The efficient extraction of sodium(Na^(+))and lithium(Li^(+))from seawater and salt lakes is increasingly demanding due to their great application value in chemical industries.However,coexisting cations such as divale...The efficient extraction of sodium(Na^(+))and lithium(Li^(+))from seawater and salt lakes is increasingly demanding due to their great application value in chemical industries.However,coexisting cations such as divalent calcium(Ca^(2+))and magnesium(Mg^(2+))ions are at the subnanometer scale in diameter,similar to target monovalent ions,making ion separation a great challenge.Here,we propose a simple and fast secondary growth method for the preparation of MIL-53(Al)-NH_(2)membranes on the surface of anodic aluminum oxide.Such membranes contain angstrom-scale(~7Å)channels for the entrance of small monovalent ions and water molecules,endowing the selectivities for monovalent cations over divalent cations and water over salt molecules.The resulting high-connectivity MIL-53(Al)-NH_(2)membranes exhibit excellent ion separation performance(a selectivity of 121.42 for Na^(+)/Ca^(2+)and 93.81 for Li^(+)/Mg^(2+))and desalination performance(a water/salt selectivity of up to 5196).This work highlights metal–organic framework membranes as potential candidates for realizing ion separation and desalination in liquid treatment.展开更多
Maintaining an appropriate level of trust in automated driving(AD)is critical to safe driving.However,few studies have explored factors affecting trust in AD in general,and no study,as far as is known,has directly inv...Maintaining an appropriate level of trust in automated driving(AD)is critical to safe driving.However,few studies have explored factors affecting trust in AD in general,and no study,as far as is known,has directly investigated whether driver personality influences driver trust in an AD system.The current study investigates the relation between driver personality and driver trust in AD,focusing on Level 2 AD.Participants were required to perform a period of AD in a driving simulator,during which their gaze and driving behavior were recorded,as well as their subjective trust scores after driving.In three distinct measures,a significant correlation between Openness and driver trust in the AD system is found:participants with higher Openness traits tend to have less trust in the AD system.No significant correlations between driver trust in AD and other personality traits are found.The findings suggest that driver personality has an impact on driver trust in AD.Theoretical and practical implications of this finding are discussed.展开更多
Drought can greatly impact the biodiversity of an ecosystem and play a crucial role in regulating its functioning.However,the specific mechanisms by which drought mediate the biodiversity effect(BE)on community biomas...Drought can greatly impact the biodiversity of an ecosystem and play a crucial role in regulating its functioning.However,the specific mechanisms by which drought mediate the biodiversity effect(BE)on community biomass in above-and belowground through functional traits remain poorly understood.Here,we conducted a common garden experiment in a greenhouse,which included two plant species richness levels and two water addition levels,to analyze the effects of biodiversity on aboveground biomass(AGB),belowground biomass(BGB)and total biomass(TB),and to quantify the relationship between BEs and functional traits under drought conditions.Our analysis focused on partitioning BEs into above-and belowground complementarity effect(CE)and selection effect(SE)at the species level,which allowed us to better understand the impacts of biodiversity on community biomass and the underlying mechanisms.Our results showed that plant species richness stimulated AGB,BGB and TB through CEs.Drought decreased AGB,BGB and TB,simultaneously.In addition,the aboveground CE was positively associated with the variation in plant height.SEs in above-and belowground were negatively correlated with the community mean plant height and root length,respectively.Furthermore,drought weakened the aboveground CE by decreasing variation in plant height,resulting in a reduction in AGB and TB.Our findings demonstrate that the complementarity of species is an important regulator of community biomass in above-and belowground,the dynamics of biomass under environmental stress are associated with the response of sensitive compartments.展开更多
Federated learning effectively alleviates privacy and security issues raised by the development of artificial intelligence through a distributed training architecture.Existing research has shown that attackers can com...Federated learning effectively alleviates privacy and security issues raised by the development of artificial intelligence through a distributed training architecture.Existing research has shown that attackers can compromise user privacy and security by stealing model parameters.Therefore,differential privacy is applied in federated learning to further address malicious issues.However,the addition of noise and the update clipping mechanism in differential privacy jointly limit the further development of federated learning in privacy protection and performance optimization.Therefore,we propose an adaptive adjusted differential privacy federated learning method.First,a dynamic adaptive privacy budget allocation strategy is proposed,which flexibly adjusts the privacy budget within a given range based on the client’s data volume and training requirements,thereby alleviating the loss of privacy budget and the magnitude of model noise.Second,a longitudinal clipping differential privacy strategy is proposed,which based on the differences in factors that affect parameter updates,uses sparse methods to trim local updates,thereby reducing the impact of privacy pruning steps on model accuracy.The two strategies work together to ensure user privacy while the effect of differential privacy on model accuracy is reduced.To evaluate the effectiveness of our method,we conducted extensive experiments on benchmark datasets,and the results showed that our proposed method performed well in terms of performance and privacy protection.展开更多
Inertial Navigation System/Celestial Navigation System(INS/CNS)integration,especially for the tightly-coupled mode,provides a promising autonomous tactics for Hypersonic Vehicle(HV)in military demands.However,INS/CNS ...Inertial Navigation System/Celestial Navigation System(INS/CNS)integration,especially for the tightly-coupled mode,provides a promising autonomous tactics for Hypersonic Vehicle(HV)in military demands.However,INS/CNS integration is a challenging research task due to its special characteristics such as strong nonlinearity,non-additive noise and dynamic complexity.This paper presents a novel nonlinear filtering method for INS/CNS integration by adopting the emerging Cubature Kalman Filter(CKF)to handle the strong INS error model nonlinearity caused by HV's high dynamics.It combines the state-augmentation technique into the nonlinear CKF to decrease the negative effect of non-additive noise in inertial measurements.Subsequently,a technique for the detection of dynamic model uncertainty is developed,and the augmented CKF is modified with fading memory to tackle dynamic model uncertainty by rigorously deriving the fading factor via the theory of Mahalanobis distance without artificial empiricism.Simulation results and comparison analysis prove that the proposed method can effectively curb the adverse impacts of non-additive noise and dynamic model uncertainty for inertial measurements,leading to improved performance for HV navigation with tightly-coupled INS/CNS integration.展开更多
Since the historical discovery of high Tc superconductivity(HTS)of La2CuO4 in 1986[1],the superconductivity me chanism of copper oxides remains one of the biggest mysteries in the field of condensed matter physics[2-1...Since the historical discovery of high Tc superconductivity(HTS)of La2CuO4 in 1986[1],the superconductivity me chanism of copper oxides remains one of the biggest mysteries in the field of condensed matter physics[2-10].High-Tc cuprates crystallize into layered perovskite structure,as well as copper oxygen octahedron coordination.In octahedron symmetry,the 3d orbitals of Cu^2+with a 3d^9 configuration degenerate into two top eg and three lower t2g orbitals.展开更多
In La-Cr-As system,the first ternary compound La3CrAs5 has been successfully synthesized under highpressure and high-temperature conditions.La3CrAs5 crystallizes into a hexagonal Hf5Sn3Cu-anti type structure with a sp...In La-Cr-As system,the first ternary compound La3CrAs5 has been successfully synthesized under highpressure and high-temperature conditions.La3CrAs5 crystallizes into a hexagonal Hf5Sn3Cu-anti type structure with a space group of P63/mcm(No.193)and lattice parameters of a=b=8.9845A and c=5.8897A.The structure contains facesharing octahedral CrAs6 chains along the c-axis,which are arranged triangularly in the ab-plane and separated by a significantly large distance of 8.9845A.The magnetic properties,resistivity and specific heat measurements were performed.La3CrAs5 exhibits a metallic state with Fermi liquid behavior at low temperatures and undergoes a ferromagnetic transition at Curie temperature TC^50 K.First-principles theoretical studies were conducted to calculate its band structure and density of states(DOS),which indicated that the non-negligible contribution of La to the DOS near the Fermi level caused La3CrAs5 to be a three-dimensional(3D)metal.The crystal orbital Hamilton population(-COHP)was also calculated to explain the global stability and bonding characteristics in the structure of La3CrAs5.展开更多
The discovery of high-temperature copper oxide superconductors(HTS)by Bednorz and Muller[1]in 1986 opened up a new field of superconductivity.Since then,several different families of materials have been discovered wit...The discovery of high-temperature copper oxide superconductors(HTS)by Bednorz and Muller[1]in 1986 opened up a new field of superconductivity.Since then,several different families of materials have been discovered with greatly increased superconducting critical temperature(Tc)[2].Oxychloride cuprates,Can+1CunO2wCl2,are one such type of parent compound of high Tc cuprate superconductors.There are two members in this family known so far that can exist at ambient pressure:Ca2CuO2Cl2(single[Cu02]layer CCOC)and Ca3Cu2O4Cl2(double[CuO2]layer CCOC).Both are composed of a[CuO2]plane with the apical oxygen replaced by chlorine atoms.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2060000030)USTC Research Funds of the Double First Class Initiative(YD2060002022)Major Science and Technology Innovation Projects in Shandong Province(2022CXGC020415).
文摘The efficient extraction of sodium(Na^(+))and lithium(Li^(+))from seawater and salt lakes is increasingly demanding due to their great application value in chemical industries.However,coexisting cations such as divalent calcium(Ca^(2+))and magnesium(Mg^(2+))ions are at the subnanometer scale in diameter,similar to target monovalent ions,making ion separation a great challenge.Here,we propose a simple and fast secondary growth method for the preparation of MIL-53(Al)-NH_(2)membranes on the surface of anodic aluminum oxide.Such membranes contain angstrom-scale(~7Å)channels for the entrance of small monovalent ions and water molecules,endowing the selectivities for monovalent cations over divalent cations and water over salt molecules.The resulting high-connectivity MIL-53(Al)-NH_(2)membranes exhibit excellent ion separation performance(a selectivity of 121.42 for Na^(+)/Ca^(2+)and 93.81 for Li^(+)/Mg^(2+))and desalination performance(a water/salt selectivity of up to 5196).This work highlights metal–organic framework membranes as potential candidates for realizing ion separation and desalination in liquid treatment.
文摘Maintaining an appropriate level of trust in automated driving(AD)is critical to safe driving.However,few studies have explored factors affecting trust in AD in general,and no study,as far as is known,has directly investigated whether driver personality influences driver trust in an AD system.The current study investigates the relation between driver personality and driver trust in AD,focusing on Level 2 AD.Participants were required to perform a period of AD in a driving simulator,during which their gaze and driving behavior were recorded,as well as their subjective trust scores after driving.In three distinct measures,a significant correlation between Openness and driver trust in the AD system is found:participants with higher Openness traits tend to have less trust in the AD system.No significant correlations between driver trust in AD and other personality traits are found.The findings suggest that driver personality has an impact on driver trust in AD.Theoretical and practical implications of this finding are discussed.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(5232006)the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Special Project on Hi-Tech Innovation Capacity(QNJJ202217 and KJCX20230305).
文摘Drought can greatly impact the biodiversity of an ecosystem and play a crucial role in regulating its functioning.However,the specific mechanisms by which drought mediate the biodiversity effect(BE)on community biomass in above-and belowground through functional traits remain poorly understood.Here,we conducted a common garden experiment in a greenhouse,which included two plant species richness levels and two water addition levels,to analyze the effects of biodiversity on aboveground biomass(AGB),belowground biomass(BGB)and total biomass(TB),and to quantify the relationship between BEs and functional traits under drought conditions.Our analysis focused on partitioning BEs into above-and belowground complementarity effect(CE)and selection effect(SE)at the species level,which allowed us to better understand the impacts of biodiversity on community biomass and the underlying mechanisms.Our results showed that plant species richness stimulated AGB,BGB and TB through CEs.Drought decreased AGB,BGB and TB,simultaneously.In addition,the aboveground CE was positively associated with the variation in plant height.SEs in above-and belowground were negatively correlated with the community mean plant height and root length,respectively.Furthermore,drought weakened the aboveground CE by decreasing variation in plant height,resulting in a reduction in AGB and TB.Our findings demonstrate that the complementarity of species is an important regulator of community biomass in above-and belowground,the dynamics of biomass under environmental stress are associated with the response of sensitive compartments.
基金funding from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS,XDB0450401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278387 and 22321001)+4 种基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-070)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1203601)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2208085QB60)Anhui Provincial Innovation Project Funding Program for Overseas Students(2022LCX006)USTC Research Funds of the Double First Class Initiative(YD2060002022).
文摘传统二维纳米片膜在分子和离子分离领域具有巨大潜力,然而在实际污水处理中不可避免地会出现溶胀和易氧化的问题.本研究利用一种新型二维纳米片AgCrSe_(2),采用聚多巴胺(PDA)原位交联策略,成功构筑了高稳定性二维AgCrSe_(2)-PDA膜.该膜能够耐受酸性、碱性介质以及氧化性溶液(0.3 wt%过氧化氢),展现出优异的抗溶胀和抗氧化稳定性.此外,该膜对带负电的染料和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)络合的重金属离子的截留率接近100%,通量约为5.0 L m^(−2) h^(−1) bar^(−1).值得注意的是,经过140小时的错流过滤,尽管膜通量略有下降,但该膜对CuEDTA的截留率仍保持在90%左右.这种高稳定性的膜结构源自于PDA与AgCrSe_(2)纳米片之间的配位相互作用.本研究为开发高稳定性的二维膜提供了有效的策略,为工业污水净化提供了新型膜材料.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(Research on the theory and method of multiparty encrypted computation in the edge fusion environment of power IoT,No.5700-202358592A-3-2-ZN)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62272056,62372048,62371069).
文摘Federated learning effectively alleviates privacy and security issues raised by the development of artificial intelligence through a distributed training architecture.Existing research has shown that attackers can compromise user privacy and security by stealing model parameters.Therefore,differential privacy is applied in federated learning to further address malicious issues.However,the addition of noise and the update clipping mechanism in differential privacy jointly limit the further development of federated learning in privacy protection and performance optimization.Therefore,we propose an adaptive adjusted differential privacy federated learning method.First,a dynamic adaptive privacy budget allocation strategy is proposed,which flexibly adjusts the privacy budget within a given range based on the client’s data volume and training requirements,thereby alleviating the loss of privacy budget and the magnitude of model noise.Second,a longitudinal clipping differential privacy strategy is proposed,which based on the differences in factors that affect parameter updates,uses sparse methods to trim local updates,thereby reducing the impact of privacy pruning steps on model accuracy.The two strategies work together to ensure user privacy while the effect of differential privacy on model accuracy is reduced.To evaluate the effectiveness of our method,we conducted extensive experiments on benchmark datasets,and the results showed that our proposed method performed well in terms of performance and privacy protection.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41904028,42004021)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2020JQ-150,2020JQ-234)the Soft Science Project of Xi’an Science and Technology Plan(No.XA2020RKXYJ-0150)。
文摘Inertial Navigation System/Celestial Navigation System(INS/CNS)integration,especially for the tightly-coupled mode,provides a promising autonomous tactics for Hypersonic Vehicle(HV)in military demands.However,INS/CNS integration is a challenging research task due to its special characteristics such as strong nonlinearity,non-additive noise and dynamic complexity.This paper presents a novel nonlinear filtering method for INS/CNS integration by adopting the emerging Cubature Kalman Filter(CKF)to handle the strong INS error model nonlinearity caused by HV's high dynamics.It combines the state-augmentation technique into the nonlinear CKF to decrease the negative effect of non-additive noise in inertial measurements.Subsequently,a technique for the detection of dynamic model uncertainty is developed,and the augmented CKF is modified with fading memory to tackle dynamic model uncertainty by rigorously deriving the fading factor via the theory of Mahalanobis distance without artificial empiricism.Simulation results and comparison analysis prove that the proposed method can effectively curb the adverse impacts of non-additive noise and dynamic model uncertainty for inertial measurements,leading to improved performance for HV navigation with tightly-coupled INS/CNS integration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11820101003)the Ministry of Science&Technology(Grant Nos.2018YFA0305701,2017YFA0302901,and 2016YFA0300301)
文摘Since the historical discovery of high Tc superconductivity(HTS)of La2CuO4 in 1986[1],the superconductivity me chanism of copper oxides remains one of the biggest mysteries in the field of condensed matter physics[2-10].High-Tc cuprates crystallize into layered perovskite structure,as well as copper oxygen octahedron coordination.In octahedron symmetry,the 3d orbitals of Cu^2+with a 3d^9 configuration degenerate into two top eg and three lower t2g orbitals.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(2018YFA0305700,11974410,2017YFA0302900,2015CB921300,11534016 and 11974062)。
文摘In La-Cr-As system,the first ternary compound La3CrAs5 has been successfully synthesized under highpressure and high-temperature conditions.La3CrAs5 crystallizes into a hexagonal Hf5Sn3Cu-anti type structure with a space group of P63/mcm(No.193)and lattice parameters of a=b=8.9845A and c=5.8897A.The structure contains facesharing octahedral CrAs6 chains along the c-axis,which are arranged triangularly in the ab-plane and separated by a significantly large distance of 8.9845A.The magnetic properties,resistivity and specific heat measurements were performed.La3CrAs5 exhibits a metallic state with Fermi liquid behavior at low temperatures and undergoes a ferromagnetic transition at Curie temperature TC^50 K.First-principles theoretical studies were conducted to calculate its band structure and density of states(DOS),which indicated that the non-negligible contribution of La to the DOS near the Fermi level caused La3CrAs5 to be a three-dimensional(3D)metal.The crystal orbital Hamilton population(-COHP)was also calculated to explain the global stability and bonding characteristics in the structure of La3CrAs5.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11820101003)the Ministry of Science&Technology(Grant Nos.2018YFA0305701,2017YFA0302901,and 2016YFA0300301)
文摘The discovery of high-temperature copper oxide superconductors(HTS)by Bednorz and Muller[1]in 1986 opened up a new field of superconductivity.Since then,several different families of materials have been discovered with greatly increased superconducting critical temperature(Tc)[2].Oxychloride cuprates,Can+1CunO2wCl2,are one such type of parent compound of high Tc cuprate superconductors.There are two members in this family known so far that can exist at ambient pressure:Ca2CuO2Cl2(single[Cu02]layer CCOC)and Ca3Cu2O4Cl2(double[CuO2]layer CCOC).Both are composed of a[CuO2]plane with the apical oxygen replaced by chlorine atoms.
