Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a global health concern.The current sequen-tial endpoints for the treatment of HBV infection include viral suppression,hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)seroconversion,functional cure,and ...Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a global health concern.The current sequen-tial endpoints for the treatment of HBV infection include viral suppression,hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)seroconversion,functional cure,and covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)clearance.Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen(HBcrAg)is an emerging HBV marker comprising three components:HBeAg,hepatitis B core antigen,and p22cr.It responds well to the transcriptional activity of cccDNA in the patient's liver and is a promising alternative marker for serolo-gical testing.There is a strong correlation,and a decrease in its level corresponds to sustained viral suppression.In patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB),serum HBcrAg levels are good predictors of HBeAg seroconversion(both spontaneous and after antiviral therapy),particularly in HBeAg-positive patients.Both low baseline HBcrAg levels and decreasing levels early in antiviral therapy favored HBsAg seroconversion,which may serve as a good surrogate option for treatment endpoints.In this review,we summarize the role of serum HBcrAg in the treat-ment of CHB.Therefore,long-term continuous monitoring of serum HBcrAg levels contributes to the clinical management of patients with CHB and optimizes the choice of treatment regimen,making it a promising marker for monitoring HBV cure.展开更多
Ginsenoside Rg1（Rg1） has anti-aging and anti-neurodegenerative effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these actions remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Rg1 affects hippocampal ...Ginsenoside Rg1（Rg1） has anti-aging and anti-neurodegenerative effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these actions remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Rg1 affects hippocampal survival and neurite outgrowth in vitro after exposure to amyloid-beta peptide fragment 25–35（Aβ_（25–35））, and to explore whether the extracellular signal-regulated kinase（ERK） and Akt signaling pathways are involved in these biological processes. We cultured hippocampal neurons from newborn rats for 24 hours, then added Rg1 to the medium for another 24 hours, with or without pharmacological inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） family or Akt signaling pathways for a further 24 hours. We then immunostained the neurons for growth associated protein-43, and measured neurite length. In a separate experiment, we exposed cultured hippocampal neurons to Aβ_（25–35） for 30 minutes, before adding Rg1 for 48 hours, with or without Akt or MAPK inhibitors, and assessed neuronal survival using Hoechst 33258 staining, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt by western blot analysis. Rg1 induced neurite outgrowth, and this effect was blocked by API-2（Akt inhibitor） and PD98059（MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor）, but not by SP600125 or SB203580（inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, respectively）. Consistent with this effect, Rg1 upregulated the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2; these effects were reversed by API-2 and PD98059, respectively. In addition, Rg1 significantly reversed Aβ_（25–35）-induced apoptosis; this effect was blocked by API-2 and PD98059, but not by SP600125 or SB203580. Finally, Rg1 significantly reversed the Aβ_（25–35）-induced decrease in Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but API-2 prevented this reversal. Our results indicate that Rg1 enhances neurite outgrowth and protects against Aβ_（25–35）-induced damage, and that its mechanism may involve the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 signaling.展开更多
Background In China,lack of evidence remains a significant challenge for the national initiative to promote physical activity(PA).We aimed to quantify the beneficial effects of meeting or maintaining the recommended P...Background In China,lack of evidence remains a significant challenge for the national initiative to promote physical activity(PA).We aimed to quantify the beneficial effects of meeting or maintaining the recommended PA level[150 minutes per week(min/wk)of moderate PA or 75 min/wk of vigorous PA or an equivalent combination]on incident cardiovascular disease(CVD)among Chinese population.Methods We included 100,560 participants without history of CVD from three cohorts in the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR)project.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for CVD events and its subtypes,including stroke,coronary heart disease,heart failure,and CVD death.Results During a median follow-up of 7.3 years(range:6–15 years),777,163 person-years and 4693 incident CVD events were observed.Compared with participants who were inactive at baseline,the multivariable adjusted HR(95%CI)of developing CVD was 0.74(0.69–0.79)for those who met recommended moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA)level at baseline.Furthermore,the risk of CVD incidence was reduced with increment of MVPA(Ptrend<0.001),and the HR(95%CI)of highly-active versus inactive category was 0.62(0.56–0.68).Compared with individuals who were inactive both at the baseline and follow-up,those keeping active over the period of follow-up had a substantial lower risk of incident CVD with the HR(95%CI)of 0.57(0.43–0.77).Conclusions The findings demonstrated that meeting and maintaining the recommended MVPA level could reduce the cardiovascular risk.Wider adoption of the PA recommendations would have considerable health impacts to the Chinese population.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has long been a critical public health challenge in China. National surveys revealed a prevalence of approximate 10% for chronic HBV infection in general population. HBV has been the ...Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has long been a critical public health challenge in China. National surveys revealed a prevalence of approximate 10% for chronic HBV infection in general population. HBV has been the leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancers in Chinese population and a common pathogen of acute viral hepatitis. Meanwhile, the epidemic provided important opportunities to research the natural history, public health impact, and therapeutic and preventive interventions for HBV in China. In this review, we summarized the selected key epidemiological studies since 1970s regarding HBV infection and its associated liver diseases in China, and provided considerations for future research, prevention and treatment of HBV.展开更多
Background The incidence of coronary heart disease （CHD） is higher in Northern than that in Southern China, however differences in traditional CHD risk factors do not fully explain this. No study has examined the di...Background The incidence of coronary heart disease （CHD） is higher in Northern than that in Southern China, however differences in traditional CHD risk factors do not fully explain this. No study has examined the differences in subclinical atherosclerosis that may help explain the differences in incidence. This study examined these differences in subclinical atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography （CT） for calcification between the Northern and Southern China. Methods We selected a random sample of participants in a large multi-center ongoing epidemiologic study for coronary calcium scanning in one northern city （North） （Beijing, n = 49） and in two southern cities （South） （Shanghai, n = 50, and Guangzhou, n = 50）. Participants from the three field centers （mean age 67 years） underwent coronary risk factor evaluation and cardiac CT scanning for coronary calcium measurement using the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis scanning protocol. Results Adjusted log-transformed coronary artery calcium score in North China （Beijing） was 3.1 ±0.4 and in South China （Shanghai and Guangzhou） was 2.2 ＋_ 0.3 （P = 0.04）. Mean calcium score for the northern city of Beijing was three times higher than that of the southern city of Guangzhou （P = 0.01） and 2.5 times higher than for the southern city of Shanghai （P = 0.03）. Conclusions The extent of subclinical atherosclerosis is significantly higher in the northern city of Beijing than that in the two southern cities of Guangzhou and Shanghai, even after adjusting for standard cardiac risk factors. This finding suggests that standard risk factors do not fully explain north south differences in clinical CHD incidence.展开更多
OBJECTIVES Moderate to vigorous physical activity is recommended to prevent hypertension according to the current guidelines.However,the degree to which the total physical activity(TPA)and its changes benefit normoten...OBJECTIVES Moderate to vigorous physical activity is recommended to prevent hypertension according to the current guidelines.However,the degree to which the total physical activity(TPA)and its changes benefit normotensives and hypertensives is uncertain.We aimed to examine the effects of TPA and its changes on the incidence,progression,and remission of hypertension in the large-scale prospective cohorts.METHODS A total of 73,077 participants(55,101 normotensives and 17,976 hypertensives)were eligible for TPA analyses.During a mean follow-up of 7.16 years(394,038 person-years),12,211 hypertension cases were identified.TPA was estimated as metabolic equivalents and categorized into quartiles.Cox proportional hazards regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate associations of TPA and changes in TPA with incident hypertension and progression/remission of hypertension.RESULTS Compared with the lowest quartile of TPA,normotensives at the third and the highest quartile had a decreased risk of incident hypertension,with hazard ratios(HRs)of 0.86[95%confidence interval(CI):0.81−0.91]and 0.81(95%CI:0.77−0.86),respectively.Hypertensives at the highest quartile of TPA demonstrated a decreased risk of progression of hypertension[odds ratio(OR)=0.87,95%CI:0.79−0.95],and an increased probability of hypertension remission(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.05−1.29).Moreover,getting active from a sedentary lifestyle during the follow-up period could reduce 25%(HR=0.75,95%CI:0.58−0.96)risk of incident hypertension,whereas those becoming sedentary did not achieve benefit from initially being active.CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that increasing and maintaining TPA levels could benefit normotensives,whereas higher TPA levels were needed to effectively control progression and improve remission of hypertension.Physical activity played undoubtedly an essential role in both primary and secondary prevention of hypertension.展开更多
Objectives To investigate the positive rate of different hepatitis B virus （HBV） serological markers, and the demographic factors related to HBV infection. Methods We enrolled all patients tested for HBV serologica...Objectives To investigate the positive rate of different hepatitis B virus （HBV） serological markers, and the demographic factors related to HBV infection. Methods We enrolled all patients tested for HBV serological markers, such as HBV surface antigen （HBsAg）, HBV surface antibody （HBsAb）, hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg）, hepatitis B e antibody （HBeAb）, HBV core antibody （HBcAb）, and HBV-DNA from July 2008 to July 2009 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The positive rate of each HBV serological marker was calculated according to gender, age, and department, respectively. The positive rates of HBV-DNA among patients with positive HBsAg were also analyzed. Results Among 27 409 samples included, 2681 （9.8%） were HBsAg positive. When patients were divided into 9 age groups, the age-specific positive rate of HBsAg was 1.2%, 9.6%, 12.3%, 10.9%, 10.3%, 9.7%, 8.0%, 5.8%, and 4.3%, respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg in non-surgical department, surgical department, and health examination center was 16.2%, 5.8%, and 4.7%, respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg of males （13.3%） was higher than that of females （7.3%, P=0.000）. Among the 2681 HBsAg （＋） patients, 1230 （45.9%） had HBV-DNA test, of whom 564 （45.9%） were positive. Patients with HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋）, and HBcAg （＋） result usually had high positive rate of HBV-DNA results （71.8%, P=0.000）. Conclusions Among this group of patients in our hospital, the positive rate of HBsAg was relatively high. Age group of 20-29, males, and patients in non-surgical departments were factors associated with high positive rate of HBsAg.展开更多
BACKGROUND The benefits of healthy lifestyles are well recognized. However, the extent to which improving unhealthy lifestyles reduces cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk needs to be discussed. We evaluated the impact of...BACKGROUND The benefits of healthy lifestyles are well recognized. However, the extent to which improving unhealthy lifestyles reduces cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk needs to be discussed. We evaluated the impact of lifestyle improvement on CVD incidence using data from the China-PAR project(Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China).METHODS A total of 12,588 participants free of CVD were followed up for three visits after the baseline examination. Changes in four lifestyle factors(LFs)(smoking, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) were assessed through questionnaires from the baseline to the first follow-up visit. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs). The risk advancement periods(RAPs: the age difference between exposed and unexposed participants reaching the same incident CVD risk) and population-attributable risk percentage(PAR%) were also calculated.RESULTS A total of 909 incident CVD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 11.14 years. Compared with maintaining 0-1healthy LFs, maintaining 3–4 healthy LFs was associated with a 40% risk reduction of incident CVD(HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45–0.79)and delayed CVD risk by 6.31 years(RAP:-6.31 [-9.92,-2.70] years). The PAR% of maintaining 3–4 unhealthy LFs was 22.0%compared to maintaining 0-1 unhealthy LFs. Besides, compared with maintaining two healthy LFs, improving healthy LFs from 2to 3–4 was associated with a 23% lower risk of CVD(HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60–0.98).CONCLUSIONS Long-term sustenance of healthy lifestyles or improving unhealthy lifestyles can reduce and delay CVD risk.展开更多
A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) based on an electro-optical intensity modulation scheme is currently under development at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser to meet the high-resolution requirements for bunch st...A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) based on an electro-optical intensity modulation scheme is currently under development at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser to meet the high-resolution requirements for bunch stability. The BAM uses a radio frequency signal generated by a pickup cavity to modulate the reference laser pulses in an electro-optical intensity modulator(EOM), and the bunch arrival-time information is derived from the amplitude change of the laser pulse after laser pulse modulation.EOM is a key optical component in the BAM system.Through the basic principle analysis of BAM, many parameters of the EOM are observed to affect the measurement resolution of the BAM system. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the EOM is crucial. In this paper, we present two schemes to compare and analyze an EOM and provide a reference for selecting a new version of the EOM.展开更多
A balanced optical microwave phase detector(BOMPD) based on a 3 × 3 coupler is presented. This system was developed to extract ultra-low-jitter microwave signals from optical pulse trains emitted by mode-locked E...A balanced optical microwave phase detector(BOMPD) based on a 3 × 3 coupler is presented. This system was developed to extract ultra-low-jitter microwave signals from optical pulse trains emitted by mode-locked Er-fiber lasers, and synchronized microwave and laser systems. We demonstrate that the BOMPD achieves a precision of synchronization of less than 100 femtosecond of timing jitter. The experimental setup can be applied to the soft X-ray free-electron laser located on the campus of the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility. A microwave signal with a 2.856 GHz frequency is extracted from a238 MHz mode-locked Er-laser, with an absolute timing jitter of 34 fs in the 10 Hz–10 MHz frequency offset range.In addition, the microwave and 238 MHz optical pulse signals are synchronized with a relative timing jitter of16 fs at the same frequency offset range.展开更多
A new magnetic mesoporous As(Ⅲ)adsorbent of Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@Ce-ZrO_(2)was prepared by solvothermal and sol^(-)gel method.The core-shell adsorbent presented a high specific surface area(168.2 m^(2)/g)and fast magn...A new magnetic mesoporous As(Ⅲ)adsorbent of Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@Ce-ZrO_(2)was prepared by solvothermal and sol^(-)gel method.The core-shell adsorbent presented a high specific surface area(168.2 m^(2)/g)and fast magnetic separation performance(5.37 A·m^(2)/kg).Compared with Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@ZrO_(2),the Ce-doped sample exhibited 12%-23%increase in As(Ⅲ)uptake over p H 3-11,which was mainly attributed to the formation of bimetal M—O—As complexes.The coexisted SO^_(4)(2-)and PO^_(4)(3-)weakened As(Ⅲ)adsorption,Ca^(2+)worked oppositely,but the impact of Cl^(-)and NO_(3)^(-)was negligible.The As(Ⅲ)maximum adsorption capacity was 24.52 mg/g at 313 K with an initial As(Ⅲ)concentration of 5 mg/L at pH 7,and its kinetics was well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model.Moreover,the adsorbent exhibited remarkable recyclability.It is suggested that Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@Ce-ZrO_(2)is a promising adsorbent for the advanced treatment of As(Ⅲ)contaminated wastewater.展开更多
Objective To investigate the infection rate of hepatitis C virus among the ambulatory patients and in-patients of a tertiary teaching hospital,and study the demographic factors related to the prevalence of hepatitis C...Objective To investigate the infection rate of hepatitis C virus among the ambulatory patients and in-patients of a tertiary teaching hospital,and study the demographic factors related to the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection.Methods All patients tested for hepatitis C virus antibody from July 2008 to July 2009 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this cross-sectional analysis.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection was compared according to age,gender,and departments,respectively.Among patients with positive serology hepatitis C virus marker,the positivity of hepatitis C virus RNA was analysed.Results Among 29 896 subjects included,the hepatitis C virus antibody of 494 patients were positive(1.7%).When patients were divided into 9 age groups,the age specific prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody were0.2%,1.7%,1.2%,1.1%,1.5%,1.9%,2.6%,2.4%and 2%,respectively.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in non-surgical department and surgical department was 3%and 1%,respectively.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody of males was higher than that of the females.Total of 194 patients with positive hepatitis C virus antibody were tested for hepatitis C virus RNA,the RNA level of 113 patients(58.2%)were higher than the low detection limit.Conclusions The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody was relatively high among patients of general tertiary hospital.Age group of 60-69,males and patients in non-surgical departments were factors associated with high rate of hepatitis C virus infection.展开更多
The demand for energy-efficient and environmental-friendly power grid construction has made the exploitation of bio-based electrical epoxy resins with excellent properties increasingly important.This work developed th...The demand for energy-efficient and environmental-friendly power grid construction has made the exploitation of bio-based electrical epoxy resins with excellent properties increasingly important.This work developed the bio-based electrotechnical epoxy resins based on magnolol.High-performance epoxy resin(DGEMT)with a double crosslinked points and its composites(Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEMT)were obtained taking advantages of the two bifunctional groups(allyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups)of magnolol.Benefitting from the distinctive structure of DGEMT,the Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEMT composites exhibited the advantages of intrinsically high thermal conductivity,high insulation,and low dielectric loss.The AC breakdown strength and thermal conductivity of Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEMT composites were 35.5 kV/mm and 1.19 W·m-1·K-1,respectively,which were 15.6%and 52.6%higher than those of petroleum-based composites(Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEBA).And its dielectric loss tanδ=0.0046 was 20.7%lower than that of Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEBA.Furthermore,the mechanical,thermal and processing properties of Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEMT are fully comparable to those of Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEBA.This work confirms the feasibility of manufacturing environmentally friendly power equipment using bio-based epoxy resins,which has excellent engineering applications.展开更多
It is of great significance to design epoxy coatings with superior antibacterial properties and high adhesive properties, as well as excellent processing, superior durability, and high transparency. However, it is sti...It is of great significance to design epoxy coatings with superior antibacterial properties and high adhesive properties, as well as excellent processing, superior durability, and high transparency. However, it is still a challenge because of the common complex design and synthesis. Herein, the bio-based monomer protocatechuic acid(PCA) was used as raw material, the catechol structure with high bonding and antibacterial properties was introduced into the flexible alkane segment of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether(EGDE) through an efficient, and green method, and it was cured with isophorone diamine(IPDA) to prepare corresponding thermosets. The cured resins exhibited excellent allaround qualities, particularly in bonding and antibacterial. When 30% PCA was added to pure epoxy resin, the adhesion between substrate and coating increased from 4.40 MPa to 13.60 MPa and the antibacterial rate of coating against E. coli and S. aureus could approach 100%. All of this is due to the fact that the catechol structure present in PCA has the ability to interact with various substrates and alter the permeability of bacterial cell membranes. The architecture of this method offers a fresh approach to dealing with the issues of challenging raw material selection and complex synthesis techniques.展开更多
Fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in the fault tolerability assessment of an interconnection network,which is of great value in the design and maintenance of large-scale multiprocessor systems.A t/s-diagnostic stra...Fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in the fault tolerability assessment of an interconnection network,which is of great value in the design and maintenance of large-scale multiprocessor systems.A t/s-diagnostic strategy,as the generalization of the t/t-diagnostic strategy,refers to the self-diagnosis of a multiprocessor system in which all faulty vertices can be identified in a set of size at most s in the presence of at most t faulty vertices.In this work,we show that the balanced hypercube BH_(n)(n≥4)is((2n+1)■g/2■-■g/2■^(2))/((2n+1)■g/2■-■g/2■^(2)+(g-2))-diagnosable under both the Preparata,Metze,and Chien(PMC)and MM^(*)models for 4≤■■g/2■≤n.Moreover,we propose two effective t/s-diagnosis algorithms under the PMC and MM^(*)models with time complexity O(NlogN)and O(N(logN)^(2))(N=2^(2n)is the order of BH_(n)),respectively.Finally,comparison results indicate that t/s-diagnosability strengthens the self-diagnosable capability of the system compared with traditional diagnosabilities.展开更多
Total dissolved gas supersaturation(TDGS) appears when the pressures of gases in a solution exceed the barometric pressures.TDGS is often caused by flood discharge at dams.It may lead to gas bubble disease(GBD) for fi...Total dissolved gas supersaturation(TDGS) appears when the pressures of gases in a solution exceed the barometric pressures.TDGS is often caused by flood discharge at dams.It may lead to gas bubble disease(GBD) for fish and biochemical responses of selected fish and other aquatic organisms.The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of long-term TDGS levels on the growth and biochemical responses of rock carp(Procypris rabaudi Tchang) dwelling in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Three-year-old rock carp were exposed to TDGS levels at 100%,104%,108%,112%,and 116% for 42 d.Samples were taken every 7 d after the start of the trial in order to determine catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in gill and muscle tissues.Samples were taken at Days 0 and 42 of exposure to determine growth rate.Little effect was found on growth rate in all treatment groups.SOD and CAT activities varied in different tissues,according to time of exposure and TDGS levels.The biochemical response of fish exposed to TDGS was more obvious in gill tissue than in muscle tissue.Surveys of SOD and CAT activities in different tissues offer important information about the effect of TDGS on the rare fish in the Yangtze River,and may help evaluate the risk to the aquatic eco-environment and aquatic ecosystem in the downstream of the Yangtze River.展开更多
基金Supported by The Chongqing Talents Project,No.cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0150The First Batch of Key Disciplines on Public Health in Chongqing,The Health Commission of Chongqing,No.2022(72)+1 种基金The Remarkable Innovation-Clinical Research Project,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityThe Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,No.KJZD-K202300404.
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a global health concern.The current sequen-tial endpoints for the treatment of HBV infection include viral suppression,hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)seroconversion,functional cure,and covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)clearance.Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen(HBcrAg)is an emerging HBV marker comprising three components:HBeAg,hepatitis B core antigen,and p22cr.It responds well to the transcriptional activity of cccDNA in the patient's liver and is a promising alternative marker for serolo-gical testing.There is a strong correlation,and a decrease in its level corresponds to sustained viral suppression.In patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB),serum HBcrAg levels are good predictors of HBeAg seroconversion(both spontaneous and after antiviral therapy),particularly in HBeAg-positive patients.Both low baseline HBcrAg levels and decreasing levels early in antiviral therapy favored HBsAg seroconversion,which may serve as a good surrogate option for treatment endpoints.In this review,we summarize the role of serum HBcrAg in the treat-ment of CHB.Therefore,long-term continuous monitoring of serum HBcrAg levels contributes to the clinical management of patients with CHB and optimizes the choice of treatment regimen,making it a promising marker for monitoring HBV cure.
基金financially supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China(973 Program),No.2010CB945600,2011CB965100the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81070987,30971531,81371213a grant from the International Science & Technology Collaboration Program,No.2011DF30010
文摘Ginsenoside Rg1（Rg1） has anti-aging and anti-neurodegenerative effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these actions remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Rg1 affects hippocampal survival and neurite outgrowth in vitro after exposure to amyloid-beta peptide fragment 25–35（Aβ_（25–35））, and to explore whether the extracellular signal-regulated kinase（ERK） and Akt signaling pathways are involved in these biological processes. We cultured hippocampal neurons from newborn rats for 24 hours, then added Rg1 to the medium for another 24 hours, with or without pharmacological inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） family or Akt signaling pathways for a further 24 hours. We then immunostained the neurons for growth associated protein-43, and measured neurite length. In a separate experiment, we exposed cultured hippocampal neurons to Aβ_（25–35） for 30 minutes, before adding Rg1 for 48 hours, with or without Akt or MAPK inhibitors, and assessed neuronal survival using Hoechst 33258 staining, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt by western blot analysis. Rg1 induced neurite outgrowth, and this effect was blocked by API-2（Akt inhibitor） and PD98059（MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor）, but not by SP600125 or SB203580（inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, respectively）. Consistent with this effect, Rg1 upregulated the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2; these effects were reversed by API-2 and PD98059, respectively. In addition, Rg1 significantly reversed Aβ_（25–35）-induced apoptosis; this effect was blocked by API-2 and PD98059, but not by SP600125 or SB203580. Finally, Rg1 significantly reversed the Aβ_（25–35）-induced decrease in Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but API-2 prevented this reversal. Our results indicate that Rg1 enhances neurite outgrowth and protects against Aβ_（25–35）-induced damage, and that its mechanism may involve the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 signaling.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-I2M-1-004 & 2019-I2M-2-003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017 YFC0211703 & 2018YFE0115300 & 2018YFC1311703 & 2017YFC0908401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91643208)
文摘Background In China,lack of evidence remains a significant challenge for the national initiative to promote physical activity(PA).We aimed to quantify the beneficial effects of meeting or maintaining the recommended PA level[150 minutes per week(min/wk)of moderate PA or 75 min/wk of vigorous PA or an equivalent combination]on incident cardiovascular disease(CVD)among Chinese population.Methods We included 100,560 participants without history of CVD from three cohorts in the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR)project.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for CVD events and its subtypes,including stroke,coronary heart disease,heart failure,and CVD death.Results During a median follow-up of 7.3 years(range:6–15 years),777,163 person-years and 4693 incident CVD events were observed.Compared with participants who were inactive at baseline,the multivariable adjusted HR(95%CI)of developing CVD was 0.74(0.69–0.79)for those who met recommended moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA)level at baseline.Furthermore,the risk of CVD incidence was reduced with increment of MVPA(Ptrend<0.001),and the HR(95%CI)of highly-active versus inactive category was 0.62(0.56–0.68).Compared with individuals who were inactive both at the baseline and follow-up,those keeping active over the period of follow-up had a substantial lower risk of incident CVD with the HR(95%CI)of 0.57(0.43–0.77).Conclusions The findings demonstrated that meeting and maintaining the recommended MVPA level could reduce the cardiovascular risk.Wider adoption of the PA recommendations would have considerable health impacts to the Chinese population.
文摘Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has long been a critical public health challenge in China. National surveys revealed a prevalence of approximate 10% for chronic HBV infection in general population. HBV has been the leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancers in Chinese population and a common pathogen of acute viral hepatitis. Meanwhile, the epidemic provided important opportunities to research the natural history, public health impact, and therapeutic and preventive interventions for HBV in China. In this review, we summarized the selected key epidemiological studies since 1970s regarding HBV infection and its associated liver diseases in China, and provided considerations for future research, prevention and treatment of HBV.
文摘Background The incidence of coronary heart disease （CHD） is higher in Northern than that in Southern China, however differences in traditional CHD risk factors do not fully explain this. No study has examined the differences in subclinical atherosclerosis that may help explain the differences in incidence. This study examined these differences in subclinical atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography （CT） for calcification between the Northern and Southern China. Methods We selected a random sample of participants in a large multi-center ongoing epidemiologic study for coronary calcium scanning in one northern city （North） （Beijing, n = 49） and in two southern cities （South） （Shanghai, n = 50, and Guangzhou, n = 50）. Participants from the three field centers （mean age 67 years） underwent coronary risk factor evaluation and cardiac CT scanning for coronary calcium measurement using the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis scanning protocol. Results Adjusted log-transformed coronary artery calcium score in North China （Beijing） was 3.1 ±0.4 and in South China （Shanghai and Guangzhou） was 2.2 ＋_ 0.3 （P = 0.04）. Mean calcium score for the northern city of Beijing was three times higher than that of the southern city of Guangzhou （P = 0.01） and 2.5 times higher than for the southern city of Shanghai （P = 0.03）. Conclusions The extent of subclinical atherosclerosis is significantly higher in the northern city of Beijing than that in the two southern cities of Guangzhou and Shanghai, even after adjusting for standard cardiac risk factors. This finding suggests that standard risk factors do not fully explain north south differences in clinical CHD incidence.
文摘OBJECTIVES Moderate to vigorous physical activity is recommended to prevent hypertension according to the current guidelines.However,the degree to which the total physical activity(TPA)and its changes benefit normotensives and hypertensives is uncertain.We aimed to examine the effects of TPA and its changes on the incidence,progression,and remission of hypertension in the large-scale prospective cohorts.METHODS A total of 73,077 participants(55,101 normotensives and 17,976 hypertensives)were eligible for TPA analyses.During a mean follow-up of 7.16 years(394,038 person-years),12,211 hypertension cases were identified.TPA was estimated as metabolic equivalents and categorized into quartiles.Cox proportional hazards regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate associations of TPA and changes in TPA with incident hypertension and progression/remission of hypertension.RESULTS Compared with the lowest quartile of TPA,normotensives at the third and the highest quartile had a decreased risk of incident hypertension,with hazard ratios(HRs)of 0.86[95%confidence interval(CI):0.81−0.91]and 0.81(95%CI:0.77−0.86),respectively.Hypertensives at the highest quartile of TPA demonstrated a decreased risk of progression of hypertension[odds ratio(OR)=0.87,95%CI:0.79−0.95],and an increased probability of hypertension remission(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.05−1.29).Moreover,getting active from a sedentary lifestyle during the follow-up period could reduce 25%(HR=0.75,95%CI:0.58−0.96)risk of incident hypertension,whereas those becoming sedentary did not achieve benefit from initially being active.CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that increasing and maintaining TPA levels could benefit normotensives,whereas higher TPA levels were needed to effectively control progression and improve remission of hypertension.Physical activity played undoubtedly an essential role in both primary and secondary prevention of hypertension.
基金Supported by the Key Project from Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(D121100003912003)
文摘Objectives To investigate the positive rate of different hepatitis B virus （HBV） serological markers, and the demographic factors related to HBV infection. Methods We enrolled all patients tested for HBV serological markers, such as HBV surface antigen （HBsAg）, HBV surface antibody （HBsAb）, hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg）, hepatitis B e antibody （HBeAb）, HBV core antibody （HBcAb）, and HBV-DNA from July 2008 to July 2009 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The positive rate of each HBV serological marker was calculated according to gender, age, and department, respectively. The positive rates of HBV-DNA among patients with positive HBsAg were also analyzed. Results Among 27 409 samples included, 2681 （9.8%） were HBsAg positive. When patients were divided into 9 age groups, the age-specific positive rate of HBsAg was 1.2%, 9.6%, 12.3%, 10.9%, 10.3%, 9.7%, 8.0%, 5.8%, and 4.3%, respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg in non-surgical department, surgical department, and health examination center was 16.2%, 5.8%, and 4.7%, respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg of males （13.3%） was higher than that of females （7.3%, P=0.000）. Among the 2681 HBsAg （＋） patients, 1230 （45.9%） had HBV-DNA test, of whom 564 （45.9%） were positive. Patients with HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋）, and HBcAg （＋） result usually had high positive rate of HBV-DNA results （71.8%, P=0.000）. Conclusions Among this group of patients in our hospital, the positive rate of HBsAg was relatively high. Age group of 20-29, males, and patients in non-surgical departments were factors associated with high positive rate of HBsAg.
基金The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Numbers:2021-I2M-1-010,2017-I2M-1-004,and 2019-I2M-2-003the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82030102,12126602the Research Unit of Prospective Cohort of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Numbers:2019RU038.
文摘BACKGROUND The benefits of healthy lifestyles are well recognized. However, the extent to which improving unhealthy lifestyles reduces cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk needs to be discussed. We evaluated the impact of lifestyle improvement on CVD incidence using data from the China-PAR project(Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China).METHODS A total of 12,588 participants free of CVD were followed up for three visits after the baseline examination. Changes in four lifestyle factors(LFs)(smoking, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) were assessed through questionnaires from the baseline to the first follow-up visit. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs). The risk advancement periods(RAPs: the age difference between exposed and unexposed participants reaching the same incident CVD risk) and population-attributable risk percentage(PAR%) were also calculated.RESULTS A total of 909 incident CVD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 11.14 years. Compared with maintaining 0-1healthy LFs, maintaining 3–4 healthy LFs was associated with a 40% risk reduction of incident CVD(HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45–0.79)and delayed CVD risk by 6.31 years(RAP:-6.31 [-9.92,-2.70] years). The PAR% of maintaining 3–4 unhealthy LFs was 22.0%compared to maintaining 0-1 unhealthy LFs. Besides, compared with maintaining two healthy LFs, improving healthy LFs from 2to 3–4 was associated with a 23% lower risk of CVD(HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60–0.98).CONCLUSIONS Long-term sustenance of healthy lifestyles or improving unhealthy lifestyles can reduce and delay CVD risk.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan(No.2016YFA0401900)
文摘A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) based on an electro-optical intensity modulation scheme is currently under development at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser to meet the high-resolution requirements for bunch stability. The BAM uses a radio frequency signal generated by a pickup cavity to modulate the reference laser pulses in an electro-optical intensity modulator(EOM), and the bunch arrival-time information is derived from the amplitude change of the laser pulse after laser pulse modulation.EOM is a key optical component in the BAM system.Through the basic principle analysis of BAM, many parameters of the EOM are observed to affect the measurement resolution of the BAM system. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the EOM is crucial. In this paper, we present two schemes to compare and analyze an EOM and provide a reference for selecting a new version of the EOM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11175241)
文摘A balanced optical microwave phase detector(BOMPD) based on a 3 × 3 coupler is presented. This system was developed to extract ultra-low-jitter microwave signals from optical pulse trains emitted by mode-locked Er-fiber lasers, and synchronized microwave and laser systems. We demonstrate that the BOMPD achieves a precision of synchronization of less than 100 femtosecond of timing jitter. The experimental setup can be applied to the soft X-ray free-electron laser located on the campus of the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility. A microwave signal with a 2.856 GHz frequency is extracted from a238 MHz mode-locked Er-laser, with an absolute timing jitter of 34 fs in the 10 Hz–10 MHz frequency offset range.In addition, the microwave and 238 MHz optical pulse signals are synchronized with a relative timing jitter of16 fs at the same frequency offset range.
基金the financial support from the Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering,China(No.JS201810)。
文摘A new magnetic mesoporous As(Ⅲ)adsorbent of Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@Ce-ZrO_(2)was prepared by solvothermal and sol^(-)gel method.The core-shell adsorbent presented a high specific surface area(168.2 m^(2)/g)and fast magnetic separation performance(5.37 A·m^(2)/kg).Compared with Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@ZrO_(2),the Ce-doped sample exhibited 12%-23%increase in As(Ⅲ)uptake over p H 3-11,which was mainly attributed to the formation of bimetal M—O—As complexes.The coexisted SO^_(4)(2-)and PO^_(4)(3-)weakened As(Ⅲ)adsorption,Ca^(2+)worked oppositely,but the impact of Cl^(-)and NO_(3)^(-)was negligible.The As(Ⅲ)maximum adsorption capacity was 24.52 mg/g at 313 K with an initial As(Ⅲ)concentration of 5 mg/L at pH 7,and its kinetics was well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model.Moreover,the adsorbent exhibited remarkable recyclability.It is suggested that Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@Ce-ZrO_(2)is a promising adsorbent for the advanced treatment of As(Ⅲ)contaminated wastewater.
文摘Objective To investigate the infection rate of hepatitis C virus among the ambulatory patients and in-patients of a tertiary teaching hospital,and study the demographic factors related to the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection.Methods All patients tested for hepatitis C virus antibody from July 2008 to July 2009 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this cross-sectional analysis.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection was compared according to age,gender,and departments,respectively.Among patients with positive serology hepatitis C virus marker,the positivity of hepatitis C virus RNA was analysed.Results Among 29 896 subjects included,the hepatitis C virus antibody of 494 patients were positive(1.7%).When patients were divided into 9 age groups,the age specific prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody were0.2%,1.7%,1.2%,1.1%,1.5%,1.9%,2.6%,2.4%and 2%,respectively.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in non-surgical department and surgical department was 3%and 1%,respectively.The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody of males was higher than that of the females.Total of 194 patients with positive hepatitis C virus antibody were tested for hepatitis C virus RNA,the RNA level of 113 patients(58.2%)were higher than the low detection limit.Conclusions The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody was relatively high among patients of general tertiary hospital.Age group of 60-69,males and patients in non-surgical departments were factors associated with high rate of hepatitis C virus infection.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743622)Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City(No.2024J109)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.E52307038 and U23A20589)Ningbo 2025 Key Scientific Research Programs(Nos.2022Z111,2022Z160 and 2022Z198)the Leading Innovativeand Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(No.2021R01005).
文摘The demand for energy-efficient and environmental-friendly power grid construction has made the exploitation of bio-based electrical epoxy resins with excellent properties increasingly important.This work developed the bio-based electrotechnical epoxy resins based on magnolol.High-performance epoxy resin(DGEMT)with a double crosslinked points and its composites(Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEMT)were obtained taking advantages of the two bifunctional groups(allyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups)of magnolol.Benefitting from the distinctive structure of DGEMT,the Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEMT composites exhibited the advantages of intrinsically high thermal conductivity,high insulation,and low dielectric loss.The AC breakdown strength and thermal conductivity of Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEMT composites were 35.5 kV/mm and 1.19 W·m-1·K-1,respectively,which were 15.6%and 52.6%higher than those of petroleum-based composites(Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEBA).And its dielectric loss tanδ=0.0046 was 20.7%lower than that of Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEBA.Furthermore,the mechanical,thermal and processing properties of Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEMT are fully comparable to those of Al_(2)O_(3)/DGEBA.This work confirms the feasibility of manufacturing environmentally friendly power equipment using bio-based epoxy resins,which has excellent engineering applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U1909220 and 52003283)Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project of Ningbo (Nos.2021Z092, 2022Z111 and 2022Z160)+1 种基金Defense Industrial Technology Development Program (No.JCKY2021513B001)the Research Project of Technology Application for Public Welfare of Ningbo City (No.202002N3122)。
文摘It is of great significance to design epoxy coatings with superior antibacterial properties and high adhesive properties, as well as excellent processing, superior durability, and high transparency. However, it is still a challenge because of the common complex design and synthesis. Herein, the bio-based monomer protocatechuic acid(PCA) was used as raw material, the catechol structure with high bonding and antibacterial properties was introduced into the flexible alkane segment of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether(EGDE) through an efficient, and green method, and it was cured with isophorone diamine(IPDA) to prepare corresponding thermosets. The cured resins exhibited excellent allaround qualities, particularly in bonding and antibacterial. When 30% PCA was added to pure epoxy resin, the adhesion between substrate and coating increased from 4.40 MPa to 13.60 MPa and the antibacterial rate of coating against E. coli and S. aureus could approach 100%. All of this is due to the fact that the catechol structure present in PCA has the ability to interact with various substrates and alter the permeability of bacterial cell membranes. The architecture of this method offers a fresh approach to dealing with the issues of challenging raw material selection and complex synthesis techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61977016 and 61572010the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China under Grant Nos.2023J01539 and 2020J01164the Fujian Alliance of Mathematics under Grant No.2023SXLMMS04,and the China Scholarship Council under Grant No.202108350054.
文摘Fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in the fault tolerability assessment of an interconnection network,which is of great value in the design and maintenance of large-scale multiprocessor systems.A t/s-diagnostic strategy,as the generalization of the t/t-diagnostic strategy,refers to the self-diagnosis of a multiprocessor system in which all faulty vertices can be identified in a set of size at most s in the presence of at most t faulty vertices.In this work,we show that the balanced hypercube BH_(n)(n≥4)is((2n+1)■g/2■-■g/2■^(2))/((2n+1)■g/2■-■g/2■^(2)+(g-2))-diagnosable under both the Preparata,Metze,and Chien(PMC)and MM^(*)models for 4≤■■g/2■≤n.Moreover,we propose two effective t/s-diagnosis algorithms under the PMC and MM^(*)models with time complexity O(NlogN)and O(N(logN)^(2))(N=2^(2n)is the order of BH_(n)),respectively.Finally,comparison results indicate that t/s-diagnosability strengthens the self-diagnosable capability of the system compared with traditional diagnosabilities.
基金Project (No. 50979063) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Total dissolved gas supersaturation(TDGS) appears when the pressures of gases in a solution exceed the barometric pressures.TDGS is often caused by flood discharge at dams.It may lead to gas bubble disease(GBD) for fish and biochemical responses of selected fish and other aquatic organisms.The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of long-term TDGS levels on the growth and biochemical responses of rock carp(Procypris rabaudi Tchang) dwelling in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Three-year-old rock carp were exposed to TDGS levels at 100%,104%,108%,112%,and 116% for 42 d.Samples were taken every 7 d after the start of the trial in order to determine catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in gill and muscle tissues.Samples were taken at Days 0 and 42 of exposure to determine growth rate.Little effect was found on growth rate in all treatment groups.SOD and CAT activities varied in different tissues,according to time of exposure and TDGS levels.The biochemical response of fish exposed to TDGS was more obvious in gill tissue than in muscle tissue.Surveys of SOD and CAT activities in different tissues offer important information about the effect of TDGS on the rare fish in the Yangtze River,and may help evaluate the risk to the aquatic eco-environment and aquatic ecosystem in the downstream of the Yangtze River.
