Alpine grassland occupies two-thirds of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). It is vital to project changes of this vulnerable ecosystem under different climate change scenarios before taking any mitigation or adaptatio...Alpine grassland occupies two-thirds of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). It is vital to project changes of this vulnerable ecosystem under different climate change scenarios before taking any mitigation or adaptation measures. In this study, we used a process-based ecosystem model, driven with output from global circulation models under different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), to project the carbon dynamics of alpine grassland. The results showed the following: 1) Vegetation carbon (C) on the QTP increased by 22—38 gC m^-2 during periods of 1.5 and 2 ℃ warming under different RCPs when compared to the baseline period (1981—2006), while soil C increased by 85—122 gC m^-2. 2) The increases of vegetation C and soil C at the period of 1.5 ℃ warming were about 15 gC m^-2 and 40 gC m^-2 smaller than those at the period of 2 ℃ warming, respectively;increase of C was greater for alpine meadow than for alpine steppe. 3) Precipitation, radiation, and permafrost changed significantly and showed heterogeneous spatial patterns, and caused heterogeneous response of C dynamics. For alpine meadow in regions transformed from permafrost to seasonally frozen soil with medium annual precipitation (200—400 mm), vegetation C and net primary production decreased by 18.7 gC m-2 and 3.1 gC m^-2 per year during 2 °C warming under RCP 4.5, respectively. This decrease can be attributed to the disappearing impermeable permafrost. Different from previous studies that indicated an unfavorable response of alpine grassland to climate warming, this study showed a relatively favorable response, which is mainly attributed to C 0 2 fertilization.展开更多
目的 翻译外周动脉疾病生活质量量表(vascular quality of life questionnaire, VascuQOL)再施以优化,得到和我国文化背景与语言习惯相契合的汉化版VascuQOL。方法 通过顺译、回译、修改条目、专家咨询、文化调适及预调查,得到汉化版Vas...目的 翻译外周动脉疾病生活质量量表(vascular quality of life questionnaire, VascuQOL)再施以优化,得到和我国文化背景与语言习惯相契合的汉化版VascuQOL。方法 通过顺译、回译、修改条目、专家咨询、文化调适及预调查,得到汉化版VascuQOL;以重庆医科大学附属第一医院血管外科302名下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者为研究对象,对量表的信效度展开检验。结果 汉化版VascuQOL各条目临界比值为3.086~17.605;量表各条目评分和总分之间的关联系数为0.237~0.695(P<0.01);量表各条目内容效度为0.861~1.000,总量表内容效度为0.986;探索性因子分析(EFA)找到特征根在1以上的5项公因子,累计方差贡献率是67.39%,Bartlett’s球形检验中χ2值为3289.061(P<0.01);采用欧洲五维健康量表EQ-5D-5L作为校标,Pearson相关分析为0.697;内部一致性信度Cronbach’sɑ系数为0.871,各维度Cronbach’sɑ系数分别为0.893、0.859、0.759、0.569、0.727(P<0.01);重测信度为0.996。结论 汉化版VascuQOL具有良好的信度和效度,可用于我国下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的生活质量测评。展开更多
基金This study was jointly supported through grants provided as part of the Na tional Natural Science Foundation of China (41690142, 41730751)the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science (SKLCS-ZZ-2-2018).
文摘Alpine grassland occupies two-thirds of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). It is vital to project changes of this vulnerable ecosystem under different climate change scenarios before taking any mitigation or adaptation measures. In this study, we used a process-based ecosystem model, driven with output from global circulation models under different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), to project the carbon dynamics of alpine grassland. The results showed the following: 1) Vegetation carbon (C) on the QTP increased by 22—38 gC m^-2 during periods of 1.5 and 2 ℃ warming under different RCPs when compared to the baseline period (1981—2006), while soil C increased by 85—122 gC m^-2. 2) The increases of vegetation C and soil C at the period of 1.5 ℃ warming were about 15 gC m^-2 and 40 gC m^-2 smaller than those at the period of 2 ℃ warming, respectively;increase of C was greater for alpine meadow than for alpine steppe. 3) Precipitation, radiation, and permafrost changed significantly and showed heterogeneous spatial patterns, and caused heterogeneous response of C dynamics. For alpine meadow in regions transformed from permafrost to seasonally frozen soil with medium annual precipitation (200—400 mm), vegetation C and net primary production decreased by 18.7 gC m-2 and 3.1 gC m^-2 per year during 2 °C warming under RCP 4.5, respectively. This decrease can be attributed to the disappearing impermeable permafrost. Different from previous studies that indicated an unfavorable response of alpine grassland to climate warming, this study showed a relatively favorable response, which is mainly attributed to C 0 2 fertilization.
文摘目的 翻译外周动脉疾病生活质量量表(vascular quality of life questionnaire, VascuQOL)再施以优化,得到和我国文化背景与语言习惯相契合的汉化版VascuQOL。方法 通过顺译、回译、修改条目、专家咨询、文化调适及预调查,得到汉化版VascuQOL;以重庆医科大学附属第一医院血管外科302名下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者为研究对象,对量表的信效度展开检验。结果 汉化版VascuQOL各条目临界比值为3.086~17.605;量表各条目评分和总分之间的关联系数为0.237~0.695(P<0.01);量表各条目内容效度为0.861~1.000,总量表内容效度为0.986;探索性因子分析(EFA)找到特征根在1以上的5项公因子,累计方差贡献率是67.39%,Bartlett’s球形检验中χ2值为3289.061(P<0.01);采用欧洲五维健康量表EQ-5D-5L作为校标,Pearson相关分析为0.697;内部一致性信度Cronbach’sɑ系数为0.871,各维度Cronbach’sɑ系数分别为0.893、0.859、0.759、0.569、0.727(P<0.01);重测信度为0.996。结论 汉化版VascuQOL具有良好的信度和效度,可用于我国下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的生活质量测评。
