Carbon-based materials have become a research hotspot in the field of energy storage devices in recent years due to their abundant resources,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the low capacity and poor hi...Carbon-based materials have become a research hotspot in the field of energy storage devices in recent years due to their abundant resources,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the low capacity and poor high rate performance still constitute great challenges.Metal organic framework-derived carbon has been widely researched because of its high porosity,tunable structure,and good conductivity.In this work,N/S codoped hierarchical porous carbon microspheres were prepared by a high-temperature heat treatment and atomic doping process using a zinc-based organic framework as the precursor.When used as a potassium-ion battery anode,it has a high reversible specific capacity(435.7 mAh g^(-1)),good rate performance(133.5 mAh g^(-1)at 10,000 m A g^(-1)),and long-term cycling stability(73.2%capacity retention after the 2500th cycle).The potassium storage mechanism of the derived carbon was explained by various electrochemical analysis methods and microstructure characterization techniques,and the relationship between the structural characteristics and electrochemical properties was researched.In a supercapacitor,the porous carbon material exhibits a specific capacitance of 307.2 F g^(-1)at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1)in a KOH aqueous solution and achieves a retention rate of 99.88%after 10,000 cycles.The assembled symmetric supercapacitor device delivers a high energy density of 6.69 Wh kg^(-1),with a corresponding power density of 2500 W kg^(-1).In addition,density functional theory calculations further confirmed that N/S codoping can improve the adsorption capacities of potassium and hydroxyl ions in the derived carbon.展开更多
As a critical Internet infrastructure,domain name system(DNS)protects the authenticity and integrity of domain resource records with the introduction of security extensions(DNSSEC).DNSSEC builds a single-center and hi...As a critical Internet infrastructure,domain name system(DNS)protects the authenticity and integrity of domain resource records with the introduction of security extensions(DNSSEC).DNSSEC builds a single-center and hierarchical resource authentication architecture,which brings management convenience but places the DNS at risk from a single point of failure.When the root key suffers a leak or misconfiguration,top level domain(TLD)authority cannot independently protect the authenticity of TLD data in the root zone.In this paper,we propose self-certificating root,a lightweight security enhancement mechanism of root zone compatible with DNS/DNSSEC protocol.By adding the TLD public key and signature of the glue records to the root zone,this mechanism enables the TLD authority to certify the self-submitted data in the root zone and protects the TLD authority from the risk of root key failure.This mechanism is implemented on an open-source software,namely,Berkeley Internet Name Domain(BIND),and evaluated in terms of performance,compatibility,and effectiveness.Evaluation results show that the proposed mechanism enables the resolver that only supports DNS/DNSSEC to authenticate the root zone TLD data effectively with minimal performance difference.展开更多
In this study,we proposed and experimentally demonstrated an electro-optic modulator with a small footprint and high modulation efficiency,achieved through the utilization of a mode-folded phase shifter with lumped el...In this study,we proposed and experimentally demonstrated an electro-optic modulator with a small footprint and high modulation efficiency,achieved through the utilization of a mode-folded phase shifter with lumped electrodes.The threemode phase shifter recycles the light three times with different waveguide modes while leading to a pronounced tightening of the optical field confinement.We experimentally obtained a 3.7-times improvement in the modulation efficiency.A low V_(π)L for thin-film lithium niobate(TFLN)Mach-Zehnder modulators of 1 V·cm is realized with a device footprint of 2.7 mm×0.6 mm(0.5 mm for the phase shifter).Even greater improvements in modulation efficiency can be expected through the incorporation of additional modes.展开更多
The development of new energy storage technology has played a crucial role in advancing the green and low-carbon energy revolution.This has led to significant progress,spanning from fundamental research to its practic...The development of new energy storage technology has played a crucial role in advancing the green and low-carbon energy revolution.This has led to significant progress,spanning from fundamental research to its practical application in industry over the past decade.Nevertheless,the constrained performance of crucial materials poses a significant challenge,as current electrochemical energy storage systems may struggle to meet the growing market demand.In recent years,carbon derived from biomass has garnered significant attention because of its customizable physicochemical properties,environmentally friendly nature,and considerable economic value.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the production-application chain for biomass-derived carbon.It provides a comprehensive analysis of morphology design,structural regulation,and heteroatom-doping modification,and explores the operational mechanisms in different energy storage devices.Moreover,considering recent research progress,the potential uses of biomass-derived carbon in alkali metal-ion batteries,lithium–sulfur batteries,and supercapacitors are thoroughly assessed,offering a broader outlook on the emerging energy sector.Finally,based on the technical challenges that need to be addressed,potential research directions and development objectives are suggested for achieving large-scale production of biomass-derived carbon in the field of energy storage.展开更多
Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia(FH)have elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels and are at high risk of premature cardiovascular disease.1 Heterozygous FH(HeFH)is one of the commonest gen...Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia(FH)have elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels and are at high risk of premature cardiovascular disease.1 Heterozygous FH(HeFH)is one of the commonest genetic disorders,and is more frequent among those with ischemic heart disease(IHD),atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)and premature IHD.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the relationship between the fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4)and colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),we measured the expression of FABP4 in plas...Objective:To investigate the relationship between the fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4)and colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),we measured the expression of FABP4 in plasma of50 patients who underwent surgery for CRC from October 2017 to May 2018 and 50 healthy controls.The content of the visceral fat area(VFA)as seen with abdominal computed tomography(CT)scanning was measured by ImageJ software.The expression levels of FABP4,E-cadherin,and Snail proteins in CRC and adjacent tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results:The mean concentration of plasma FABP4 of CRC patients was higher than that of the control group(22.46 vs.9.82 ng/m L;P<0.05).The concentration of plasma FABP4 was related to the tumor,node,metastatis(TNM)stage and lymph node metastasis and was independent of age,body mass index(BMI),tumor size and location,and the degree of differentiation of CRC.The concentration of plasma FABP4 was positively correlated with high VFA and lipoprotein-a(LPA)(P<0.05);but it was not correlated with total cholesterol(TG),total triglyceride(TC),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),high-density lipoprotein(HDL),or apolipoprotein AI(Apo-AI).The expression of FABP4 protein in CRC tissues was positively correlated with the degree of CRC differentiation,tumor stage,and lymph node metastasis.The level of FABP4 protein was negatively correlated with E-cadherin protein(r=-0.3292,P=0.0196)and positively correlated with Snail protein(r=0.5856,P<0.0001).Conclusions:High LPA and VFA were risk factors for increased plasma FABP4 in CRC patients.FABP4 protein was highly expressed in CRC tissues and associated with TNM stage,differentiation,and lymph node metastasis of CRC.The level of FABP4 in CRC tissue was correlated with E-cadherin and Snail expression,suggesting that FABP4 may promote CRC progression related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).展开更多
As a new type of cancer treatment,photoacoustic(PA)therapy is based on PA shockwave for rapid,selective and effective killing of cancer cells.The nucleus has been widely used as a target for tumor therapy,which has ob...As a new type of cancer treatment,photoacoustic(PA)therapy is based on PA shockwave for rapid,selective and effective killing of cancer cells.The nucleus has been widely used as a target for tumor therapy,which has obtained a very considerable therapeutic effect.In situ destruction of tumor cell nucleus by photoacoustic therapy has not been studied.In this paper,a highly efficient nucleus-targeted photoacoustic theranostic polymer was developed for fluorescence and photoacoustic dual-mode imaging-guided PA therapy.The prepared polymer consists of nucleus targeting TAT peptide(TAT:YGRKKRRQRRR),hydrophilic chain poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)(PDMA),and near-infrared(NIR)light absorbing agent(hCyR),which can self-assemble to form nanoparticles of approximately 28 nm(denoted as TAT-PDMA-hCyR NPs).The designed nanoparticles show excellent nucleus targeting and tumor cell death(up to 80%)caused by DNA damage under pulsed laser irradiation compared to non-nucleus target counterpart PDMA-hCyR NPs without TAT peptide in vitro.As expected,the fluorescence and PA dual-mode imaging observed that TAT-PDMA-hCyR NPs were able to passively target and enrich in tumors,providing an experimental basis for in vivo treatment and thus ensuring a significant tumor inhibition rate(about 92%).In conclusion,this study provides a new and practicable method for the development of nucleus-targeting nanoparticles as potential theranostic agent for in vivo cancer imaging and therapy.展开更多
The difference between sleep and wakefulness is critical for human health.Sleep takes up one third of our lives and remains one of the most mysterious con-ditions;it plays an important role in memory consoli-dation an...The difference between sleep and wakefulness is critical for human health.Sleep takes up one third of our lives and remains one of the most mysterious con-ditions;it plays an important role in memory consoli-dation and health restoration.展开更多
We propose an integrated W-band transmitter enabled by an integrated dual-mode distributed feedback(DFB)laser and cascaded silicon photonic microring modulators for next-generation wireless communication.10 Gb/s error...We propose an integrated W-band transmitter enabled by an integrated dual-mode distributed feedback(DFB)laser and cascaded silicon photonic microring modulators for next-generation wireless communication.10 Gb/s error-free intensity modulation and direct detection W-band transmission are achieved in experiments by using the dual-mode DFB laser and two free-running lasers.Moreover,we conduct an experiment of dual-carrier modulation based on cascaded microring modulators,achieving 3 dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement and better signaling integrity for wireless communication.The proposed photonic integrated W-band transmitter will be a viable solution for a high-speed and low-power wireless communication system.展开更多
Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor(dTGCT)is a destructive but rare benign proliferative synovial neoplasm.Although surgery is currently the main treatment modality for dTGCT,the recurrence risk is up to 50%.Th...Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor(dTGCT)is a destructive but rare benign proliferative synovial neoplasm.Although surgery is currently the main treatment modality for dTGCT,the recurrence risk is up to 50%.Therefore,there is a great need for effective drugs against dTGCT with minor side effects.The Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling plays a central role in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),a disease with similar characteristics as dTGCT,but its function in dTGCT remains unknown.dTGCT fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLS)and macrophages were isolated from 10 synovial tissue samples from dTGCT patients for the screening and validation of the five clinically approved JAK inhibitors to treat RA against dTGCT.Cell viability,cell death,inflammation and the activity of the JAK family members of cultured dTGCT FLS(both 2-D and 3-D)and macrophages were investigated for the efficacy of the JAK inhibitors.Here,we found that similar to RA,JAK/STAT signaling was markedly activated in the dTGCT synovium.Of the 5 JAK inhibitors,peficitinib was shown to have the most potency in addressing some of the pathological responses of dTGCT FLS and macrophages.The potency of peficitinib was much higher than pexidartinib,which is the only FDA-approved drug for dTGCT.Mechanistically,peficitinib inhibited tyrosine kinase 2(TYK2),a JAK family member necessary for the pathological progression of dTGCT FLS and macrophages.In summary,we not only revealed JAK/STAT(especially TYK2)signaling as the major mechanism underlying dTGCT,but also identified peficitinib as a promising drug against dTGCT.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51764029, 52004116)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC1803501)+1 种基金the Applied Basic Research Plan of Yunnan Province(202001AU070039, 2018FB087)the Science Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education (2020J0070)
文摘Carbon-based materials have become a research hotspot in the field of energy storage devices in recent years due to their abundant resources,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the low capacity and poor high rate performance still constitute great challenges.Metal organic framework-derived carbon has been widely researched because of its high porosity,tunable structure,and good conductivity.In this work,N/S codoped hierarchical porous carbon microspheres were prepared by a high-temperature heat treatment and atomic doping process using a zinc-based organic framework as the precursor.When used as a potassium-ion battery anode,it has a high reversible specific capacity(435.7 mAh g^(-1)),good rate performance(133.5 mAh g^(-1)at 10,000 m A g^(-1)),and long-term cycling stability(73.2%capacity retention after the 2500th cycle).The potassium storage mechanism of the derived carbon was explained by various electrochemical analysis methods and microstructure characterization techniques,and the relationship between the structural characteristics and electrochemical properties was researched.In a supercapacitor,the porous carbon material exhibits a specific capacitance of 307.2 F g^(-1)at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1)in a KOH aqueous solution and achieves a retention rate of 99.88%after 10,000 cycles.The assembled symmetric supercapacitor device delivers a high energy density of 6.69 Wh kg^(-1),with a corresponding power density of 2500 W kg^(-1).In addition,density functional theory calculations further confirmed that N/S codoping can improve the adsorption capacities of potassium and hydroxyl ions in the derived carbon.
基金This work is partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFB1800702).
文摘As a critical Internet infrastructure,domain name system(DNS)protects the authenticity and integrity of domain resource records with the introduction of security extensions(DNSSEC).DNSSEC builds a single-center and hierarchical resource authentication architecture,which brings management convenience but places the DNS at risk from a single point of failure.When the root key suffers a leak or misconfiguration,top level domain(TLD)authority cannot independently protect the authenticity of TLD data in the root zone.In this paper,we propose self-certificating root,a lightweight security enhancement mechanism of root zone compatible with DNS/DNSSEC protocol.By adding the TLD public key and signature of the glue records to the root zone,this mechanism enables the TLD authority to certify the self-submitted data in the root zone and protects the TLD authority from the risk of root key failure.This mechanism is implemented on an open-source software,namely,Berkeley Internet Name Domain(BIND),and evaluated in terms of performance,compatibility,and effectiveness.Evaluation results show that the proposed mechanism enables the resolver that only supports DNS/DNSSEC to authenticate the root zone TLD data effectively with minimal performance difference.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB2905502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62122047 and 61935011).
文摘In this study,we proposed and experimentally demonstrated an electro-optic modulator with a small footprint and high modulation efficiency,achieved through the utilization of a mode-folded phase shifter with lumped electrodes.The threemode phase shifter recycles the light three times with different waveguide modes while leading to a pronounced tightening of the optical field confinement.We experimentally obtained a 3.7-times improvement in the modulation efficiency.A low V_(π)L for thin-film lithium niobate(TFLN)Mach-Zehnder modulators of 1 V·cm is realized with a device footprint of 2.7 mm×0.6 mm(0.5 mm for the phase shifter).Even greater improvements in modulation efficiency can be expected through the incorporation of additional modes.
基金This work was financially supported by the Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(202202AG050003)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(202101AW070006).
文摘The development of new energy storage technology has played a crucial role in advancing the green and low-carbon energy revolution.This has led to significant progress,spanning from fundamental research to its practical application in industry over the past decade.Nevertheless,the constrained performance of crucial materials poses a significant challenge,as current electrochemical energy storage systems may struggle to meet the growing market demand.In recent years,carbon derived from biomass has garnered significant attention because of its customizable physicochemical properties,environmentally friendly nature,and considerable economic value.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the production-application chain for biomass-derived carbon.It provides a comprehensive analysis of morphology design,structural regulation,and heteroatom-doping modification,and explores the operational mechanisms in different energy storage devices.Moreover,considering recent research progress,the potential uses of biomass-derived carbon in alkali metal-ion batteries,lithium–sulfur batteries,and supercapacitors are thoroughly assessed,offering a broader outlook on the emerging energy sector.Finally,based on the technical challenges that need to be addressed,potential research directions and development objectives are suggested for achieving large-scale production of biomass-derived carbon in the field of energy storage.
基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-008).
文摘Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia(FH)have elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels and are at high risk of premature cardiovascular disease.1 Heterozygous FH(HeFH)is one of the commonest genetic disorders,and is more frequent among those with ischemic heart disease(IHD),atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)and premature IHD.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of Wuxi Health and Family Planning Commission(No.Z201713 to Min XIA)the Special Project of Clinical Medicine of Nantong University(No.2019JQ006 to Yan ZHANG),China。
文摘Objective:To investigate the relationship between the fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4)and colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),we measured the expression of FABP4 in plasma of50 patients who underwent surgery for CRC from October 2017 to May 2018 and 50 healthy controls.The content of the visceral fat area(VFA)as seen with abdominal computed tomography(CT)scanning was measured by ImageJ software.The expression levels of FABP4,E-cadherin,and Snail proteins in CRC and adjacent tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results:The mean concentration of plasma FABP4 of CRC patients was higher than that of the control group(22.46 vs.9.82 ng/m L;P<0.05).The concentration of plasma FABP4 was related to the tumor,node,metastatis(TNM)stage and lymph node metastasis and was independent of age,body mass index(BMI),tumor size and location,and the degree of differentiation of CRC.The concentration of plasma FABP4 was positively correlated with high VFA and lipoprotein-a(LPA)(P<0.05);but it was not correlated with total cholesterol(TG),total triglyceride(TC),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),high-density lipoprotein(HDL),or apolipoprotein AI(Apo-AI).The expression of FABP4 protein in CRC tissues was positively correlated with the degree of CRC differentiation,tumor stage,and lymph node metastasis.The level of FABP4 protein was negatively correlated with E-cadherin protein(r=-0.3292,P=0.0196)and positively correlated with Snail protein(r=0.5856,P<0.0001).Conclusions:High LPA and VFA were risk factors for increased plasma FABP4 in CRC patients.FABP4 protein was highly expressed in CRC tissues and associated with TNM stage,differentiation,and lymph node metastasis of CRC.The level of FABP4 in CRC tissue was correlated with E-cadherin and Snail expression,suggesting that FABP4 may promote CRC progression related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81630046)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(Nos.2015B020233016 and 2014B020215003)。
文摘As a new type of cancer treatment,photoacoustic(PA)therapy is based on PA shockwave for rapid,selective and effective killing of cancer cells.The nucleus has been widely used as a target for tumor therapy,which has obtained a very considerable therapeutic effect.In situ destruction of tumor cell nucleus by photoacoustic therapy has not been studied.In this paper,a highly efficient nucleus-targeted photoacoustic theranostic polymer was developed for fluorescence and photoacoustic dual-mode imaging-guided PA therapy.The prepared polymer consists of nucleus targeting TAT peptide(TAT:YGRKKRRQRRR),hydrophilic chain poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)(PDMA),and near-infrared(NIR)light absorbing agent(hCyR),which can self-assemble to form nanoparticles of approximately 28 nm(denoted as TAT-PDMA-hCyR NPs).The designed nanoparticles show excellent nucleus targeting and tumor cell death(up to 80%)caused by DNA damage under pulsed laser irradiation compared to non-nucleus target counterpart PDMA-hCyR NPs without TAT peptide in vitro.As expected,the fluorescence and PA dual-mode imaging observed that TAT-PDMA-hCyR NPs were able to passively target and enrich in tumors,providing an experimental basis for in vivo treatment and thus ensuring a significant tumor inhibition rate(about 92%).In conclusion,this study provides a new and practicable method for the development of nucleus-targeting nanoparticles as potential theranostic agent for in vivo cancer imaging and therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62207021)the Basic Research Program for the Natural Science of Shaanxi Province of China(No.2022JM134)+1 种基金the Start-up Foundation from Xi’an International Studies University(No.KYQDF202138)the Open iEEG Atlas Project from the Montreal Neurological Institute(MNI),Canada。
文摘The difference between sleep and wakefulness is critical for human health.Sleep takes up one third of our lives and remains one of the most mysterious con-ditions;it plays an important role in memory consoli-dation and health restoration.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFB1802903)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175146,62235011)。
文摘We propose an integrated W-band transmitter enabled by an integrated dual-mode distributed feedback(DFB)laser and cascaded silicon photonic microring modulators for next-generation wireless communication.10 Gb/s error-free intensity modulation and direct detection W-band transmission are achieved in experiments by using the dual-mode DFB laser and two free-running lasers.Moreover,we conduct an experiment of dual-carrier modulation based on cascaded microring modulators,achieving 3 dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement and better signaling integrity for wireless communication.The proposed photonic integrated W-band transmitter will be a viable solution for a high-speed and low-power wireless communication system.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF0501401,2018YFA0800501)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82325004,92168114,82172447)Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund(HH22KYZX0047).
文摘Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor(dTGCT)is a destructive but rare benign proliferative synovial neoplasm.Although surgery is currently the main treatment modality for dTGCT,the recurrence risk is up to 50%.Therefore,there is a great need for effective drugs against dTGCT with minor side effects.The Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling plays a central role in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),a disease with similar characteristics as dTGCT,but its function in dTGCT remains unknown.dTGCT fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLS)and macrophages were isolated from 10 synovial tissue samples from dTGCT patients for the screening and validation of the five clinically approved JAK inhibitors to treat RA against dTGCT.Cell viability,cell death,inflammation and the activity of the JAK family members of cultured dTGCT FLS(both 2-D and 3-D)and macrophages were investigated for the efficacy of the JAK inhibitors.Here,we found that similar to RA,JAK/STAT signaling was markedly activated in the dTGCT synovium.Of the 5 JAK inhibitors,peficitinib was shown to have the most potency in addressing some of the pathological responses of dTGCT FLS and macrophages.The potency of peficitinib was much higher than pexidartinib,which is the only FDA-approved drug for dTGCT.Mechanistically,peficitinib inhibited tyrosine kinase 2(TYK2),a JAK family member necessary for the pathological progression of dTGCT FLS and macrophages.In summary,we not only revealed JAK/STAT(especially TYK2)signaling as the major mechanism underlying dTGCT,but also identified peficitinib as a promising drug against dTGCT.
