Sexual dimorphism in size and shape is common in many organisms, and is a key evolutionary feature. In this study, we analyzed morphometric data of the Jilin clawed salamander Onychodactylus zhangyapingi, an endemic C...Sexual dimorphism in size and shape is common in many organisms, and is a key evolutionary feature. In this study, we analyzed morphometric data of the Jilin clawed salamander Onychodactylus zhangyapingi, an endemic Chinese salamander, to examine sexual size and shape dimorphism. The morphometric data included 14 characteristics of 13 females and 11 males and was analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods. Our results showed that sexual dimorphism occurs not only in body size, but also in body shape. Males have a longer snout-vent length than females, a rarely reported pattern of male-biased sexual size dimorphism. Females have a larger space between the axilla and groin than males, while males have longer and larger tails compared to females. The sexual dimorphism in body size and shape can be explained by existing theories, but there is little data for the mating system, behavior, reproduction, or ecology of O. zhangyapingi, so further studies are required.展开更多
Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is strongly associated with a height-ened incidence of lymphomas.To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection,animal models have been developed.These models serve as v...Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is strongly associated with a height-ened incidence of lymphomas.To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection,animal models have been developed.These models serve as valuable tools to inves-tigate disease pathobiology,assess antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs,ex-plore viral reservoirs,and develop eradication strategies.However,there are currently no validated in vivo models of HIV-associated lymphoma(HAL),hampering progress in this crucial domain,and scant attention has been given to developing animal models dedicated to studying HAL,despite their pivotal role in advancing knowledge.This re-view provides a comprehensive overview of the existing animal models of HAL,which may enhance our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and approaches for malignancies linked to HIV infection.展开更多
Nutrients in human milk,including minerals,relate growth and development of breast-fed infants.Tibetan mother-infant dyads possess unique characteristics on early nutrition due to their featured long-lasting lifestyle...Nutrients in human milk,including minerals,relate growth and development of breast-fed infants.Tibetan mother-infant dyads possess unique characteristics on early nutrition due to their featured long-lasting lifestyle.This study longitudinally investigated the relationship between the mineral composition in human milk and the Z-scores of infants among Tibetan mother-infant dyads during their first 6 months postpartum through a prospective cohort study.The results show that the minerals of Na,Mg,K,Ca,Cu,Zn,and Se were of higher levels in colostrum than other lactation stages.Several minerals were below the recommended values for infants according to Chinese dietary guidelines.Besides,a large proportion of infant Z-scores were below-2 as lactation period continued.Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that classifications and correlations in varying degrees were observed between minerals in human milk and infant Z-scores.These findings will be advantageous for research upon Chinese early nutrition and progress of tailor-made infant formula.展开更多
This paper deals with the stochastic stability of networked control systems with the presence of network- induced delay and transmitted data dropout. Based on the Lyapunov approach, sufficient conditions for the mean-...This paper deals with the stochastic stability of networked control systems with the presence of network- induced delay and transmitted data dropout. Based on the Lyapunov approach, sufficient conditions for the mean-square stability of the networked control system are derived subject that the sequence of transmission interval is driven by an identically independently distributed sequence and by a finite state Markov chain, respectively. Stabilization controllers are constructed in terms of linear matrix inequalities correspondingly. An example is provided to illustrate our results.展开更多
Regulation of flowering is one of the key issues in crop yield. The Floiuering Loews T(FT) gene is a well-known florigen, which integrates various signals from multiple flowering-regulation pathways to initiate flower...Regulation of flowering is one of the key issues in crop yield. The Floiuering Loews T(FT) gene is a well-known florigen, which integrates various signals from multiple flowering-regulation pathways to initiate flowering. We previously reported that there are at least six FT genes(GmFTLl-6) in soybean displaying flowering activity. However, the individual functions of genes GmFTLl-6 remain to be identified. In this study, we cloned the GmFTL2 promoter(GmFTLpro) from soybean(Glycine max) cultivar Tianlong 1 and analyzed its motifs bioinformatically and its expression patterns using both a transgenic approach and quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR). In GmFTLpro::GUS transgenic lines, GUS signals were enriched in cotyledons, hypocotyledons, pollen, embryos, and root tips in a photoperiod-independent manner. qRT-PCR confirmed the GUS reporter results. Our results suggest that GmFTL2 expression is regulated by developmental and tissue-specific clues and plays roles in seedling establishment and the development of micro game tophytes, embryos, and roots.展开更多
Laser–plasma instability(LPI)is one of the main obstacles to achieving predictable and reproducible fusion at high gain through laser-driven inertial confinement fusion(ICF).In this paper,for the first time,we show a...Laser–plasma instability(LPI)is one of the main obstacles to achieving predictable and reproducible fusion at high gain through laser-driven inertial confinement fusion(ICF).In this paper,for the first time,we show analytically and confirm with three-dimensional particle-incell simulations that angular incoherence provides suppression of the instability growth rate that is additional to and much stronger than that provided by the well-known temporal and spatial incoherence usually used in ICF studies.For the model used in our calculations,the maximum field ratio between the stimulated Raman scattering and the driving pulses drops from 0.2 for a Laguerre–Gaussian pulse with a single nonzero topological charge to 0.05 for a super light spring with an angular momentum spread and random relative phases.In particular,angular incoherence does not introduce extra undesirable hot electrons.This provides a novel method for suppressing LPI by using light with an angular momentum spread and paves the way towards a low-LPI laser system for inertial fusion energy with a super light spring of incoherence in all dimensions of time,space,and angle,and may open the door to the use of longer-wavelength lasers for inertial fusion energy.展开更多
We investigated the effects of ipsilateral versus bilateral limb-training on promotion of endogenous neural stem cells in the peripheral infarct zone and the corresponding cerebral region in the unaffected hemisphere ...We investigated the effects of ipsilateral versus bilateral limb-training on promotion of endogenous neural stem cells in the peripheral infarct zone and the corresponding cerebral region in the unaffected hemisphere of rats with cerebral infarction. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in Wistar rats. The rat forelimb on the unaffected side was either wrapped up with tape to force the use of the paretic forelimb in rats or not braked to allow bilateral forelimbs to participate in training. Daily training consisted of mesh drum training, balance beam training, and stick rolling training for a total of 40 minutes, once per day. Control rats received no training. At 14 days after functional training, rats receiving bilateral limb-training exhibited milder neurological impairment than that in the ipsilateral limb-training group or the control group. The number of nestin/glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive and nestin/microtubule-associated protein 2-positive cells in the peripheral infarct zone and in the corresponding cerebral region in the unaffected hemisphere was significantly higher in rats receiving bilateral limb-training than in rats receiving ipsilateral limb-training. These data suggest that bilateral limb-training can promote the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells in the bilateral hemispheres after cerebral infarction and accelerate the recovery of neurologic function. In addition, bilateral limb-training produces better therapeutic effects than ipsilateral limb-training.展开更多
Greenhouse vegetable cultivation(GVC)is an example of intensive agriculture aiming to increase crop yields by extending cultivation seasons and intensifying agricultural input.Compared with cropland,studies on the eff...Greenhouse vegetable cultivation(GVC)is an example of intensive agriculture aiming to increase crop yields by extending cultivation seasons and intensifying agricultural input.Compared with cropland,studies on the effects of farming management regimes on soil microorganisms of the GVC system are rare,and our knowledge is limited.In the present study,we assessed the impacts of different long-term fertilization regimes on soil fungal community structure changes in a greenhouse that has been applied in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)cultivation for 11 consecutive years.Results showed that,when taking the non-fertilizer treatment of CK as a benchmark,both treatments of Conventional chemical N(CN)and Organic amendment only(MNS)significantly decreased the fungal richness by 16%–17%,while the Conventional chemical N and straw management(CNS)restored soil biodiversity at the same level.Saprotroph and pathotroph were the major trophic modes,and the abundance of the pathotroph fungi in treatment of CNS was significantly lower than those in CK and CN soils.The CNS treatment has significantly altered the fungal composition of the consecutive cropping soils by reducing the pathogens,e.g.,Trichothecium and Lecanicillium,and enriching the plant-beneficial,e.g.,Schizothecium.The CNS treatment is of crucial importance for sustainable development of the GVC system.展开更多
Skull characteristics play an important role in the systematics of tailed salamanders, in this study, the skulls ofLiua shihi and L. tsinpaensis were compared using a clearing and double-staining technique. The result...Skull characteristics play an important role in the systematics of tailed salamanders, in this study, the skulls ofLiua shihi and L. tsinpaensis were compared using a clearing and double-staining technique. The results showed that in L. tsinpaensis, the vomerine tooth rows are in a ＂ ＂ shape, the length of the inner vomerine tooth series is nearly equal to that of the outer series, the vomerine tooth rows do not extend beyond the choanae, an ossified articular bone is absent, the basibranchial is rod shaped, the radial loops exhibit a figure-eight shape, the cornua has two cylindrical branches, the urohyal is rod shaped, and the end of the ceratohyal is not ossified; these features differ considerably from those of L. shihi. The ossification of the posterior portion of the ceratohyal and the present or absent of ossified articular might represent ecological adaptation to feeding in different environments.展开更多
Mechanical microenvironment can strongly affect the metastatic efficiency of circulating tumor cells.However,the effect of suspension state on their extravasation and the mechanisms involved are still unclear.To explo...Mechanical microenvironment can strongly affect the metastatic efficiency of circulating tumor cells.However,the effect of suspension state on their extravasation and the mechanisms involved are still unclear.To explore the influence of suspension state on extravasation(including adhesion,spreading and transendothelial migration)of breast tumor cells and its relevant molecular mechanism,MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)coated 6-well plates to minic the suspension state.Suspension state promoted adhesion,spreading and transendothelial migration of MDA-MB-231 cells to EAhy926 endothelial cells(ECs)monolayer under both the static condition and 0.5 dyne/cm^(2) flow shear stress(FSS).The number of cells adhered to ECs monolayer reached 2.15(static condition,3 d)and 1.67(FSS,3 d)times,and the number of migration reached 10.60 times,respectively,as compared to that in adhesion state.Moreover,MDA-MB-231 cells knockdown of integrin β1 provoked poor adhesion and transendothelial migration,as compared with MDA-MB-231 cells.But it made no difference in cell spreading.Our results implied the increasing expression of integrin β1 induced by suspension culture promoted the adhesion and transendothelial migration of MDA-MB-231 cells,but had no significant influence on their spreading.展开更多
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two methods in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with cabergoline and coasting. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (R...Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two methods in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with cabergoline and coasting. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Patients: Women were considered as have risk of OHSS undergoing fertility treatment. Interventions: Cabergoline, coasting. Result: There were included five RCT studies. The clinical pregnancy rate was no significantly difference between two groups (RR 1.22, 95% CI [0.86, 1.71]), implantation rate (RR 1.00, 95% CI [0.75, 1.32]), severe OHSS (RR 0.93, 95% CI [0.38, 2.31]), fertilization rate (SMD 0.70, 95% CI [-0.10, 1.50]), number of oocytes retrieved (SMD 0.80, 95% CI [0.30, 1.30]), number of embryo transfer (SMD-0.04, 95% CI [-0.24, 0.17]), E2 value on the day of HCG injection (SMD 0.21, 95% CI [-0.25, 0.68]), number of MII oocytes (SMD 0.71, 95% CI [0.32, 1.11]), abortion rate (RR 0.61, 95% CI [0.21, 1.83]), number of follicles > 17 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.01, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.24]), number of follicles 15 - 17 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.08, 95% CI [-0.33, 0.17]), number of follicles 10 - 14 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.06, 95% CI [-0.31, 0.19]). Conclusion: Both cabergoline and coasting prevent the occurrence of OHSS, but no statistically significant difference between them. Compared with coasting group, a daily dose of 0.5 mg cabergoline significantly increased the number of oocytes retrieved, MII oocytes, and fertilization rate, but decreased the abortion rate.展开更多
Advances in X-ray laser sources have paved the way to relativistic attosecond X-ray laser pulses and opened up the possibility of exploring highenergy-density physics with this technology.With particle-in-cell simulat...Advances in X-ray laser sources have paved the way to relativistic attosecond X-ray laser pulses and opened up the possibility of exploring highenergy-density physics with this technology.With particle-in-cell simulations,we investigate the interaction of realistic metal crystals with relativistic X-ray laser pulses of parameters that will be available in the near future.A wakefield of the order of TV/cm is excited in the crystal and accelerates trapped electrons stably even though the wakefield is locally modulated by the crystal lattice.Electron injection either occurs at the sharp crystal-vacuum boundary or is controlled by coating the crystal with a high-density film.High-repetition-rate attosecond(20 as)monoenergetic electron beams of energy 125 MeV,charge 100 fC,and emittance 1.6310−9mrad can be produced by shining MHz X-ray laser pulses of energy 2.1 mJ onto coated crystals several micrometers thick.Such a miniature crystal accelerator,which has high reproducibility and allows sufficient control of the parameters of the electron beams,greatly expands the applications of X-ray free electron lasers.For example,it could serve as an ideal electron source for ultrafast electron diffraction and ultrafast electron microscopy to achieve attosecond resolution.展开更多
Nanosilver/Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate sodium (AMPS)) composites were synthesized with sliver nitrate solution containing AMPS monomer in situ by microwave radiation without addition of any reducer. The...Nanosilver/Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate sodium (AMPS)) composites were synthesized with sliver nitrate solution containing AMPS monomer in situ by microwave radiation without addition of any reducer. The composites were characterized by means of UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, TEM and XPS respectively. The results show that silver nanoparticles are dispersed highly and homogeneously in PAMPS matrix and possessed face-centered cubic structure. The morphology of nanosilver particles is not affected by microwave treatment and AMPS polymerization. XPS analysis reveals that there is an interaction among silver nanoparticles with nitrogen atoms and carbonyl oxygen atoms from AMPS polymer. Thermoanalysis proves that thermal stability of the PAMPS nanocomposites is decreasing with silver nanoparticles dispersed in the composites. The mechanism of silver ion reduced to nanosilver particles catalysized by PAMPS under microwave is discussed.展开更多
Conspecific seagrass living in differing environments may develop different root system acclimation patterns.We applied X-ray computed tomography(CT)for imaging and quantifying roots systems of Zostera japonica collec...Conspecific seagrass living in differing environments may develop different root system acclimation patterns.We applied X-ray computed tomography(CT)for imaging and quantifying roots systems of Zostera japonica collected from typical oligotrophic and eutrophic sediments in two coastal sites of northern China,and determined sediment physicochemical properties that might influence root system morphology,density,and distribution.The trophic status of sediments had little influence on the Z.japonica root length,and diameters of root and rhizome.However,Z.japonica in oligotrophic sediment developed the root system with longer rhizome node,deeper rhizome distribution,and larger allocation to below-ground tissues in order to acquire more nutrients and relieve the N deficiency.And the lower root and rhizome densities of Z.japonica in eutrophic sediment were mainly caused by fewer shoots and shorter longevity,which was resulted from the more serious sulfide inhibition.Our results systematically revealed the effect of sediment trophic status on the phenotypic plasticity,quantity,and distribution of Z.japonica root system,and demonstrated the feasibly of X-ray CT in seagrass root system research.展开更多
In order to investigate the differences between agronomic traits of dwarf mutant and original material 260 and whether the cause of dwarf is related to GA synthesis or signaling pathway,this experiment used dwarf muta...In order to investigate the differences between agronomic traits of dwarf mutant and original material 260 and whether the cause of dwarf is related to GA synthesis or signaling pathway,this experiment used dwarf mutant 778 and its original material 260 as experimental materials.Morphological observation and determination were performed for agronomic traits on plant height,ear length,internode length,internode number,seed length,seed width and number of seeds in different growth periods and different concentrations.The plants were treated by GA spraying,and the changes of plant height,root length,stem width,leaf length and leaf width were measured.The results are as follows:①The plant height of the dwarf mutant material was significantly different from that of the original high material,which was mainly caused by the difference between above-ground basal part and the length of the first and second elongation joints.②Comparing and analyzing the differences of traits between dwarf mutant material 778 and original high material 260,it was found that the plant height,ear length,internode number,grain number per ear and internode length of dwarf mutant 778 were significantly lower than that of high stalk 260(P<0.01),and the seed length of dwarf mutant 778 was significantly higher than that of high stalk 260(P<0.05).③Different concentrations of gibberellin(0,50,100,200 mg/L)had no significant effect on plant height and root length of dwarf mutant 778(P>0.05).Different concentrations of gibberellin had significant effects on plant height,root length and sensitivity coefficient of high stalk 260(P<0.05).And compared with the control group,all high materials 260 treated with different concentrations of gibberellin performed differently in plant morphology and growth potential.④Under the conditions of 100 and 200 mg/L GA,the difference of plant height between the dwarf mutant and the high stalk control decreased with time,and there was no difference at the end.There were no differences in sensitivity coefficient GRI between different concentrations of gibberellin treatment groups,indicating that the external gibberellin could restore the scorpion dwarf mutant to the original high stalk,and the gene that causes the mutation might be related with the gibberellin synthesis pathway.展开更多
The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 3...The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.展开更多
Low-intensity light beams carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM),commonly known as vortex beams,have garnered significant attention due to promising applications in areas ranging from optical trapping to communication...Low-intensity light beams carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM),commonly known as vortex beams,have garnered significant attention due to promising applications in areas ranging from optical trapping to communication.In recent years,there has been a surge in global research exploring the potential of high-intensity vortex laser beams and specifically their interactions with plasmas.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in this area.Compared with conventional laser beams,intense vortex beams exhibit unique properties such as twisted phase fronts,OAM delivery,hollow intensity distribution,and spatially isolated longitudinal fields.These distinct characteristics give rise to a multitude of rich phenomena,profoundly influencing laser-plasma interactions and offering diverse applications.The paper also discusses future prospects and identifies promising general research areas involving vortex beams.These areas include low-divergence particle acceleration,instability suppression,high-energy photon delivery with OAM,and the generation of strong magnetic fields.With growing scientific interest and application potential,the study of intense vortex lasers is poised for rapid development in the coming years.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 30900138, 31471971)
文摘Sexual dimorphism in size and shape is common in many organisms, and is a key evolutionary feature. In this study, we analyzed morphometric data of the Jilin clawed salamander Onychodactylus zhangyapingi, an endemic Chinese salamander, to examine sexual size and shape dimorphism. The morphometric data included 14 characteristics of 13 females and 11 males and was analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods. Our results showed that sexual dimorphism occurs not only in body size, but also in body shape. Males have a longer snout-vent length than females, a rarely reported pattern of male-biased sexual size dimorphism. Females have a larger space between the axilla and groin than males, while males have longer and larger tails compared to females. The sexual dimorphism in body size and shape can be explained by existing theories, but there is little data for the mating system, behavior, reproduction, or ecology of O. zhangyapingi, so further studies are required.
基金Chongqing Professional Talents Plan,Grant/Award Number:cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0048Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2022CDJYGRH-001Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China,Grant/Award Number:CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1150。
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is strongly associated with a height-ened incidence of lymphomas.To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection,animal models have been developed.These models serve as valuable tools to inves-tigate disease pathobiology,assess antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs,ex-plore viral reservoirs,and develop eradication strategies.However,there are currently no validated in vivo models of HIV-associated lymphoma(HAL),hampering progress in this crucial domain,and scant attention has been given to developing animal models dedicated to studying HAL,despite their pivotal role in advancing knowledge.This re-view provides a comprehensive overview of the existing animal models of HAL,which may enhance our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and approaches for malignancies linked to HIV infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272316)Beijing Innovation Team of Livestock Industry Technology System(BAIC05-2022)Guangxi Science and Technology Project(AD20297088).
文摘Nutrients in human milk,including minerals,relate growth and development of breast-fed infants.Tibetan mother-infant dyads possess unique characteristics on early nutrition due to their featured long-lasting lifestyle.This study longitudinally investigated the relationship between the mineral composition in human milk and the Z-scores of infants among Tibetan mother-infant dyads during their first 6 months postpartum through a prospective cohort study.The results show that the minerals of Na,Mg,K,Ca,Cu,Zn,and Se were of higher levels in colostrum than other lactation stages.Several minerals were below the recommended values for infants according to Chinese dietary guidelines.Besides,a large proportion of infant Z-scores were below-2 as lactation period continued.Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that classifications and correlations in varying degrees were observed between minerals in human milk and infant Z-scores.These findings will be advantageous for research upon Chinese early nutrition and progress of tailor-made infant formula.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60874021, 60674046)Natural Science Foundation from JiangsuProvince (No.BK2007061)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation from Jiangsu Provincial Department for Education (No.06KJB120088)Research Fundfor Doctoral Program of Nantong University (No.07B14).
文摘This paper deals with the stochastic stability of networked control systems with the presence of network- induced delay and transmitted data dropout. Based on the Lyapunov approach, sufficient conditions for the mean-square stability of the networked control system are derived subject that the sequence of transmission interval is driven by an identically independently distributed sequence and by a finite state Markov chain, respectively. Stabilization controllers are constructed in terms of linear matrix inequalities correspondingly. An example is provided to illustrate our results.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371703 and 31570289)
文摘Regulation of flowering is one of the key issues in crop yield. The Floiuering Loews T(FT) gene is a well-known florigen, which integrates various signals from multiple flowering-regulation pathways to initiate flowering. We previously reported that there are at least six FT genes(GmFTLl-6) in soybean displaying flowering activity. However, the individual functions of genes GmFTLl-6 remain to be identified. In this study, we cloned the GmFTL2 promoter(GmFTLpro) from soybean(Glycine max) cultivar Tianlong 1 and analyzed its motifs bioinformatically and its expression patterns using both a transgenic approach and quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR). In GmFTLpro::GUS transgenic lines, GUS signals were enriched in cotyledons, hypocotyledons, pollen, embryos, and root tips in a photoperiod-independent manner. qRT-PCR confirmed the GUS reporter results. Our results suggest that GmFTL2 expression is regulated by developmental and tissue-specific clues and plays roles in seedling establishment and the development of micro game tophytes, embryos, and roots.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0404803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11922515,11935008,11335013,and 12035002).
文摘Laser–plasma instability(LPI)is one of the main obstacles to achieving predictable and reproducible fusion at high gain through laser-driven inertial confinement fusion(ICF).In this paper,for the first time,we show analytically and confirm with three-dimensional particle-incell simulations that angular incoherence provides suppression of the instability growth rate that is additional to and much stronger than that provided by the well-known temporal and spatial incoherence usually used in ICF studies.For the model used in our calculations,the maximum field ratio between the stimulated Raman scattering and the driving pulses drops from 0.2 for a Laguerre–Gaussian pulse with a single nonzero topological charge to 0.05 for a super light spring with an angular momentum spread and random relative phases.In particular,angular incoherence does not introduce extra undesirable hot electrons.This provides a novel method for suppressing LPI by using light with an angular momentum spread and paves the way towards a low-LPI laser system for inertial fusion energy with a super light spring of incoherence in all dimensions of time,space,and angle,and may open the door to the use of longer-wavelength lasers for inertial fusion energy.
文摘We investigated the effects of ipsilateral versus bilateral limb-training on promotion of endogenous neural stem cells in the peripheral infarct zone and the corresponding cerebral region in the unaffected hemisphere of rats with cerebral infarction. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in Wistar rats. The rat forelimb on the unaffected side was either wrapped up with tape to force the use of the paretic forelimb in rats or not braked to allow bilateral forelimbs to participate in training. Daily training consisted of mesh drum training, balance beam training, and stick rolling training for a total of 40 minutes, once per day. Control rats received no training. At 14 days after functional training, rats receiving bilateral limb-training exhibited milder neurological impairment than that in the ipsilateral limb-training group or the control group. The number of nestin/glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive and nestin/microtubule-associated protein 2-positive cells in the peripheral infarct zone and in the corresponding cerebral region in the unaffected hemisphere was significantly higher in rats receiving bilateral limb-training than in rats receiving ipsilateral limb-training. These data suggest that bilateral limb-training can promote the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells in the bilateral hemispheres after cerebral infarction and accelerate the recovery of neurologic function. In addition, bilateral limb-training produces better therapeutic effects than ipsilateral limb-training.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2019JZZY0110721)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31600084)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFD0800403).
文摘Greenhouse vegetable cultivation(GVC)is an example of intensive agriculture aiming to increase crop yields by extending cultivation seasons and intensifying agricultural input.Compared with cropland,studies on the effects of farming management regimes on soil microorganisms of the GVC system are rare,and our knowledge is limited.In the present study,we assessed the impacts of different long-term fertilization regimes on soil fungal community structure changes in a greenhouse that has been applied in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)cultivation for 11 consecutive years.Results showed that,when taking the non-fertilizer treatment of CK as a benchmark,both treatments of Conventional chemical N(CN)and Organic amendment only(MNS)significantly decreased the fungal richness by 16%–17%,while the Conventional chemical N and straw management(CNS)restored soil biodiversity at the same level.Saprotroph and pathotroph were the major trophic modes,and the abundance of the pathotroph fungi in treatment of CNS was significantly lower than those in CK and CN soils.The CNS treatment has significantly altered the fungal composition of the consecutive cropping soils by reducing the pathogens,e.g.,Trichothecium and Lecanicillium,and enriching the plant-beneficial,e.g.,Schizothecium.The CNS treatment is of crucial importance for sustainable development of the GVC system.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 30900138,31471971)
文摘Skull characteristics play an important role in the systematics of tailed salamanders, in this study, the skulls ofLiua shihi and L. tsinpaensis were compared using a clearing and double-staining technique. The results showed that in L. tsinpaensis, the vomerine tooth rows are in a ＂ ＂ shape, the length of the inner vomerine tooth series is nearly equal to that of the outer series, the vomerine tooth rows do not extend beyond the choanae, an ossified articular bone is absent, the basibranchial is rod shaped, the radial loops exhibit a figure-eight shape, the cornua has two cylindrical branches, the urohyal is rod shaped, and the end of the ceratohyal is not ossified; these features differ considerably from those of L. shihi. The ossification of the posterior portion of the ceratohyal and the present or absent of ossified articular might represent ecological adaptation to feeding in different environments.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11672051)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2018CDQYSG0015).
文摘Mechanical microenvironment can strongly affect the metastatic efficiency of circulating tumor cells.However,the effect of suspension state on their extravasation and the mechanisms involved are still unclear.To explore the influence of suspension state on extravasation(including adhesion,spreading and transendothelial migration)of breast tumor cells and its relevant molecular mechanism,MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)coated 6-well plates to minic the suspension state.Suspension state promoted adhesion,spreading and transendothelial migration of MDA-MB-231 cells to EAhy926 endothelial cells(ECs)monolayer under both the static condition and 0.5 dyne/cm^(2) flow shear stress(FSS).The number of cells adhered to ECs monolayer reached 2.15(static condition,3 d)and 1.67(FSS,3 d)times,and the number of migration reached 10.60 times,respectively,as compared to that in adhesion state.Moreover,MDA-MB-231 cells knockdown of integrin β1 provoked poor adhesion and transendothelial migration,as compared with MDA-MB-231 cells.But it made no difference in cell spreading.Our results implied the increasing expression of integrin β1 induced by suspension culture promoted the adhesion and transendothelial migration of MDA-MB-231 cells,but had no significant influence on their spreading.
文摘Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two methods in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with cabergoline and coasting. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Patients: Women were considered as have risk of OHSS undergoing fertility treatment. Interventions: Cabergoline, coasting. Result: There were included five RCT studies. The clinical pregnancy rate was no significantly difference between two groups (RR 1.22, 95% CI [0.86, 1.71]), implantation rate (RR 1.00, 95% CI [0.75, 1.32]), severe OHSS (RR 0.93, 95% CI [0.38, 2.31]), fertilization rate (SMD 0.70, 95% CI [-0.10, 1.50]), number of oocytes retrieved (SMD 0.80, 95% CI [0.30, 1.30]), number of embryo transfer (SMD-0.04, 95% CI [-0.24, 0.17]), E2 value on the day of HCG injection (SMD 0.21, 95% CI [-0.25, 0.68]), number of MII oocytes (SMD 0.71, 95% CI [0.32, 1.11]), abortion rate (RR 0.61, 95% CI [0.21, 1.83]), number of follicles > 17 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.01, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.24]), number of follicles 15 - 17 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.08, 95% CI [-0.33, 0.17]), number of follicles 10 - 14 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.06, 95% CI [-0.31, 0.19]). Conclusion: Both cabergoline and coasting prevent the occurrence of OHSS, but no statistically significant difference between them. Compared with coasting group, a daily dose of 0.5 mg cabergoline significantly increased the number of oocytes retrieved, MII oocytes, and fertilization rate, but decreased the abortion rate.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(Grant Nos.2018YFA0404803 and 2016YFA0401102)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11935008).
文摘Advances in X-ray laser sources have paved the way to relativistic attosecond X-ray laser pulses and opened up the possibility of exploring highenergy-density physics with this technology.With particle-in-cell simulations,we investigate the interaction of realistic metal crystals with relativistic X-ray laser pulses of parameters that will be available in the near future.A wakefield of the order of TV/cm is excited in the crystal and accelerates trapped electrons stably even though the wakefield is locally modulated by the crystal lattice.Electron injection either occurs at the sharp crystal-vacuum boundary or is controlled by coating the crystal with a high-density film.High-repetition-rate attosecond(20 as)monoenergetic electron beams of energy 125 MeV,charge 100 fC,and emittance 1.6310−9mrad can be produced by shining MHz X-ray laser pulses of energy 2.1 mJ onto coated crystals several micrometers thick.Such a miniature crystal accelerator,which has high reproducibility and allows sufficient control of the parameters of the electron beams,greatly expands the applications of X-ray free electron lasers.For example,it could serve as an ideal electron source for ultrafast electron diffraction and ultrafast electron microscopy to achieve attosecond resolution.
文摘Nanosilver/Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate sodium (AMPS)) composites were synthesized with sliver nitrate solution containing AMPS monomer in situ by microwave radiation without addition of any reducer. The composites were characterized by means of UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, TEM and XPS respectively. The results show that silver nanoparticles are dispersed highly and homogeneously in PAMPS matrix and possessed face-centered cubic structure. The morphology of nanosilver particles is not affected by microwave treatment and AMPS polymerization. XPS analysis reveals that there is an interaction among silver nanoparticles with nitrogen atoms and carbonyl oxygen atoms from AMPS polymer. Thermoanalysis proves that thermal stability of the PAMPS nanocomposites is decreasing with silver nanoparticles dispersed in the composites. The mechanism of silver ion reduced to nanosilver particles catalysized by PAMPS under microwave is discussed.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFD0900901,2019YFD0901300)the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,MNR(Nos.JG1906,JG1616,JG1910)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41606192/41176140,41706125,41806136)the National Science&Technology Basic Work Program of China(No.2015FY110600)the Key Projects of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research,Ministry of Education,China(No.18JZD059)the Zhejiang Qingshan Lake Innovation Platform for Marine Science and Technology(No.2017E80001)the Project of Long-term Observation and Research Plan in the Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent East China Sea(No.LORCE,14282)。
文摘Conspecific seagrass living in differing environments may develop different root system acclimation patterns.We applied X-ray computed tomography(CT)for imaging and quantifying roots systems of Zostera japonica collected from typical oligotrophic and eutrophic sediments in two coastal sites of northern China,and determined sediment physicochemical properties that might influence root system morphology,density,and distribution.The trophic status of sediments had little influence on the Z.japonica root length,and diameters of root and rhizome.However,Z.japonica in oligotrophic sediment developed the root system with longer rhizome node,deeper rhizome distribution,and larger allocation to below-ground tissues in order to acquire more nutrients and relieve the N deficiency.And the lower root and rhizome densities of Z.japonica in eutrophic sediment were mainly caused by fewer shoots and shorter longevity,which was resulted from the more serious sulfide inhibition.Our results systematically revealed the effect of sediment trophic status on the phenotypic plasticity,quantity,and distribution of Z.japonica root system,and demonstrated the feasibly of X-ray CT in seagrass root system research.
基金Supported by Project of Hebei Province Department of Science and Technology(17396310D).
文摘In order to investigate the differences between agronomic traits of dwarf mutant and original material 260 and whether the cause of dwarf is related to GA synthesis or signaling pathway,this experiment used dwarf mutant 778 and its original material 260 as experimental materials.Morphological observation and determination were performed for agronomic traits on plant height,ear length,internode length,internode number,seed length,seed width and number of seeds in different growth periods and different concentrations.The plants were treated by GA spraying,and the changes of plant height,root length,stem width,leaf length and leaf width were measured.The results are as follows:①The plant height of the dwarf mutant material was significantly different from that of the original high material,which was mainly caused by the difference between above-ground basal part and the length of the first and second elongation joints.②Comparing and analyzing the differences of traits between dwarf mutant material 778 and original high material 260,it was found that the plant height,ear length,internode number,grain number per ear and internode length of dwarf mutant 778 were significantly lower than that of high stalk 260(P<0.01),and the seed length of dwarf mutant 778 was significantly higher than that of high stalk 260(P<0.05).③Different concentrations of gibberellin(0,50,100,200 mg/L)had no significant effect on plant height and root length of dwarf mutant 778(P>0.05).Different concentrations of gibberellin had significant effects on plant height,root length and sensitivity coefficient of high stalk 260(P<0.05).And compared with the control group,all high materials 260 treated with different concentrations of gibberellin performed differently in plant morphology and growth potential.④Under the conditions of 100 and 200 mg/L GA,the difference of plant height between the dwarf mutant and the high stalk control decreased with time,and there was no difference at the end.There were no differences in sensitivity coefficient GRI between different concentrations of gibberellin treatment groups,indicating that the external gibberellin could restore the scorpion dwarf mutant to the original high stalk,and the gene that causes the mutation might be related with the gibberellin synthesis pathway.
基金support from diverse funding sources,including the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),Yifang Wang's Science Studio of the Ten Thousand Talents Project,the CAS Key Foreign Cooperation Grant,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,the CAS Focused Science Grant,the IHEP Innovation Grant,the CAS Lead Special Training Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,the CAS International Partnership Program,and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.
文摘The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.
基金the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12322513)the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11935008)+3 种基金USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class InitiativeCAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR060)Newton International Fellowshipssupported by the US DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences(Grant No.DE-SC0023423)。
文摘Low-intensity light beams carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM),commonly known as vortex beams,have garnered significant attention due to promising applications in areas ranging from optical trapping to communication.In recent years,there has been a surge in global research exploring the potential of high-intensity vortex laser beams and specifically their interactions with plasmas.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in this area.Compared with conventional laser beams,intense vortex beams exhibit unique properties such as twisted phase fronts,OAM delivery,hollow intensity distribution,and spatially isolated longitudinal fields.These distinct characteristics give rise to a multitude of rich phenomena,profoundly influencing laser-plasma interactions and offering diverse applications.The paper also discusses future prospects and identifies promising general research areas involving vortex beams.These areas include low-divergence particle acceleration,instability suppression,high-energy photon delivery with OAM,and the generation of strong magnetic fields.With growing scientific interest and application potential,the study of intense vortex lasers is poised for rapid development in the coming years.
