Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic cholestasis,a persistent inflammation of the bile ducts that leads to sclerotic occlusion and cholestasis.Gut microbes,consisting of...Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic cholestasis,a persistent inflammation of the bile ducts that leads to sclerotic occlusion and cholestasis.Gut microbes,consisting of microorganisms colonized in the human gut,play an important role in nutrient intake,metabolic homeostasis,immune regulation,and immune regulation;however,their presence might aid PSC development.Studies have found that gut-liver axis interactions also play an important role in the pathogenesis of PSC.Patients with PSC have considerably reduced intestinal flora diversity and increased abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria.Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora leads to increased intestinal permeability,homing of intestinal lymphocytes,entry of bacteria and their associated metabolites,such as bile acids,into the liver,stimulation of hepatic immune activation,and promotion of PSC.Currently,PSC effective treatment is lacking.However,a number of studies have recently investigated the targeted modulation of gut microbes for the treatment of various liver diseases(alcoholic liver disease,metabolic fatty liver,cirrhosis,and autoimmune liver disease).In addition,antibiotics,fecal microbiota transplantation,and probiotics have been reported as successful PSC therapies as well as for the treatment of gut dysbiosis,suggesting their effectiveness for PSC treatment.Therefore,this review briefly summarizes the role of intestinal flora in PSC with the aim of providing new insights into PSC treatment.展开更多
In this study, a scintillation detector was developed to measure the space proton effective dose for astronauts based on the proton effective dose conversion coefficients provided by International Commission on Radiol...In this study, a scintillation detector was developed to measure the space proton effective dose for astronauts based on the proton effective dose conversion coefficients provided by International Commission on Radiological Protection Report No. 116. In the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code X(version 2.6.0) simulation process, by modulating the depth and solid angle of truncated conical holes in an iron shell from lower-energy protons to higher-energy protons, the energy deposited in the scintillator by isotropic protons was nearly proportional to the corresponding effective dose, with a maximum relative deviation of 13.28% at thirteen energy points in the energy range of 10–400 MeV. Therefore, the detector can monitor proton effective dose indirectly in real time by measuring the deposited energy. We calibrated the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the detector at the cobalt source, tested the response of the detector in the energy range of 30–100 MeV in unidirectional proton field, and validated the simulation with the experimental results.展开更多
The functional status of vessels can be determined by assessing blood perfusion.By integrating diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS)and Laser Doppler Flowmetry(LDF),the speed-resolved blood perfusion and blood oxygen ...The functional status of vessels can be determined by assessing blood perfusion.By integrating diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS)and Laser Doppler Flowmetry(LDF),the speed-resolved blood perfusion and blood oxygen saturation can be measured simultaneously by Enhanced Perfusion and Oxygen Saturation(EPOS).The dataset presented in this descriptor contains EPOS data recorded from a forearm point exposed to different levels of thermal stimulation,the classical LDF at control points,the R-R time series and data regarding the subjects’characteristics.All data were recorded from 60 recruited healthy subjects.Half of the subjects received different levels of thermal stimulation,and half of them were blank controls.We believe that this dataset will lead to the development of local blood perfusion methods that can be used to index vessel function assessments.This publicly available dataset will be beneficial to the microcirculation evaluation.展开更多
Background：Among HlV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy （ART）,early changes in CD4＋ T-cell subsets are well described.However,HIV-infected late presenters initiating treatment present with a subop...Background：Among HlV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy （ART）,early changes in CD4＋ T-cell subsets are well described.However,HIV-infected late presenters initiating treatment present with a suboptimal CD4＋ T-cell reconstitution and remain at a higher risk for AIDS and non-AIDS events.Therefore,factors associated with CD4＋ T-cell reconstitution need to be determined in this population,which will allow designing effective immunotherapeutic strategies.Methods：Thirty-one adult patients with baseline CD4＋ T-cell count 〈350 cells/mm^3 exhibiting viral suppression after ART initiation were followed in the HIV/AIDS research center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing,China,from October 2002 to September 2013.Changes in T-cell subsets and associated determinants were measured.Results：Median baseline CD4＋ T-cell count was 70 cells/mm3.We found a biphasic reconstitution ofT-cell subsets and immune activation：a rapid change during the first 6 months followed by a more gradual change over the subsequent 8 years.Baseline CD4＋ T-cell count 〉200 cells/ mm3 in comparison to CD4＋ T-cell count ≤200 cells/mm3 was associated with more complete immune Reconstitution （77.8% vs.27.3% respectively;P =0.017） and normalized CD4/CD8 ratio.We showed that the baseline percentage of naive CD4＋ T-cell was a predictive marker for complete immune reconstitution （area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.907）,and 12.4% as cutoffvalue had a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 88.2%.Conclusions：Baseline naive CD4＋ T-cell percentage may serve as a predictive marker for optimal immune reconstitution during long-term therapy.Such study findings suggest that increasing thymic output should represent an avenue to improve patients who are diagnosed late in the course of infection.展开更多
Background:It is not completely clear whether a very high pre-therapy viral load(≥500000 copies/ml)can impair the virological response.The aim of this study was to examine the influence of very high baseline HIV-RNA ...Background:It is not completely clear whether a very high pre-therapy viral load(≥500000 copies/ml)can impair the virological response.The aim of this study was to examine the influence of very high baseline HIV-RNA levels on long-term virological responses under one type of regimen.Methods:A retrospective study was performed based on data from two multicenter cohorts in China from January to November 2009,and from May 2013 to December 2015.Untreated HIV infected adults between 18 and 65 years old were recruited before receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen.All patients had baseline HIV-RNA levels over 500 copies/ml,good adherence,and were followed for at least 24 weeks.Virological suppression was defined as the first HIV-RNA<50 copies/ml.Virological failure was defined as any of incomplete viral suppression(HIV-RNA≥200 copies/ml without virological suppression within 24 weeks of treatment)and viral rebound(confirmed HIV-RNA level≥50 copies/ml after virological suppression).Chi-square test,Kaplan–Meier analysis,Cox proportional hazards model and Logistic regression were used to compare virological response between each pretreated viral load stratum.Results:A total of 758 treatment-naïve HIV patients in China were enlisted.Median follow-up time(IQR)was 144(108–276)weeks.By week 48,rates of virological suppression in three groups(<100000,100000–500000 and≥500000 copies/ml)were 94.1,85.0,and 63.8%,respectively(P<0.001).Very high baseline HIV viremia over 500000 copies/ml were found to be associated with delayed virological suppression(≥500000 vs<100000,adjusted relative hazard=0.455,95%CI:0.32–0.65;P<0.001)as well as incomplete viral suppression(≥500000 vs<100000,adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=6.084,95%CI:2.761–13.407;P<0.001)and viral rebound(≥50000 vs<100000,aOR=3.671,95%CI:1.009–13.355,P=0.048).Conclusions:Very high levels of pre-treatment HIV-RNA were related with delayed efficacy of NNRTI-based ART and increased risk of treatment failure.More potent initial regimens should be considered for those with this clinical character.展开更多
Background:Observing interstitial fluid(ISF)is very difficult because interstitial structure collapses and ISF disappears after tissue fixation.Additionally,ISF is colorless,and interstitial flow is weak in vivo.In or...Background:Observing interstitial fluid(ISF)is very difficult because interstitial structure collapses and ISF disappears after tissue fixation.Additionally,ISF is colorless,and interstitial flow is weak in vivo.In order to view the interstitial flow,special dye and animal model was chosen to explore the movement characteristic of interstitial flow and related structure.Methods:The Gephyrocharax Melanocheir(GM)fish,a special animal with translucent body,were placed into 0.03 g/L tricain solution for anesthesia.20-25μL Alcian blue(AB)solution which can stain acid mucopolysaccharide immobilized by the collagen net in connective tissue was injected into each fish at a single point with a rate of 2 μL/min via a micro-injection pump.The process of infusion and the movement of the AB in fish were record by a digital camera.The(fresh)frozen sections of AB tracks tissue were performed to observe the morphological feature.Results:Several blue tracks were observed which were formed by longitudinal directional movements of AB solution.For back lateral track,the velocity and length of the movements were significantly fast and longer on the direction toward head than that toward tail(P<0.01).For lateral middle track,the result was opposite,namely toward tail(P<0.01).This phenomenon indicated an inherent ISF flow according to Darcy's law.Morphological study showed these tracks were just in septa composed by connective tissue.The stained blue septa formed various shapes as interstitial space for ISF flow and connected with one another like a net.The finding can help us to understand the essence of meridian in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Conclusions:The dynamic asymmetry of the AB tracks revealed interstitial flow in the GM fish body.It implied an inherent interstitial flow along particular pathway formed by septa which may be a key to understand the nature and value of meridians and collaterals in health care.展开更多
Background:Continuous and porous low hydraulic resistance channels(LHRCs)are important structures of meridians in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In this study,based on the previous research on LHRCs along meridian ...Background:Continuous and porous low hydraulic resistance channels(LHRCs)are important structures of meridians in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In this study,based on the previous research on LHRCs along meridian paths(LHRCMs)in mini-pig,we aimed to detect the low hydraulic resistance point(LHRP)and display the LHRCMs in rats.Methods:A technique for measuring interstitial hydraulic resistance(Rh)in rats was established to detect and measure the Rh along the conception vessel(CV)in TCM,and Alcian Blue(AB)solution was injected into the LHRP along the CV.The interstitial fluid pressure(IFP)of the LHRP was measured before and after AB injection.Then,the distribution characteristics of the AB solution were investigated to explore the relationship between AB tracks and meridian paths in TCM.Results:The positions of the LHRPs coincided with the low impedance points(LIPs)of the rat skin along the CV.The Rh value along the CV(10.37,1.26,×10^(6)dyne s cm^(-5))was significantly lower than that in the non-meridian area(19.13±1.37,×10^(6)dyne s cm^(-5),P<0.01).After AB injection,the IFP of the LHRP was 2.52 mmHg,which was higher than that before AB injection.The AB tracks(ABT)along the CV,spleen meridian,and kidney meridian appeared in one or two directions,with single or multiple paths and uneven thickness and length.The appearance rate was 73.33%.Conclusions:LHRCMs existed not only in minipigs but also in rats.The LHRCMs could be observed after AB injection into the LHRP in the subcutaneous connective tissues of rats.展开更多
Background Behavioral research has shown that children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)have a higher empathizing–systemizing difference(D score)than normal children.However,there is no research about the neuroanato...Background Behavioral research has shown that children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)have a higher empathizing–systemizing difference(D score)than normal children.However,there is no research about the neuroanatomical mechanisms of the empathizing–systemizing difference in children with ASD.Methods Participants comprised 41 children with ASD and 39 typically developing(TD)children aged 6‒12 years.Empathizing–systemizing difference was estimated using the D score from the Chinese version of Children’s Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient.We quantified brain morphometry,including global and regional brain volumes and surface-based cortical measures(cortical thickness,surface area,and gyrification)via structural magnetic resonance imaging.Results We found that the D score was significantly negatively associated with amygdala gray matter volume[β=−0.16;95%confidence interval(CI):−0.30,−0.02;P value=0.030]in children with ASD.There was a significantly negative association between D score and gyrification in the left lateral occipital cortex(LOC)in children with ASD(B=−0.10;SE=0.03;cluster-wise P value=0.006)and a significantly positive association between D score and gyrification in the right fusiform in TD children(B=0.10;SE=0.03;cluster-wise P value=0.022).Moderation analyses demonstrated significant interactions between D score and diagnosed group in amygdala gray matter volume(β=0.19;95%CI 0.04,0.35;P value=0.013)and left LOC gyrification(β=0.11;95%CI 0.05,0.17;P value=0.001)but not in right fusiform gyrification(β=0.08;95%CI−0.02,0.17;P value=0.105).Conclusions Neuroanatomical variation in amygdala volume and gyrification of LOC could be potential biomarkers for the empathizing–systemizing difference in children with ASD but not in TD children.Large-scale neuroimaging studies are necessary to test the replicability of our findings.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31960236the Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Lanzhou City,No.2019-RC-34the Lanzhou Cheng guan District Science and Technology Planning Project,No.2020SHFZ0029.
文摘Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic cholestasis,a persistent inflammation of the bile ducts that leads to sclerotic occlusion and cholestasis.Gut microbes,consisting of microorganisms colonized in the human gut,play an important role in nutrient intake,metabolic homeostasis,immune regulation,and immune regulation;however,their presence might aid PSC development.Studies have found that gut-liver axis interactions also play an important role in the pathogenesis of PSC.Patients with PSC have considerably reduced intestinal flora diversity and increased abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria.Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora leads to increased intestinal permeability,homing of intestinal lymphocytes,entry of bacteria and their associated metabolites,such as bile acids,into the liver,stimulation of hepatic immune activation,and promotion of PSC.Currently,PSC effective treatment is lacking.However,a number of studies have recently investigated the targeted modulation of gut microbes for the treatment of various liver diseases(alcoholic liver disease,metabolic fatty liver,cirrhosis,and autoimmune liver disease).In addition,antibiotics,fecal microbiota transplantation,and probiotics have been reported as successful PSC therapies as well as for the treatment of gut dysbiosis,suggesting their effectiveness for PSC treatment.Therefore,this review briefly summarizes the role of intestinal flora in PSC with the aim of providing new insights into PSC treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11305127)the State Key Lab of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Basic Research Foundation(No.SKLIPR1216)
文摘In this study, a scintillation detector was developed to measure the space proton effective dose for astronauts based on the proton effective dose conversion coefficients provided by International Commission on Radiological Protection Report No. 116. In the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code X(version 2.6.0) simulation process, by modulating the depth and solid angle of truncated conical holes in an iron shell from lower-energy protons to higher-energy protons, the energy deposited in the scintillator by isotropic protons was nearly proportional to the corresponding effective dose, with a maximum relative deviation of 13.28% at thirteen energy points in the energy range of 10–400 MeV. Therefore, the detector can monitor proton effective dose indirectly in real time by measuring the deposited energy. We calibrated the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the detector at the cobalt source, tested the response of the detector in the energy range of 30–100 MeV in unidirectional proton field, and validated the simulation with the experimental results.
基金This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2015CB554502)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ11098).
文摘The functional status of vessels can be determined by assessing blood perfusion.By integrating diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS)and Laser Doppler Flowmetry(LDF),the speed-resolved blood perfusion and blood oxygen saturation can be measured simultaneously by Enhanced Perfusion and Oxygen Saturation(EPOS).The dataset presented in this descriptor contains EPOS data recorded from a forearm point exposed to different levels of thermal stimulation,the classical LDF at control points,the R-R time series and data regarding the subjects’characteristics.All data were recorded from 60 recruited healthy subjects.Half of the subjects received different levels of thermal stimulation,and half of them were blank controls.We believe that this dataset will lead to the development of local blood perfusion methods that can be used to index vessel function assessments.This publicly available dataset will be beneficial to the microcirculation evaluation.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81071372）, the National Key Technologies R and D Program for the 11th Five-year Plan （No. 2008ZX10001-006）, the National Key Technologies R and D Program for the 12th Five-year Plan （No. 2012ZX10001003-001）, and the Key Clinical Program of the Ministry of Health （2010-2012）.
文摘Background：Among HlV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy （ART）,early changes in CD4＋ T-cell subsets are well described.However,HIV-infected late presenters initiating treatment present with a suboptimal CD4＋ T-cell reconstitution and remain at a higher risk for AIDS and non-AIDS events.Therefore,factors associated with CD4＋ T-cell reconstitution need to be determined in this population,which will allow designing effective immunotherapeutic strategies.Methods：Thirty-one adult patients with baseline CD4＋ T-cell count 〈350 cells/mm^3 exhibiting viral suppression after ART initiation were followed in the HIV/AIDS research center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing,China,from October 2002 to September 2013.Changes in T-cell subsets and associated determinants were measured.Results：Median baseline CD4＋ T-cell count was 70 cells/mm3.We found a biphasic reconstitution ofT-cell subsets and immune activation：a rapid change during the first 6 months followed by a more gradual change over the subsequent 8 years.Baseline CD4＋ T-cell count 〉200 cells/ mm3 in comparison to CD4＋ T-cell count ≤200 cells/mm3 was associated with more complete immune Reconstitution （77.8% vs.27.3% respectively;P =0.017） and normalized CD4/CD8 ratio.We showed that the baseline percentage of naive CD4＋ T-cell was a predictive marker for complete immune reconstitution （area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.907）,and 12.4% as cutoffvalue had a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 88.2%.Conclusions：Baseline naive CD4＋ T-cell percentage may serve as a predictive marker for optimal immune reconstitution during long-term therapy.Such study findings suggest that increasing thymic output should represent an avenue to improve patients who are diagnosed late in the course of infection.
基金The study was supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program for the 13th Five-Year Plan(Grant No.2017ZX10202101)the National Key Technologies R&D Program for the 12th Five-Year Plan(Grant No.2012ZX10001003–001)+1 种基金the National Key Technologies R&D Program for the 11th Five-Year Plan(Grant No.2008ZX10001006–001)the CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine(CAMS-I2M:2017-I2M-1-014).
文摘Background:It is not completely clear whether a very high pre-therapy viral load(≥500000 copies/ml)can impair the virological response.The aim of this study was to examine the influence of very high baseline HIV-RNA levels on long-term virological responses under one type of regimen.Methods:A retrospective study was performed based on data from two multicenter cohorts in China from January to November 2009,and from May 2013 to December 2015.Untreated HIV infected adults between 18 and 65 years old were recruited before receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen.All patients had baseline HIV-RNA levels over 500 copies/ml,good adherence,and were followed for at least 24 weeks.Virological suppression was defined as the first HIV-RNA<50 copies/ml.Virological failure was defined as any of incomplete viral suppression(HIV-RNA≥200 copies/ml without virological suppression within 24 weeks of treatment)and viral rebound(confirmed HIV-RNA level≥50 copies/ml after virological suppression).Chi-square test,Kaplan–Meier analysis,Cox proportional hazards model and Logistic regression were used to compare virological response between each pretreated viral load stratum.Results:A total of 758 treatment-naïve HIV patients in China were enlisted.Median follow-up time(IQR)was 144(108–276)weeks.By week 48,rates of virological suppression in three groups(<100000,100000–500000 and≥500000 copies/ml)were 94.1,85.0,and 63.8%,respectively(P<0.001).Very high baseline HIV viremia over 500000 copies/ml were found to be associated with delayed virological suppression(≥500000 vs<100000,adjusted relative hazard=0.455,95%CI:0.32–0.65;P<0.001)as well as incomplete viral suppression(≥500000 vs<100000,adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=6.084,95%CI:2.761–13.407;P<0.001)and viral rebound(≥50000 vs<100000,aOR=3.671,95%CI:1.009–13.355,P=0.048).Conclusions:Very high levels of pre-treatment HIV-RNA were related with delayed efficacy of NNRTI-based ART and increased risk of treatment failure.More potent initial regimens should be considered for those with this clinical character.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:81173206
文摘Background:Observing interstitial fluid(ISF)is very difficult because interstitial structure collapses and ISF disappears after tissue fixation.Additionally,ISF is colorless,and interstitial flow is weak in vivo.In order to view the interstitial flow,special dye and animal model was chosen to explore the movement characteristic of interstitial flow and related structure.Methods:The Gephyrocharax Melanocheir(GM)fish,a special animal with translucent body,were placed into 0.03 g/L tricain solution for anesthesia.20-25μL Alcian blue(AB)solution which can stain acid mucopolysaccharide immobilized by the collagen net in connective tissue was injected into each fish at a single point with a rate of 2 μL/min via a micro-injection pump.The process of infusion and the movement of the AB in fish were record by a digital camera.The(fresh)frozen sections of AB tracks tissue were performed to observe the morphological feature.Results:Several blue tracks were observed which were formed by longitudinal directional movements of AB solution.For back lateral track,the velocity and length of the movements were significantly fast and longer on the direction toward head than that toward tail(P<0.01).For lateral middle track,the result was opposite,namely toward tail(P<0.01).This phenomenon indicated an inherent ISF flow according to Darcy's law.Morphological study showed these tracks were just in septa composed by connective tissue.The stained blue septa formed various shapes as interstitial space for ISF flow and connected with one another like a net.The finding can help us to understand the essence of meridian in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Conclusions:The dynamic asymmetry of the AB tracks revealed interstitial flow in the GM fish body.It implied an inherent interstitial flow along particular pathway formed by septa which may be a key to understand the nature and value of meridians and collaterals in health care.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes:ZZ 20191606National Natural Science Foundation of China:82050006。
文摘Background:Continuous and porous low hydraulic resistance channels(LHRCs)are important structures of meridians in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In this study,based on the previous research on LHRCs along meridian paths(LHRCMs)in mini-pig,we aimed to detect the low hydraulic resistance point(LHRP)and display the LHRCMs in rats.Methods:A technique for measuring interstitial hydraulic resistance(Rh)in rats was established to detect and measure the Rh along the conception vessel(CV)in TCM,and Alcian Blue(AB)solution was injected into the LHRP along the CV.The interstitial fluid pressure(IFP)of the LHRP was measured before and after AB injection.Then,the distribution characteristics of the AB solution were investigated to explore the relationship between AB tracks and meridian paths in TCM.Results:The positions of the LHRPs coincided with the low impedance points(LIPs)of the rat skin along the CV.The Rh value along the CV(10.37,1.26,×10^(6)dyne s cm^(-5))was significantly lower than that in the non-meridian area(19.13±1.37,×10^(6)dyne s cm^(-5),P<0.01).After AB injection,the IFP of the LHRP was 2.52 mmHg,which was higher than that before AB injection.The AB tracks(ABT)along the CV,spleen meridian,and kidney meridian appeared in one or two directions,with single or multiple paths and uneven thickness and length.The appearance rate was 73.33%.Conclusions:LHRCMs existed not only in minipigs but also in rats.The LHRCMs could be observed after AB injection into the LHRP in the subcutaneous connective tissues of rats.
基金This work was supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030335001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273649,81872639,82103794)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515011757,2022B1515130007).
文摘Background Behavioral research has shown that children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)have a higher empathizing–systemizing difference(D score)than normal children.However,there is no research about the neuroanatomical mechanisms of the empathizing–systemizing difference in children with ASD.Methods Participants comprised 41 children with ASD and 39 typically developing(TD)children aged 6‒12 years.Empathizing–systemizing difference was estimated using the D score from the Chinese version of Children’s Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient.We quantified brain morphometry,including global and regional brain volumes and surface-based cortical measures(cortical thickness,surface area,and gyrification)via structural magnetic resonance imaging.Results We found that the D score was significantly negatively associated with amygdala gray matter volume[β=−0.16;95%confidence interval(CI):−0.30,−0.02;P value=0.030]in children with ASD.There was a significantly negative association between D score and gyrification in the left lateral occipital cortex(LOC)in children with ASD(B=−0.10;SE=0.03;cluster-wise P value=0.006)and a significantly positive association between D score and gyrification in the right fusiform in TD children(B=0.10;SE=0.03;cluster-wise P value=0.022).Moderation analyses demonstrated significant interactions between D score and diagnosed group in amygdala gray matter volume(β=0.19;95%CI 0.04,0.35;P value=0.013)and left LOC gyrification(β=0.11;95%CI 0.05,0.17;P value=0.001)but not in right fusiform gyrification(β=0.08;95%CI−0.02,0.17;P value=0.105).Conclusions Neuroanatomical variation in amygdala volume and gyrification of LOC could be potential biomarkers for the empathizing–systemizing difference in children with ASD but not in TD children.Large-scale neuroimaging studies are necessary to test the replicability of our findings.
