<i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> is widely distributed in Wanning County, it is necessary to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensi...<i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> is widely distributed in Wanning County, it is necessary to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> in order to maintain the elimination of malaria in Wanning. During May and October 2009, we sampled adult mosquitoes at 36 villages within Wanning County on Hainan island, and collected meteorological and geographical data at each sampling site. We used these data to analyze the spatial distribution of adult <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> mosquitoes, and logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the association of the spatial distribution of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> with the geographical and meteorological factors. We found that the density of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> showed a significant positive spatial correlation. From May to October, on the whole, the high-density area was located in the central part of Wanning County. But each month there was a relatively high-density cluster, and their location and range were not exactly the same. From east to west, the density of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> increased initially and then decreased, but from south to north, there were different trends in the periods of May to August and September to October. Logistic regression analysis showed that the main environmental factors related with the distribution of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> were land use type, soil type, distance to road, air pressure and relative humidity. These analysis results showed that the distribution of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> had obvious spatial heterogeneity in Wanning County, which was related with geographical and meteorological factors. The mechanism of these environmental factors on the distribution of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> needs to be further studied.展开更多
This study reviewed clinical evidence of probiotics-mediated effects on constipation.Four databases were used in the literature searches,namely Cochrane Library,Embase,Pubmed,and Web of Science.The last retrieval time...This study reviewed clinical evidence of probiotics-mediated effects on constipation.Four databases were used in the literature searches,namely Cochrane Library,Embase,Pubmed,and Web of Science.The last retrieval time was March 2021.Collected data were analyzed by Review Manager(version 5.3)and Stata(version 14).The primary search retrieved 8418 articles after removing duplicates.Eventually,26 studies were included in the meta-analysis.Administration of probiotics signifi cantly increased stool frequency(MD:1.15 times/week;95%CI:0.59 to 1.70;P<0.0001),improved bloating(MD:-0.48;95%CI:-0.89 to-0.07;P=0.02),reduced abdominal pain(MD:-0.71;95%CI:-1.25 to-0.16;P=0.01),and improved quality of life(MD:-0.73;95%CI:-1.37 to-0.10;P=0.02).However,the clinical effect of intake of probiotics on stool consistency was non-signifi cant(MD:0.07;95%CI:-0.34 to 0.48;P=0.73).Based on our analysis,probiotic supplements were effective in relieving constipation through symptom improvement.The effectiveness of dosage forms of intervention ranked:capsules>others(tablets,powder)>fermented milk.展开更多
The use of iodine-125 （L251） in cancer treatment has been shown to relieve patients＇ pain. Consid- ering dorsal root ganglia are critical for neural transmission between the peripheral and central nervous systems, ...The use of iodine-125 （L251） in cancer treatment has been shown to relieve patients＇ pain. Consid- ering dorsal root ganglia are critical for neural transmission between the peripheral and central nervous systems, we assumed that 125I could be implanted into rat dorsal root ganglia to provide relief for neuropathic pain. 125I seeds with different radioactivity （0, 14.8, 29.6 MBq） were im- planted separately through L4-5 and L5-6 intervertebral foramen into the vicinity of the L5 dorsal root ganglion, von Frey hair results demonstrated the mechanical pain threshold was elevated after implanting 125I seeds from the high radioactivity group. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that nuclear membrane shrinkage, nucleolar margination, widespread mitochondrial swelling, partial vacuolization, lysosome increase, and partial endoplasmic reticulum dilation were visible at 1,440 hours in the low radioactivity group and at 336 hours in the high radio- activity group. Abundant nuclear membrane shrinkage, partial fuzzy nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum necrosis were observed at 1,440 hours in the high radioactivity group. No significant difference in combined behavioral scores was detected between preoperation and postoperation in the low and high radioactivity groups. These results suggested that the mechan- ical pain threshold was elevated after implanting 125I seeds without influencing motor functions of the hind limb, although cell injury was present.展开更多
The four artificial lakes in Guangzhou(Liwan Lake,Liuhua Lake,Lu Lake,Dongshan Lake)have maintained a benign relationship with the city for the symbiosis of human,nature and society since the end of the 1950s.Taking t...The four artificial lakes in Guangzhou(Liwan Lake,Liuhua Lake,Lu Lake,Dongshan Lake)have maintained a benign relationship with the city for the symbiosis of human,nature and society since the end of the 1950s.Taking the four artificial lakes in Guangzhou as the research object,reviewing the construction process of the four artificial lakes in Guangzhou,and combing the ecological practice experience of the four artificial lakes.It is concluded that siting selection suitable for urban geographic conditions,considering the construction of artificial lakes in urban water systems,designing incorporating cultural,constructing and renovating the park combined with urban development and establishing lake-park symbiosis are the internal cause for the benign interoperability and coordinated development of the four artificial lakes and cities.In order to provide reference for the construction of urban artificial lakes in Guangzhou and the urban ecological environment construction of Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao Dawan District.展开更多
Background:The unprecedented size of the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease(EVD)outbreak in West Africa has allowed for a more extensive characterization of the clinical presentation and management of this disease.In this study...Background:The unprecedented size of the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease(EVD)outbreak in West Africa has allowed for a more extensive characterization of the clinical presentation and management of this disease.In this study,we report the trends in morbidity,mortality,and determinants of patient survival as EVD spread into Bong County,Liberia.Methods:An analysis of suspected,probable,or confirmed cases of EVD(n=607)reported to the Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare(MOHSW)between March 23rd and December 31st 2014 was conducted.The likelihood of infection given exposure factors was determined using logistic regression in individuals with a definitive diagnosis by RT-PCR(n=321).The risk of short-term mortality(30 days)given demographic factors,clinical symptoms,and highest level of treatment received was assessed with Cox regression and survival analyses(n=391).Results:The overall mortality rate was 53.5%(95%CI:49%,58%)and decreased as access to medical treatment increased.Those who reported contact with another EVD case were more likely to be infected(OR:5.7),as were those who attended a funeral(OR:3.9).Mortality increased with age(P<0.001)and was higher in males compared to females(P=0.006).Fever(HR:6.63),vomiting(HR:1.93),diarrhea(HR:1.99),and unexplained bleeding(HR:2.17)were associated with increased mortality.After adjusting for age,hospitalized patients had a 74%reduction in the risk of short term mortality(P<0.001 AHR:0.26;95%CI AHR:0.18,0.37),compared to those not given medical intervention.Conclusion:Even treatment with only basic supportive care such as intravenous rehydration therapy was able to significantly improve patient survival in suspected,probable,or confirmed EVD cases.展开更多
To improve the quality of seedling picking and throwing in the mechanical transplanting process of pepper hole tray seedlings,this study establishes a dynamic model of pepper hole tray seedlings during the picking and...To improve the quality of seedling picking and throwing in the mechanical transplanting process of pepper hole tray seedlings,this study establishes a dynamic model of pepper hole tray seedlings during the picking and throwing stages.Through analyses of the instantaneous force on stem during clamping,substrate force during pulling,and kinematic analysis during throwing,the relationships between stem deviation from cotyledon center and clamping height,picking mechanism rotation speed and clamp opening speed,as well as throwing speed,throwing height,and horizontal throwing displacement are obtained.The main influencing factors affecting throwing success rate and their critical values are determined,with the optimal clamping position found to be 15 mm from the surface of the substrate to the stem.Bench experiments explore the effects of picking mechanism rotation speed,throwing height,and planting mouth diameter on throwing success rate,with the critical ranges of each factor aligning closely with theoretical analysis results,validating the accuracy and feasibility of the model.To investigate the optimal combination of picking and planting mechanisms under conditions of high throwing rate,a response surface experiment analysis is conducted to establish regression mathematical models between major influencing factors and assessment indicators.Experimental results demonstrate that with mechanism rotation speed at 67 r/min,throwing height at 93 mm,and planting mouth diameter at 137 mm,the optimized throwing success rate reaches 94.58%.This study provides valuable insights for improving the throwing quality of pepper hole tray seedlings during transplanting.展开更多
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Predicting the incidence of this disease in advance is crucial for policymakers to develop prevent...Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Predicting the incidence of this disease in advance is crucial for policymakers to develop prevention and control strategies. In this study, we utilized historical incidence data of SFTS (2013–2020) in Shandong Province, China to establish three univariate prediction models based on two time-series forecasting algorithms Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Prophet, as well as a special type of recurrent neural network Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm. We then evaluated and compared the performance of these models. All three models demonstrated good predictive capabilities for SFTS cases, with the predicted results closely aligning with the actual cases. Among the models, the LSTM model exhibited the best fitting and prediction performance. It achieved the lowest values for mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The number of SFTS cases in the subsequent 5 years in this area were also generated using this model. The LSTM model, being simple and practical, provides valuable information and data for assessing the potential risk of SFTS in advance. This information is crucial for the development of early warning systems and the formulation of effective prevention and control measures for SFTS.展开更多
Introduction:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus,which has a high mortality rate.Predicting the number of SFTS cases is essential for early outbr...Introduction:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus,which has a high mortality rate.Predicting the number of SFTS cases is essential for early outbreak warning and can offer valuable insights for establishing prevention and control measures.Methods:In this study,data on monthly SFTS cases in Hubei Province,China,from 2013 to 2020 were collected.Various time series models based on seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average(SARIMA),Prophet,eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and long short-term memory(LSTM)were developed using these historical data to predict SFTS cases.The established models were evaluated and compared using mean absolute error(MAE)and root mean squared error(RMSE).Results:Four models were developed and performed well in predicting the trend of SFTS cases.The XGBoost model outperformed the others,yielding the closest fit to the actual case numbers and exhibiting the smallest MAE(2.54)and RMSE(2.89)in capturing the seasonal trend and predicting the monthly number of SFTS cases in Hubei Province.Conclusion:The developed XGBoost model represents a promising and valuable tool for SFTS prediction and early warning in Hubei Province,China.展开更多
Different responses or tolerance to thermal stress between invasive and native species can affect the outcome of interactions between climate change and biological invasion.However,knowledge about the physiological me...Different responses or tolerance to thermal stress between invasive and native species can affect the outcome of interactions between climate change and biological invasion.However,knowledge about the physiological mechanisms that modulate the interspecific differences in thermal tolerance is limited.The present study analyzes the metabolic responses to thermal stress by the globally invasive turtle,Trachemys scripta elegans,as compared with two co-occurring native turtle species in China,Pelodiscus sinensis and Mauremys reevesii.Changes in metabolite contents and the expression or enzyme activities of genes involved in energy sensing,glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,and tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle after exposure to gradient temperatures were assessed in turtle juveniles.Invasive and native turtles showed distinct metabolic responses to thermal stress.T.scripta elegans showed greater transcriptional regulation of energy sensors than the native turtles.Enhanced anaerobic metabolism was needed by all three species under extreme heat conditions,but phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the invader showed stronger upregulation or stable responses than the native species,which showed inhibition by high temperatures.These contrasts were pronounced in the muscles of the three species.Regulation of lipid metabolism was observed in both T.scripta elegans and P.sinensis but not in M.reevesii under thermal stress.Thermal stress did not inhibit the TCA cycle in turtles.Different metabolic responses to thermal stress may contribute to interspecific differences in thermal tolerance.Overall,our study further suggested the potential role of physiological differences in mediating interactions between climate change and biological invasion.展开更多
Bufotes taxkorensis and B. zamdaensis are toads endemic to China. Both species inhabit highelevation and saline environments, and so provide a unique opportunity to investigate the adaptive responses of amphibians to ...Bufotes taxkorensis and B. zamdaensis are toads endemic to China. Both species inhabit highelevation and saline environments, and so provide a unique opportunity to investigate the adaptive responses of amphibians to extreme habitats. In the present study, we first observed and measured the histological structures of their skin and kidney in B.taxkorensis and B. zamdaensis. We then compared these results with similar findings for the low-elevation seawater dweller Fejervarya cancrivora and, finally,contrasted them with available data on species living in diverse habitats. Our results revealed the following adaptations:(1) In the Bufotes species, the epidermis and dermis both contain capillary vessels, facilitating blood-gas exchange and promoting adaptation to high-elevation hypoxia. The thick pigment layers present in the ventral skin of B. taxkorensis also help in adaptation to lower temperatures. In addition, the relative epidermis thickness of the dorsal and ventral skin is significantly greater in Bufotes species than in F.cancrivora, indicating adaptation to a terrestrial habitat.Comparing the terrestrial and semiaquatic species, we find that total dorsal and ventral thicknesses are both significantly greater in terrestrial than in semiaquatic species, helping to reduce water evaporation and damage from crawling, and thus promoting adaptation to terrestrial life.(2) The relative kidney filtration area of the Bufotes species is not significantly different from that of F. cancrivora, but accounts for only half that of terrestrial Bufo species. This lower total relative filtration area prevents excessive urea from being filtered out, avoiding excessive loss of body water and promoting adaptation to saline conditions. At the same time, the relative diameter of the proximal segment of Bufotes species is found to be similar to that of the semiaquatic F. cancrivora,facilitating the resorption of water and ions to increase plasma osmolality and promoting adaptation to saline environments. The findings of the present study offer insights into the adaptive mechanisms of amphibians in extreme environments and different habitats.展开更多
Many applications requiring both spectral and spatial information at high resolution benefit from spectral imaging.Although different technical methods have been developed and commercially available,computational spec...Many applications requiring both spectral and spatial information at high resolution benefit from spectral imaging.Although different technical methods have been developed and commercially available,computational spectral cameras represent a compact,lightweight,and inexpensive solution.However,the tradeoff between spatial and spectral resolutions,dominated by the limited data volume and environmental noise,limits the potential of these cameras.In this study,we developed a deeply learned broadband encoding stochastic hyperspectral camera.In particular,using advanced artificial intelligenee in filter design and spectrum reconstruction,we achieved 7000-11,000 times faster signal processing and〜10 times improvement regarding noise toleranee.These improvements enabled us to precisely and dynamically reconstruct the spectra of the entire field of view,previously unreachable with compact computational spectral cameras.展开更多
Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)have been implemented worldwide to suppress the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,few studies have evaluated the effect of NPIs on other infectious d...Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)have been implemented worldwide to suppress the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,few studies have evaluated the effect of NPIs on other infectious diseases and none has assessed the avoided disease burden associated with NPIs.We aimed to assess the effect of NPIs on the incidence of infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and evaluate the health economic benefits related to the reduction in the incidence of infectious diseases.Methods Data on 10 notifiable infectious diseases across China during 2010–2020 were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.A two-stage controlled interrupted time-series design with a quasi-Poisson regression model was used to examine the impact of NPIs on the incidence of infectious diseases.The analysis was first performed at the provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)level in China,then the PLAD-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effect meta-analysis.Results A total of 61,393,737 cases of 10 infectious diseases were identified.The implementation of NPIs was associated with 5.13 million(95%confidence interval[CI]3.45‒7.42)avoided cases and USD 1.77 billion(95%CI 1.18‒2.57)avoided hospital expenditures in 2020.There were 4.52 million(95%CI 3.00‒6.63)avoided cases for children and adolescents,corresponding to 88.2%of total avoided cases.The top leading cause of avoided burden attributable to NPIs was influenza[avoided percentage(AP):89.3%;95%CI 84.5‒92.6].Socioeconomic status and population density were effect modifiers.Conclusions NPIs for COVID-19 could effectively control the prevalence of infectious diseases,with patterns of risk varying by socioeconomic status.These findings have important implications for informing targeted strategies to prevent infectious diseases.展开更多
Food fermentation has a long history in China[1].Traditional fermented dairy products contain an array of natural microbes and some of them exert desirable health effects[2].There is a growing interest in identifying ...Food fermentation has a long history in China[1].Traditional fermented dairy products contain an array of natural microbes and some of them exert desirable health effects[2].There is a growing interest in identifying specific health-promoting microbes present in the fermented dairy products[3].展开更多
Acute cold exposure may disturb the physiological homeostasis of the body in ectotherms.To date,there has been no information on the effects of cold exposure on homeostasis of reactive oxygen species(ROS)or antioxidan...Acute cold exposure may disturb the physiological homeostasis of the body in ectotherms.To date,there has been no information on the effects of cold exposure on homeostasis of reactive oxygen species(ROS)or antioxidant defense response in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle,Pelodiscus sinensis.In this study,P.sinensis juveniles were acclimated at 28℃,transferred to 8℃ as cold exposure for 12 h,then moved back to 28℃ rewarming for 24 h.We measured the ROS level and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)in the brain,liver,kidney and spleen at 2 and 12 h cold exposure,and at the end of the rewarming period.Malonaldehyde(MDA)and carbonyl protein were used as markers of oxidative damage.Turtles being maintained simultaneously at 28℃ were used as the control group.Cold exposure did not disturb the ROS balance in all 4 tissues,while rewarming raised the ROS level in the brain and kidney of P.sinensis.Cold exposure and rewarming decreased the TAC in the brain,liver and spleen but did not change the TAC in the kidney.MDA and carbonyl protein levels did not increase during the treatment,indicating no oxidative damage in all 4 tissues of P.sinensis.Our results indicated that extreme cold exposure did not impact the inner oxidative balance of P.sinensis,but more ROS was produced during rewarming.P.sinensis showed good tolerance to the harsh temperature change through effective protection of its antioxidant defense system to oxidative damage.This study provides basic data on the stress biology of P.sinensis.展开更多
With the development of computer science,more and more hardware implementations can be reproduced by software programming,bringing compact,cheap,and fast components to imaging instrumentation.In recent years,computati...With the development of computer science,more and more hardware implementations can be reproduced by software programming,bringing compact,cheap,and fast components to imaging instrumentation.In recent years,computational methods have been introduced into spectral detection,and computational spectrum acquisition implementations have emerged.This paper highlights the advantages of computational spectrum acquisition implementations by comparing them with traditional noncomputational methods.Then,focusing on the compact feature,we review the most representative implementations,and finally make discussion and offer an outlook.展开更多
Backgrounds Most significant findings from the Global Tuberculosis(TB)Report 2023 indicate that India,Indonesia,China,the Philippines,Pakistan,Nigeria,Bangladesh,and the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)collective...Backgrounds Most significant findings from the Global Tuberculosis(TB)Report 2023 indicate that India,Indonesia,China,the Philippines,Pakistan,Nigeria,Bangladesh,and the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)collectively contribute to approximately two-thirds of global TB cases.This study aims to provide crucial data-driven insights and references to improve TB control measures through a comprehensive analysis of these eight high-burden countries.Methods The eight high-burden TB countries analyzed in this study include India,Indonesia,China,the Philippines,Pakistan,Nigeria,Bangladesh,and the DRC.Age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR)of TB were derived from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021 data.Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression.An age-period-cohort model was applied to examine the risk ratios(RR)of TB across diverse age groups,periods,and birth cohorts.A Bayesian age-period-cohort framework was employed to predict the ASIR of TB by 2030.Results The study found that the Philippines(average annual percentage change=3.1%,P<0.001)exhibited an upward trend from 1990 to 2021.In India,the Philippines,Pakistan,and Bangladesh,the RR of TB incidence exceeded 1 after individuals reached 25 years old.Notably,the RR has shown a consistent upward trend since 2001,peaking during the period of 2017-2021 with an estimated RR of 1.5(P<0.001)in the Philippines.Similarly,the highest RR was observed during the period of 2017-2021 reaching 1.1(P<0.001)in the DRC.In the Philippines,the markedly increasing RR values for TB have been observed among individuals born after 1997-2001.Projections suggest that the ASIR of TB is expected to follow a continued upward trajectory,with an estimated rate of 392.9 per 100,000 by 2030 in the Philippines;India and Indonesia are projected to achieve less than 20.0%of the target set by the World Health Organization(WHO).Conclusions Among the eight high-burden countries,the Philippines,India and Indonesia are diverging from the goals set by the WHO,and the risk of TB in the Philippines and the DRC shows a trend toward affecting younger populations,which suggests that the management strategies for TB patients need to be further strengthened.展开更多
文摘<i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> is widely distributed in Wanning County, it is necessary to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> in order to maintain the elimination of malaria in Wanning. During May and October 2009, we sampled adult mosquitoes at 36 villages within Wanning County on Hainan island, and collected meteorological and geographical data at each sampling site. We used these data to analyze the spatial distribution of adult <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> mosquitoes, and logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the association of the spatial distribution of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> with the geographical and meteorological factors. We found that the density of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> showed a significant positive spatial correlation. From May to October, on the whole, the high-density area was located in the central part of Wanning County. But each month there was a relatively high-density cluster, and their location and range were not exactly the same. From east to west, the density of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> increased initially and then decreased, but from south to north, there were different trends in the periods of May to August and September to October. Logistic regression analysis showed that the main environmental factors related with the distribution of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> were land use type, soil type, distance to road, air pressure and relative humidity. These analysis results showed that the distribution of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> had obvious spatial heterogeneity in Wanning County, which was related with geographical and meteorological factors. The mechanism of these environmental factors on the distribution of <i>Anopheles</i> <i>sinensis</i> needs to be further studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31922071)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2021ZD08)Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(BR220301).
文摘This study reviewed clinical evidence of probiotics-mediated effects on constipation.Four databases were used in the literature searches,namely Cochrane Library,Embase,Pubmed,and Web of Science.The last retrieval time was March 2021.Collected data were analyzed by Review Manager(version 5.3)and Stata(version 14).The primary search retrieved 8418 articles after removing duplicates.Eventually,26 studies were included in the meta-analysis.Administration of probiotics signifi cantly increased stool frequency(MD:1.15 times/week;95%CI:0.59 to 1.70;P<0.0001),improved bloating(MD:-0.48;95%CI:-0.89 to-0.07;P=0.02),reduced abdominal pain(MD:-0.71;95%CI:-1.25 to-0.16;P=0.01),and improved quality of life(MD:-0.73;95%CI:-1.37 to-0.10;P=0.02).However,the clinical effect of intake of probiotics on stool consistency was non-signifi cant(MD:0.07;95%CI:-0.34 to 0.48;P=0.73).Based on our analysis,probiotic supplements were effective in relieving constipation through symptom improvement.The effectiveness of dosage forms of intervention ranked:capsules>others(tablets,powder)>fermented milk.
基金supported by Technology Foundation for Selected Overseas Chinese Scholar,Ministry of Personnel of China,2011,Ren 1144
文摘The use of iodine-125 （L251） in cancer treatment has been shown to relieve patients＇ pain. Consid- ering dorsal root ganglia are critical for neural transmission between the peripheral and central nervous systems, we assumed that 125I could be implanted into rat dorsal root ganglia to provide relief for neuropathic pain. 125I seeds with different radioactivity （0, 14.8, 29.6 MBq） were im- planted separately through L4-5 and L5-6 intervertebral foramen into the vicinity of the L5 dorsal root ganglion, von Frey hair results demonstrated the mechanical pain threshold was elevated after implanting 125I seeds from the high radioactivity group. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that nuclear membrane shrinkage, nucleolar margination, widespread mitochondrial swelling, partial vacuolization, lysosome increase, and partial endoplasmic reticulum dilation were visible at 1,440 hours in the low radioactivity group and at 336 hours in the high radio- activity group. Abundant nuclear membrane shrinkage, partial fuzzy nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum necrosis were observed at 1,440 hours in the high radioactivity group. No significant difference in combined behavioral scores was detected between preoperation and postoperation in the low and high radioactivity groups. These results suggested that the mechan- ical pain threshold was elevated after implanting 125I seeds without influencing motor functions of the hind limb, although cell injury was present.
文摘The four artificial lakes in Guangzhou(Liwan Lake,Liuhua Lake,Lu Lake,Dongshan Lake)have maintained a benign relationship with the city for the symbiosis of human,nature and society since the end of the 1950s.Taking the four artificial lakes in Guangzhou as the research object,reviewing the construction process of the four artificial lakes in Guangzhou,and combing the ecological practice experience of the four artificial lakes.It is concluded that siting selection suitable for urban geographic conditions,considering the construction of artificial lakes in urban water systems,designing incorporating cultural,constructing and renovating the park combined with urban development and establishing lake-park symbiosis are the internal cause for the benign interoperability and coordinated development of the four artificial lakes and cities.In order to provide reference for the construction of urban artificial lakes in Guangzhou and the urban ecological environment construction of Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao Dawan District.
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant#81550001)and the University of Florida pre-eminence initiative.
文摘Background:The unprecedented size of the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease(EVD)outbreak in West Africa has allowed for a more extensive characterization of the clinical presentation and management of this disease.In this study,we report the trends in morbidity,mortality,and determinants of patient survival as EVD spread into Bong County,Liberia.Methods:An analysis of suspected,probable,or confirmed cases of EVD(n=607)reported to the Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare(MOHSW)between March 23rd and December 31st 2014 was conducted.The likelihood of infection given exposure factors was determined using logistic regression in individuals with a definitive diagnosis by RT-PCR(n=321).The risk of short-term mortality(30 days)given demographic factors,clinical symptoms,and highest level of treatment received was assessed with Cox regression and survival analyses(n=391).Results:The overall mortality rate was 53.5%(95%CI:49%,58%)and decreased as access to medical treatment increased.Those who reported contact with another EVD case were more likely to be infected(OR:5.7),as were those who attended a funeral(OR:3.9).Mortality increased with age(P<0.001)and was higher in males compared to females(P=0.006).Fever(HR:6.63),vomiting(HR:1.93),diarrhea(HR:1.99),and unexplained bleeding(HR:2.17)were associated with increased mortality.After adjusting for age,hospitalized patients had a 74%reduction in the risk of short term mortality(P<0.001 AHR:0.26;95%CI AHR:0.18,0.37),compared to those not given medical intervention.Conclusion:Even treatment with only basic supportive care such as intravenous rehydration therapy was able to significantly improve patient survival in suspected,probable,or confirmed EVD cases.
基金supported in part by the Innovation Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘To improve the quality of seedling picking and throwing in the mechanical transplanting process of pepper hole tray seedlings,this study establishes a dynamic model of pepper hole tray seedlings during the picking and throwing stages.Through analyses of the instantaneous force on stem during clamping,substrate force during pulling,and kinematic analysis during throwing,the relationships between stem deviation from cotyledon center and clamping height,picking mechanism rotation speed and clamp opening speed,as well as throwing speed,throwing height,and horizontal throwing displacement are obtained.The main influencing factors affecting throwing success rate and their critical values are determined,with the optimal clamping position found to be 15 mm from the surface of the substrate to the stem.Bench experiments explore the effects of picking mechanism rotation speed,throwing height,and planting mouth diameter on throwing success rate,with the critical ranges of each factor aligning closely with theoretical analysis results,validating the accuracy and feasibility of the model.To investigate the optimal combination of picking and planting mechanisms under conditions of high throwing rate,a response surface experiment analysis is conducted to establish regression mathematical models between major influencing factors and assessment indicators.Experimental results demonstrate that with mechanism rotation speed at 67 r/min,throwing height at 93 mm,and planting mouth diameter at 137 mm,the optimized throwing success rate reaches 94.58%.This study provides valuable insights for improving the throwing quality of pepper hole tray seedlings during transplanting.
基金funded by Medical Science and Technology Projects,China(JK2023GK002,JK2023GK003,and JK2023GK004).
文摘Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Predicting the incidence of this disease in advance is crucial for policymakers to develop prevention and control strategies. In this study, we utilized historical incidence data of SFTS (2013–2020) in Shandong Province, China to establish three univariate prediction models based on two time-series forecasting algorithms Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Prophet, as well as a special type of recurrent neural network Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm. We then evaluated and compared the performance of these models. All three models demonstrated good predictive capabilities for SFTS cases, with the predicted results closely aligning with the actual cases. Among the models, the LSTM model exhibited the best fitting and prediction performance. It achieved the lowest values for mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The number of SFTS cases in the subsequent 5 years in this area were also generated using this model. The LSTM model, being simple and practical, provides valuable information and data for assessing the potential risk of SFTS in advance. This information is crucial for the development of early warning systems and the formulation of effective prevention and control measures for SFTS.
基金Supported by Medical Science and Technology Projects(JK2023002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273691)Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity(No.SKLPBS2137).
文摘Introduction:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus,which has a high mortality rate.Predicting the number of SFTS cases is essential for early outbreak warning and can offer valuable insights for establishing prevention and control measures.Methods:In this study,data on monthly SFTS cases in Hubei Province,China,from 2013 to 2020 were collected.Various time series models based on seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average(SARIMA),Prophet,eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and long short-term memory(LSTM)were developed using these historical data to predict SFTS cases.The established models were evaluated and compared using mean absolute error(MAE)and root mean squared error(RMSE).Results:Four models were developed and performed well in predicting the trend of SFTS cases.The XGBoost model outperformed the others,yielding the closest fit to the actual case numbers and exhibiting the smallest MAE(2.54)and RMSE(2.89)in capturing the seasonal trend and predicting the monthly number of SFTS cases in Hubei Province.Conclusion:The developed XGBoost model represents a promising and valuable tool for SFTS prediction and early warning in Hubei Province,China.
基金funded by the Youth Science Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901094)the University Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(22KJD190002)。
文摘Different responses or tolerance to thermal stress between invasive and native species can affect the outcome of interactions between climate change and biological invasion.However,knowledge about the physiological mechanisms that modulate the interspecific differences in thermal tolerance is limited.The present study analyzes the metabolic responses to thermal stress by the globally invasive turtle,Trachemys scripta elegans,as compared with two co-occurring native turtle species in China,Pelodiscus sinensis and Mauremys reevesii.Changes in metabolite contents and the expression or enzyme activities of genes involved in energy sensing,glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,and tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle after exposure to gradient temperatures were assessed in turtle juveniles.Invasive and native turtles showed distinct metabolic responses to thermal stress.T.scripta elegans showed greater transcriptional regulation of energy sensors than the native turtles.Enhanced anaerobic metabolism was needed by all three species under extreme heat conditions,but phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the invader showed stronger upregulation or stable responses than the native species,which showed inhibition by high temperatures.These contrasts were pronounced in the muscles of the three species.Regulation of lipid metabolism was observed in both T.scripta elegans and P.sinensis but not in M.reevesii under thermal stress.Thermal stress did not inhibit the TCA cycle in turtles.Different metabolic responses to thermal stress may contribute to interspecific differences in thermal tolerance.Overall,our study further suggested the potential role of physiological differences in mediating interactions between climate change and biological invasion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32200378)the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program (2022xjkk0205-1)+1 种基金the Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Xizang (ZL202203601)China Biodiversity Observation Networks (Sino BON-Amphibian & Reptile)。
文摘Bufotes taxkorensis and B. zamdaensis are toads endemic to China. Both species inhabit highelevation and saline environments, and so provide a unique opportunity to investigate the adaptive responses of amphibians to extreme habitats. In the present study, we first observed and measured the histological structures of their skin and kidney in B.taxkorensis and B. zamdaensis. We then compared these results with similar findings for the low-elevation seawater dweller Fejervarya cancrivora and, finally,contrasted them with available data on species living in diverse habitats. Our results revealed the following adaptations:(1) In the Bufotes species, the epidermis and dermis both contain capillary vessels, facilitating blood-gas exchange and promoting adaptation to high-elevation hypoxia. The thick pigment layers present in the ventral skin of B. taxkorensis also help in adaptation to lower temperatures. In addition, the relative epidermis thickness of the dorsal and ventral skin is significantly greater in Bufotes species than in F.cancrivora, indicating adaptation to a terrestrial habitat.Comparing the terrestrial and semiaquatic species, we find that total dorsal and ventral thicknesses are both significantly greater in terrestrial than in semiaquatic species, helping to reduce water evaporation and damage from crawling, and thus promoting adaptation to terrestrial life.(2) The relative kidney filtration area of the Bufotes species is not significantly different from that of F. cancrivora, but accounts for only half that of terrestrial Bufo species. This lower total relative filtration area prevents excessive urea from being filtered out, avoiding excessive loss of body water and promoting adaptation to saline conditions. At the same time, the relative diameter of the proximal segment of Bufotes species is found to be similar to that of the semiaquatic F. cancrivora,facilitating the resorption of water and ions to increase plasma osmolality and promoting adaptation to saline environments. The findings of the present study offer insights into the adaptive mechanisms of amphibians in extreme environments and different habitats.
基金the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92050115)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ21F050003)ZJU-Sunny Innovation Center(2019-01).
文摘Many applications requiring both spectral and spatial information at high resolution benefit from spectral imaging.Although different technical methods have been developed and commercially available,computational spectral cameras represent a compact,lightweight,and inexpensive solution.However,the tradeoff between spatial and spectral resolutions,dominated by the limited data volume and environmental noise,limits the potential of these cameras.In this study,we developed a deeply learned broadband encoding stochastic hyperspectral camera.In particular,using advanced artificial intelligenee in filter design and spectrum reconstruction,we achieved 7000-11,000 times faster signal processing and〜10 times improvement regarding noise toleranee.These improvements enabled us to precisely and dynamically reconstruct the spectra of the entire field of view,previously unreachable with compact computational spectral cameras.
基金supported by Chinese Major Grant for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases(2018ZX10713003)the Australian Research Council(DP210102076)+4 种基金the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(GNT2000581)WY and BW were supported by China Scholarship Council(number 202006010044 for YW and 202006010043 for BW)SL is supported by an Emerging Leader Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRCGNT2009866)YG is supported by NHMRC Career Development Fellowship(GNT1163693)and Leader Fellowship(GNT2008813).
文摘Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)have been implemented worldwide to suppress the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,few studies have evaluated the effect of NPIs on other infectious diseases and none has assessed the avoided disease burden associated with NPIs.We aimed to assess the effect of NPIs on the incidence of infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and evaluate the health economic benefits related to the reduction in the incidence of infectious diseases.Methods Data on 10 notifiable infectious diseases across China during 2010–2020 were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.A two-stage controlled interrupted time-series design with a quasi-Poisson regression model was used to examine the impact of NPIs on the incidence of infectious diseases.The analysis was first performed at the provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)level in China,then the PLAD-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effect meta-analysis.Results A total of 61,393,737 cases of 10 infectious diseases were identified.The implementation of NPIs was associated with 5.13 million(95%confidence interval[CI]3.45‒7.42)avoided cases and USD 1.77 billion(95%CI 1.18‒2.57)avoided hospital expenditures in 2020.There were 4.52 million(95%CI 3.00‒6.63)avoided cases for children and adolescents,corresponding to 88.2%of total avoided cases.The top leading cause of avoided burden attributable to NPIs was influenza[avoided percentage(AP):89.3%;95%CI 84.5‒92.6].Socioeconomic status and population density were effect modifiers.Conclusions NPIs for COVID-19 could effectively control the prevalence of infectious diseases,with patterns of risk varying by socioeconomic status.These findings have important implications for informing targeted strategies to prevent infectious diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771954 and 31922071)。
文摘Food fermentation has a long history in China[1].Traditional fermented dairy products contain an array of natural microbes and some of them exert desirable health effects[2].There is a growing interest in identifying specific health-promoting microbes present in the fermented dairy products[3].
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31172383)。
文摘Acute cold exposure may disturb the physiological homeostasis of the body in ectotherms.To date,there has been no information on the effects of cold exposure on homeostasis of reactive oxygen species(ROS)or antioxidant defense response in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle,Pelodiscus sinensis.In this study,P.sinensis juveniles were acclimated at 28℃,transferred to 8℃ as cold exposure for 12 h,then moved back to 28℃ rewarming for 24 h.We measured the ROS level and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)in the brain,liver,kidney and spleen at 2 and 12 h cold exposure,and at the end of the rewarming period.Malonaldehyde(MDA)and carbonyl protein were used as markers of oxidative damage.Turtles being maintained simultaneously at 28℃ were used as the control group.Cold exposure did not disturb the ROS balance in all 4 tissues,while rewarming raised the ROS level in the brain and kidney of P.sinensis.Cold exposure and rewarming decreased the TAC in the brain,liver and spleen but did not change the TAC in the kidney.MDA and carbonyl protein levels did not increase during the treatment,indicating no oxidative damage in all 4 tissues of P.sinensis.Our results indicated that extreme cold exposure did not impact the inner oxidative balance of P.sinensis,but more ROS was produced during rewarming.P.sinensis showed good tolerance to the harsh temperature change through effective protection of its antioxidant defense system to oxidative damage.This study provides basic data on the stress biology of P.sinensis.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFA0701400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2019QNA5006)+1 种基金the ZJU-Sunny Photonics Innovation CenterChina(No.2019-01)。
文摘With the development of computer science,more and more hardware implementations can be reproduced by software programming,bringing compact,cheap,and fast components to imaging instrumentation.In recent years,computational methods have been introduced into spectral detection,and computational spectrum acquisition implementations have emerged.This paper highlights the advantages of computational spectrum acquisition implementations by comparing them with traditional noncomputational methods.Then,focusing on the compact feature,we review the most representative implementations,and finally make discussion and offer an outlook.
文摘Backgrounds Most significant findings from the Global Tuberculosis(TB)Report 2023 indicate that India,Indonesia,China,the Philippines,Pakistan,Nigeria,Bangladesh,and the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)collectively contribute to approximately two-thirds of global TB cases.This study aims to provide crucial data-driven insights and references to improve TB control measures through a comprehensive analysis of these eight high-burden countries.Methods The eight high-burden TB countries analyzed in this study include India,Indonesia,China,the Philippines,Pakistan,Nigeria,Bangladesh,and the DRC.Age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR)of TB were derived from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021 data.Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression.An age-period-cohort model was applied to examine the risk ratios(RR)of TB across diverse age groups,periods,and birth cohorts.A Bayesian age-period-cohort framework was employed to predict the ASIR of TB by 2030.Results The study found that the Philippines(average annual percentage change=3.1%,P<0.001)exhibited an upward trend from 1990 to 2021.In India,the Philippines,Pakistan,and Bangladesh,the RR of TB incidence exceeded 1 after individuals reached 25 years old.Notably,the RR has shown a consistent upward trend since 2001,peaking during the period of 2017-2021 with an estimated RR of 1.5(P<0.001)in the Philippines.Similarly,the highest RR was observed during the period of 2017-2021 reaching 1.1(P<0.001)in the DRC.In the Philippines,the markedly increasing RR values for TB have been observed among individuals born after 1997-2001.Projections suggest that the ASIR of TB is expected to follow a continued upward trajectory,with an estimated rate of 392.9 per 100,000 by 2030 in the Philippines;India and Indonesia are projected to achieve less than 20.0%of the target set by the World Health Organization(WHO).Conclusions Among the eight high-burden countries,the Philippines,India and Indonesia are diverging from the goals set by the WHO,and the risk of TB in the Philippines and the DRC shows a trend toward affecting younger populations,which suggests that the management strategies for TB patients need to be further strengthened.
