AIM:To investigate the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in photoinduced injuries in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells and how Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)contributes to the increased of RPE cells...AIM:To investigate the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in photoinduced injuries in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells and how Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)contributes to the increased of RPE cells to photoinduced autophagy.METHODS:In vitro cultures of human RPE strains(ARPE-19)were prepared and randomly divided into the blank control,model,low-dose LBP,middle-dose LBP,high-dose LBP,and 3-methyladenine(3MA)groups.The viability of the RPE cells and apoptosis levels in each group were tested through cell counting kit-8(CCK8)method with a flow cytometer(Annexin V/PI double staining technique).The expression levels of LC3II,LC3I,and P62 proteins were detected with the immunofluorescence method.The expression levels of beclin1,LC3,P62,PI3K,P-mTOR,mTOR,P-Akt,and Akt proteins were tested through Western blot.RESULTS:LBP considerably strengthens cell viability and inhibits the apoptosis of RPE cells after photoinduction.The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway is activated because of the upregulation of the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR proteins,and thus autophagy is inhibited.CONCLUSION:LBP can inhibit the excessive autophagy in RPE cells by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways and thereby protect RPE cells from photoinduced injuries.展开更多
AIM:To quantitatively detect aqueous levels of angiopoietin-like(ANGPTL)3,ANGPTL4,and ANGPTL6 and investigate their correlation with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)findings in patients with diabetic mac...AIM:To quantitatively detect aqueous levels of angiopoietin-like(ANGPTL)3,ANGPTL4,and ANGPTL6 and investigate their correlation with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)findings in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS:This cross-sectional study included 23 patients(27 eyes)with type 2 diabetes and 16 control subjects(20 eyes).All patients underwent OCTA imaging and ultra-wide field fundus photography.Diabetic patients were categorized into two groups according to the presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy(DME group,14 patients,16 eyes);and non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR)group,9 patients,11 eyes,respectively.Aqueous levels of ANGPTL3,ANGPTL4,and ANGPTL6 were assessed using suspension array technology,and foveal-centered 3×3 mm2 OCTA scans were automatically graded to determine the central,inner,and full vessel density(CVD,IVD,FVD);central,inner,and full perfusion density(CPD,IPD,FPD),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area,FAZ perimeter,and FAZ circularity index(FAZ-CI)on superficial capillary plexuses.Additionally,central subfield thickness(CST),cube volume(CV),and cube average thickness(CAT)were measured in a model of macular cube 512×128.RESULTS:Aqueous ANGPTL3 levels were not significantly different among the three groups(P>0.05).ANGPTL4 levels were significantly higher in the DME group than the control and NDR groups(P<0.0001 and P<0.001),while ANGPTL6 levels were significantly higher in the DME group than the control group(P<0.05).In the whole cohort,the aqueous ANGPTL3 levels correlated negatively with the IVD,FVD,IPD,and FPD,and positively with the CV and CAT.The aqueous ANGPTL4 levels correlated negatively with the CVD,IVD,FVD,CPD,IPD,and FPD,and positively with the FAZ perimeter,CST,CV,and CAT.The aqueous ANGPTL6 levels correlated negatively with the IVD,FVD,IPD,FPD,FAZCI and positively with CST,CV,CAT.CONCLUSION:ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL6 may be associated with vascular leakage in DME and may represent good targets for DME therapy.In addition,OCTA metrics may be useful for evaluating macular ischemia in DME.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82060885)Ningxia Scientific Research Program for Institution of Higher Education(No.NGY2018-99)Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(No.2020AAC03172)。
文摘AIM:To investigate the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in photoinduced injuries in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells and how Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)contributes to the increased of RPE cells to photoinduced autophagy.METHODS:In vitro cultures of human RPE strains(ARPE-19)were prepared and randomly divided into the blank control,model,low-dose LBP,middle-dose LBP,high-dose LBP,and 3-methyladenine(3MA)groups.The viability of the RPE cells and apoptosis levels in each group were tested through cell counting kit-8(CCK8)method with a flow cytometer(Annexin V/PI double staining technique).The expression levels of LC3II,LC3I,and P62 proteins were detected with the immunofluorescence method.The expression levels of beclin1,LC3,P62,PI3K,P-mTOR,mTOR,P-Akt,and Akt proteins were tested through Western blot.RESULTS:LBP considerably strengthens cell viability and inhibits the apoptosis of RPE cells after photoinduction.The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway is activated because of the upregulation of the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR proteins,and thus autophagy is inhibited.CONCLUSION:LBP can inhibit the excessive autophagy in RPE cells by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways and thereby protect RPE cells from photoinduced injuries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81741058)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2021SF-155)First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University(No.2019QN-05).
文摘AIM:To quantitatively detect aqueous levels of angiopoietin-like(ANGPTL)3,ANGPTL4,and ANGPTL6 and investigate their correlation with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)findings in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS:This cross-sectional study included 23 patients(27 eyes)with type 2 diabetes and 16 control subjects(20 eyes).All patients underwent OCTA imaging and ultra-wide field fundus photography.Diabetic patients were categorized into two groups according to the presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy(DME group,14 patients,16 eyes);and non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR)group,9 patients,11 eyes,respectively.Aqueous levels of ANGPTL3,ANGPTL4,and ANGPTL6 were assessed using suspension array technology,and foveal-centered 3×3 mm2 OCTA scans were automatically graded to determine the central,inner,and full vessel density(CVD,IVD,FVD);central,inner,and full perfusion density(CPD,IPD,FPD),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area,FAZ perimeter,and FAZ circularity index(FAZ-CI)on superficial capillary plexuses.Additionally,central subfield thickness(CST),cube volume(CV),and cube average thickness(CAT)were measured in a model of macular cube 512×128.RESULTS:Aqueous ANGPTL3 levels were not significantly different among the three groups(P>0.05).ANGPTL4 levels were significantly higher in the DME group than the control and NDR groups(P<0.0001 and P<0.001),while ANGPTL6 levels were significantly higher in the DME group than the control group(P<0.05).In the whole cohort,the aqueous ANGPTL3 levels correlated negatively with the IVD,FVD,IPD,and FPD,and positively with the CV and CAT.The aqueous ANGPTL4 levels correlated negatively with the CVD,IVD,FVD,CPD,IPD,and FPD,and positively with the FAZ perimeter,CST,CV,and CAT.The aqueous ANGPTL6 levels correlated negatively with the IVD,FVD,IPD,FPD,FAZCI and positively with CST,CV,CAT.CONCLUSION:ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL6 may be associated with vascular leakage in DME and may represent good targets for DME therapy.In addition,OCTA metrics may be useful for evaluating macular ischemia in DME.
