even better therapeutic effects than hydrocortisone. Our findings reveal that by up-regulating host transferrin to silence PRR signaling, commensal bacteria counteract immune activation induced by themselves to shape host immunity and contribute for intestinal tolerance.
基金Chengdu University of Technology(No.10912-2019KYQD07208)。
文摘In this work,a series of chitin-supported Ru catalysts,composed of ultrasmall Ru nanoparticles supported on the chitin nanofibers,with different Ru content from 0.07 wt%to 0.93 wt%,are fabricated.Results from catalyzed NaBH4 hydrolysis experiments indicate that the catalytic activity of the fabricated chitin-supported Ru catalysts increases gradually with the decreasing of Ru content.The rate of hydrogen generation from NaBH4 hydrolysis catalyzed by the catalyst with 0.07 wt%Ru content is as high as 55.29 L min 1 gRu-1 at 30℃,and this reaction exhibits activation energy of 39.16 kJ/mol.The augment of NaBH4 dosage in the experiments does not weaken the catalytic activity.In addition,the fabricated chitin-supported Ru catalysts show excellent durability in NaBH4 hydrolysis,with only 9.2%activity loss after used for 20 cycles.With excellent catalytic activity and durability,the as-obtained Ru catalysts provide a promising choice for promoting hydrogen production from NaBH4 hydrolysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U22A2087)the Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams of the Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program (No.2021ZT09X044)。
文摘The intermodal nonlinear coefficient is an important parameter to analytically describe few-mode fiber(FMF) nonlinearity when the nonlinear interaction arising in the FMF is exploited for various applications. Here, we experimentally characterize the intermodal nonlinear coefficient based on continuous-wave cross-phase modulation, without a priori knowledge of the intramodal nonlinear coefficient for the FMF under test. Based on the derived equation, we examine the impact of the pump modulation scheme and the wavelength spacing between the probe and pump on the precise measurement of the intermodal nonlinear coefficient. Compared with double sideband(DSB) modulation, the pump modulated with carrier-suppressed DSB scheme leads to an underestimation of measurement results, due to the coexistence of unnecessary nonlinear interactions. Finally, the intermodal nonlinear coefficient of a 1.9-km FMF supporting two mode groups is experimentally characterized and is in good agreement with the theoretically calculated values. Due to the random birefringence fluctuation, the average value of 4/3 to describe the intermodal nonlinear interaction arising in weakly coupled FMF by the commonly used Manakov equation is experimentally verified.
