Morphological alterations in dendritic spines have been linked to changes in functional communication between neurons that affect learning and memory.Kinesin-4 KIF21A helps organize the microtubule-actin network at th...Morphological alterations in dendritic spines have been linked to changes in functional communication between neurons that affect learning and memory.Kinesin-4 KIF21A helps organize the microtubule-actin network at the cell cortex by interacting with KANK1;however,whether KIF21A modulates dendritic structure and function in neurons remains unknown.In this study,we found that KIF21A was distributed in a subset of dendritic spines,and that these KIF21A-positive spines were larger and more structurally plastic than KIF21A-negative spines.Furthermore,the interaction between KIF21A and KANK1 was found to be critical for dendritic spine morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity.Knockdown of either KIF21A or KANK1 inhibited dendritic spine morphogenesis and dendritic branching,and these deficits were fully rescued by coexpressing full-length KIF21A or KANK1,but not by proteins with mutations disrupting direct binding between KIF21A and KANK1 or binding between KANK1 and talin1.Knocking down KIF21A in the hippocampus of rats inhibited the amplitudes of long-term potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation and negatively impacted the animals’cognitive abilities.Taken together,our findings demonstrate the function of KIF21A in modulating spine morphology and provide insight into its role in synaptic function.展开更多
SWEET(sugars will eventually be exported transporter)是一类介导蔗糖或己糖通过顺浓度梯度被动扩散跨细胞膜转运的新型糖转运蛋白。植物SWEET蛋白包括7个跨膜结构域,其中包含2个MtN3/Saliva结构域,可分为4个进化分支。SWEET转运蛋...SWEET(sugars will eventually be exported transporter)是一类介导蔗糖或己糖通过顺浓度梯度被动扩散跨细胞膜转运的新型糖转运蛋白。植物SWEET蛋白包括7个跨膜结构域,其中包含2个MtN3/Saliva结构域,可分为4个进化分支。SWEET转运蛋白在多种生理和生化过程中发挥着关键作用,包括韧皮部装载、激素运输、营养和生殖生长等。结合当前SWEET转运蛋白的研究进展,重点总结了SWEET的发现、蛋白结构及其在糖转运中的生物学功能,指出目前植物SWEET基因研究面临的问题,并对未来SWEET蛋白的研究重点进行了展望:1)探究SWEET蛋白的底物识别机制;2)挖掘提高作物产量和品质的关键SWEET基因;3)利用SWEET基因编辑和磷酸化等策略改良作物产量和品质。展开更多
Desertification has had a significant impact on the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin(YRB)in China.However,previous studies on the evaluation of the ecological environment quality(EEQ)in the YRB have pa...Desertification has had a significant impact on the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin(YRB)in China.However,previous studies on the evaluation of the ecological environment quality(EEQ)in the YRB have paid limited attention to the indicator of desertification.It is of great significance to incorporate the desertification index into the spatiotemporal assessment of the EEQ in the YRB in order to protect the ecological environment in the region.In this study,based on multi-source remote sensing data from 91 cities in the YRB,this article proposes a desertification remote sensing ecological index(DRSEI)model,which builds upon the traditional Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI)model,to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in the EEQ in the YRB from 2001 to 2021.Furthermore,using the geographic detector(GD),and geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)model,the study assesses the impact of human and natural factors on the EEQ in the YRB.The research findings indicate that:(1)Compared to the traditional RSEI,the improved DRSEI shows a decreasing trend in the evaluation results of the EEQ.Among the 24 cities,the change in DRSEI exceeds 0.05 compared to RSEI,accounting for 26.37%of the YRB.The remaining 67 cities have changes within a range of less than 0.05,accounting for 73.63%of the YRB.(2)The results of the GD for individual and interactive effects reveal that rainfall and elevation have significant individual and interactive effects on the EEQ.Furthermore,after the interaction with natural factors,the explanatory power of human factors gradually increases over time.The spatial heterogeneity results of GTWR demonstrate that rainfall has a strong direct positive impact on the EEQ,accounting for 98.90%of the influence,while temperature exhibits a more pronounced direct inhibitory effect,accounting for 76.92%of the influence.Human activities have a strong negative impact on the EEQ and a weak positive impact.展开更多
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated bidirectional associations between urate levels and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD).However,it remains unclear whethe...BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated bidirectional associations between urate levels and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD).However,it remains unclear whether the observations are causal because of confounding factors.AIM To investigate the causal associations between urate levels and IBD using bidirec-tional Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS Independent genetic variants for urate levels and IBD were selected as instru-mental variables from published genome-wide association studies(GWASs).Summary statistics for instrument-outcome associations were retrieved from three separate databases for IBD(the UK Biobank,the FinnGen database and a large GWAS meta-analysis)and one for urate levels(a large GWAS meta-analysis).MR analyses included the inverse-variance-weighted method,weighted-median estimator,MR-Egger and sensitivity analyses(MR-PRESSO).A meta-analysis was also conducted to merge the data from separate outcome databases using a fixed-effects model.RESULTS Genetically higher serum urate levels were strongly associated with an increased risk of UC[odds ratio(OR):1.95,95%confidence interval(CI):1.86-2.05]after outlier correction,and the ORs(95%CIs)for IBD and CD were 0.94(95%CI:0.86-1.03)and 0.91(95%CI:0.80-1.04),respectively.Animal studies have confirmed the positive association between urate levels and UC.Moreover,genetically predicted IBD was inversely related to urate levels(OR:0.97,95%CI:0.94-0.99).However,no association was observed between genetically influenced UC or CD and urate levels.CONCLUSION Urate levels might be risk factors for UC,whereas genetically predicted IBD was inversely associated with urate levels.These findings provide essential new insight for treating and preventing IBD.展开更多
目的总结妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者产后随访的最佳证据,为构建妊娠期糖尿病患者产后随访方案提供循证依据。方法检索BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心数据库(Joanna Briggs...目的总结妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者产后随访的最佳证据,为构建妊娠期糖尿病患者产后随访方案提供循证依据。方法检索BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心数据库(Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI),国际指南协作网,英国国家临床医学研究所指南库(National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,NICE),美国糖尿病协会网站,临床指南-医脉通,Cochrane Library,荷兰医学文摘数据库(Embase),OVID医学期刊数据库,PubMed,Web of Science,泉方本地PubMed,中国知网,万方,维普和中国生物医学数据库中关于妊娠期糖尿病患者产后血糖随访有关的临床指南、专家共识、证据总结、系统评价、临床决策和原始研究。检索时限为建库至2023年7月。结果共纳入9篇相关文献,包括临床实践指南5篇、专家共识、证据总结、临床决策和系统评价各1篇。通过对证据的总结,最终从妊娠期糖尿病患者产后血糖随访、生活方式指导、母乳喂养、药物治疗、健康教育5个方面汇总17条最佳证据。结论总结的最佳证据可为医院和社区妊娠期糖尿病患者产后随访提供循证依据。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021ZD0202503(to AHT)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31872759(to AHT)and 32070707(to CF)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,No.RCJC20210609104333007(to ZW)Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science,Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions,No.2021SHIBS0002(to ZW).
文摘Morphological alterations in dendritic spines have been linked to changes in functional communication between neurons that affect learning and memory.Kinesin-4 KIF21A helps organize the microtubule-actin network at the cell cortex by interacting with KANK1;however,whether KIF21A modulates dendritic structure and function in neurons remains unknown.In this study,we found that KIF21A was distributed in a subset of dendritic spines,and that these KIF21A-positive spines were larger and more structurally plastic than KIF21A-negative spines.Furthermore,the interaction between KIF21A and KANK1 was found to be critical for dendritic spine morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity.Knockdown of either KIF21A or KANK1 inhibited dendritic spine morphogenesis and dendritic branching,and these deficits were fully rescued by coexpressing full-length KIF21A or KANK1,but not by proteins with mutations disrupting direct binding between KIF21A and KANK1 or binding between KANK1 and talin1.Knocking down KIF21A in the hippocampus of rats inhibited the amplitudes of long-term potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation and negatively impacted the animals’cognitive abilities.Taken together,our findings demonstrate the function of KIF21A in modulating spine morphology and provide insight into its role in synaptic function.
文摘SWEET(sugars will eventually be exported transporter)是一类介导蔗糖或己糖通过顺浓度梯度被动扩散跨细胞膜转运的新型糖转运蛋白。植物SWEET蛋白包括7个跨膜结构域,其中包含2个MtN3/Saliva结构域,可分为4个进化分支。SWEET转运蛋白在多种生理和生化过程中发挥着关键作用,包括韧皮部装载、激素运输、营养和生殖生长等。结合当前SWEET转运蛋白的研究进展,重点总结了SWEET的发现、蛋白结构及其在糖转运中的生物学功能,指出目前植物SWEET基因研究面临的问题,并对未来SWEET蛋白的研究重点进行了展望:1)探究SWEET蛋白的底物识别机制;2)挖掘提高作物产量和品质的关键SWEET基因;3)利用SWEET基因编辑和磷酸化等策略改良作物产量和品质。
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 72004116)the Hubei Social Science Foundation (Grant NO. 2022CFB292)
文摘Desertification has had a significant impact on the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin(YRB)in China.However,previous studies on the evaluation of the ecological environment quality(EEQ)in the YRB have paid limited attention to the indicator of desertification.It is of great significance to incorporate the desertification index into the spatiotemporal assessment of the EEQ in the YRB in order to protect the ecological environment in the region.In this study,based on multi-source remote sensing data from 91 cities in the YRB,this article proposes a desertification remote sensing ecological index(DRSEI)model,which builds upon the traditional Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI)model,to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in the EEQ in the YRB from 2001 to 2021.Furthermore,using the geographic detector(GD),and geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)model,the study assesses the impact of human and natural factors on the EEQ in the YRB.The research findings indicate that:(1)Compared to the traditional RSEI,the improved DRSEI shows a decreasing trend in the evaluation results of the EEQ.Among the 24 cities,the change in DRSEI exceeds 0.05 compared to RSEI,accounting for 26.37%of the YRB.The remaining 67 cities have changes within a range of less than 0.05,accounting for 73.63%of the YRB.(2)The results of the GD for individual and interactive effects reveal that rainfall and elevation have significant individual and interactive effects on the EEQ.Furthermore,after the interaction with natural factors,the explanatory power of human factors gradually increases over time.The spatial heterogeneity results of GTWR demonstrate that rainfall has a strong direct positive impact on the EEQ,accounting for 98.90%of the influence,while temperature exhibits a more pronounced direct inhibitory effect,accounting for 76.92%of the influence.Human activities have a strong negative impact on the EEQ and a weak positive impact.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170567,No.81873546,No.82170568,and No.82300627Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader,No.22XD1425000+4 种基金The"Shu Guang"project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation,No.19SG30,ChinaDeep Blue Project of Naval Medical University(Pilot Talent Plan)The Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,No.22CGA42The Shanghai Sailing Program,No.23YF1458600and Shanghai Natural Science Foundation,No.23ZR1478700.
文摘BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated bidirectional associations between urate levels and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD).However,it remains unclear whether the observations are causal because of confounding factors.AIM To investigate the causal associations between urate levels and IBD using bidirec-tional Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS Independent genetic variants for urate levels and IBD were selected as instru-mental variables from published genome-wide association studies(GWASs).Summary statistics for instrument-outcome associations were retrieved from three separate databases for IBD(the UK Biobank,the FinnGen database and a large GWAS meta-analysis)and one for urate levels(a large GWAS meta-analysis).MR analyses included the inverse-variance-weighted method,weighted-median estimator,MR-Egger and sensitivity analyses(MR-PRESSO).A meta-analysis was also conducted to merge the data from separate outcome databases using a fixed-effects model.RESULTS Genetically higher serum urate levels were strongly associated with an increased risk of UC[odds ratio(OR):1.95,95%confidence interval(CI):1.86-2.05]after outlier correction,and the ORs(95%CIs)for IBD and CD were 0.94(95%CI:0.86-1.03)and 0.91(95%CI:0.80-1.04),respectively.Animal studies have confirmed the positive association between urate levels and UC.Moreover,genetically predicted IBD was inversely related to urate levels(OR:0.97,95%CI:0.94-0.99).However,no association was observed between genetically influenced UC or CD and urate levels.CONCLUSION Urate levels might be risk factors for UC,whereas genetically predicted IBD was inversely associated with urate levels.These findings provide essential new insight for treating and preventing IBD.
文摘目的总结妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者产后随访的最佳证据,为构建妊娠期糖尿病患者产后随访方案提供循证依据。方法检索BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心数据库(Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI),国际指南协作网,英国国家临床医学研究所指南库(National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,NICE),美国糖尿病协会网站,临床指南-医脉通,Cochrane Library,荷兰医学文摘数据库(Embase),OVID医学期刊数据库,PubMed,Web of Science,泉方本地PubMed,中国知网,万方,维普和中国生物医学数据库中关于妊娠期糖尿病患者产后血糖随访有关的临床指南、专家共识、证据总结、系统评价、临床决策和原始研究。检索时限为建库至2023年7月。结果共纳入9篇相关文献,包括临床实践指南5篇、专家共识、证据总结、临床决策和系统评价各1篇。通过对证据的总结,最终从妊娠期糖尿病患者产后血糖随访、生活方式指导、母乳喂养、药物治疗、健康教育5个方面汇总17条最佳证据。结论总结的最佳证据可为医院和社区妊娠期糖尿病患者产后随访提供循证依据。
