Food distribution and predation pressure are considered to be the main ecological factors that influence the use of forest strata （basically arboreality vs. terrestriality） in non-human primates. Here, we investigat...Food distribution and predation pressure are considered to be the main ecological factors that influence the use of forest strata （basically arboreality vs. terrestriality） in non-human primates. Here, we investigate ground use of wild, unprovisioned black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus bieti by means of the scan sampling method. The results show that the monkeys spent 15.0% of the day time on the ground; 16.6%, 12.7%, and 15.6% for adult males, adult females and juveniles, respectively. Adult males and juveniles of both sexes showed significantly higher rates of terrestrial time than adult females. Females without clinging infants spent significantly more time on the ground than expected, while females with clinging infants spent significantly less time on the ground than expected. These results suggest that the higher degree of terrestrial behavior for males and juveniles may be due to their higher agility in comparison with females. Our study showed that the monkeys fed more on lichens relative to other food items when in the trees, but more on buds/leaves, flowers, fruits/nuts, resin/bark, and herbs when on the ground. According to our investigation, the ecological significance of the species＇ terrestriality lies mainly in the utilization of terrestrial food resources [ Current Zoology 55 （3） ： 180 - 187, 2009].展开更多
Zeolite catalysts have found extensive applications in the synthesis of various fine chemicals.However,the micropores of zeolites impose diffusion limitations on bulky molecules,greatly reducing the catalytic efficien...Zeolite catalysts have found extensive applications in the synthesis of various fine chemicals.However,the micropores of zeolites impose diffusion limitations on bulky molecules,greatly reducing the catalytic efficiency.Herein,we explore an economic and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing hierarchical NaX zeolite that exhibits improved catalytic performance in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction for producing the useful fine chemical 2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate.The synthesis was achieved via a low-temperature activation of kaolinite and subsequent in-situ transformation strategy without any template or seed.Systematic characterizations reveal that the synthesized NaX zeolite has both intercrystalline and intra-crystalline mesopores,smaller crystal size,and larger external specific surface area compared to commercial NaX zeolite.Detailed mechanism investigations show that the inter-crystalline mesopores are generated by stacking smaller crystals formed from in-situ crystallization of the depolymerized kaolinite,and the intra-crystalline mesopores are inherited from the pores in the depolymerized kaolinite.This synthesis strategy provides an energy-saving and effective way to construct hierarchical zeolites,which may gain wide applications in fine chemical manufacturing.展开更多
The dual impact of climate change and human activities has precipitated a sharp decline in primate biodiversity globally.China is home to the most diverse primate species in the Northern hemisphere,which face severe e...The dual impact of climate change and human activities has precipitated a sharp decline in primate biodiversity globally.China is home to the most diverse primate species in the Northern hemisphere,which face severe ecological threats due to the expansion of modern agriculture,extensive exploitation and consumption of natural resources,and excessive land development during its transition from an agricultural to a modern society.In response,China has implemented various ecological conservation measures,including habitat restoration and protection.These efforts have made substantial strides in biodiversity conservation,with certain regions witnessing an increase in primate populations.In the current study,we conducted a systematic review of historical documents and field research data related to Chinese primates,evaluating the endangered status of primate species in China.Despite improvements in the habitats of most primate species and some population growth,many species still face severe threats,including declining and small populations.Species such as the Myanmar snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri),eastern black crested gibbon(Nomascus nasutus),and Hainan gibbon(N.hainanus)remain particularly vulnerable due to their limited distribution ranges and extremely small populations.Insufficient scientific data,fragmented information,and not enough studies in conservation biology further compound the challenges.Moreover,there is a notable lack of detailed population monitoring data for species such as the Bengal slow loris(Nycticebus bengalensis),pygmy slow loris(N.pygmaeus),Indochinese gray langur(Trachypithecus crepusculus),Shortridge’s langur(T.shortridgei),and capped langur(T.pileatus),which hinders the development of practical and targeted conservation management strategies.Therefore,for national biodiversity conservation,there is an urgent need for specialized primate surveys,enhancing habitat protection and restoration,and increasing focus on cross-border conservation strategies and regional cooperation.There is also a need to establish a comprehensive and systematic research database platform,conduct continuous and in-depth research in primate biology,and actively engage in the scientific assessment of ecotourism.Additionally,strengthening public awareness and education on wildlife conservation remains essential.Such integrated and systematic efforts will provide scientific support for the current and future conservation and management of primate species in China.展开更多
目的观察不同年龄段的轻度阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者在蒙特利尔认知评估量表基本版(the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic,MoCA-B)各亚项的得分有无差异。方法选取2017年1月至12月首都医科大学附属复兴医院神经内...目的观察不同年龄段的轻度阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者在蒙特利尔认知评估量表基本版(the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic,MoCA-B)各亚项的得分有无差异。方法选取2017年1月至12月首都医科大学附属复兴医院神经内科门诊、住院患者及周边社区居民,诊断为轻度AD者286例,根据受试者年龄,分为3组:51~60岁(57例),61~70岁(112例),71~80岁(117例)。完成简易精神状态量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)和MoCA-B。结果 3组轻度AD患者的性别、受教育程度、MMSE得分、MoCA-B总分差异均无统计学意义。MoCA-B各亚项比较上,抽象推理、词语延迟回忆在3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。词语延迟回忆在3组中呈现60岁以下组得分(0.5±1.0)略高于60岁以上组得分(0.1±0.4),但因平均分均在1分以内,差异虽有统计学意义但无临床指导意义。抽象推理能力在60岁以上组得分明显高于51~60岁组,两两比较的结果,51~60岁组与61~70岁组比较,及51~60岁组与71~80岁组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床上在动态观察轻度AD的MoCA-B总分变化时,还应注意一些认知域亚项的结果可能与年龄相关,特别是抽象推理能力部分。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30630016,30870375)Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-1-03)Central South Universityof Forestry & Technology
文摘Food distribution and predation pressure are considered to be the main ecological factors that influence the use of forest strata （basically arboreality vs. terrestriality） in non-human primates. Here, we investigate ground use of wild, unprovisioned black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus bieti by means of the scan sampling method. The results show that the monkeys spent 15.0% of the day time on the ground; 16.6%, 12.7%, and 15.6% for adult males, adult females and juveniles, respectively. Adult males and juveniles of both sexes showed significantly higher rates of terrestrial time than adult females. Females without clinging infants spent significantly more time on the ground than expected, while females with clinging infants spent significantly less time on the ground than expected. These results suggest that the higher degree of terrestrial behavior for males and juveniles may be due to their higher agility in comparison with females. Our study showed that the monkeys fed more on lichens relative to other food items when in the trees, but more on buds/leaves, flowers, fruits/nuts, resin/bark, and herbs when on the ground. According to our investigation, the ecological significance of the species＇ terrestriality lies mainly in the utilization of terrestrial food resources [ Current Zoology 55 （3） ： 180 - 187, 2009].
基金The financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22178059, 22208054 and 22072019)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (2020J01513)+1 种基金Sinochem Quanzhou Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (ZHQZKJ-19-F-ZS0076)Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory (00121002)
文摘Zeolite catalysts have found extensive applications in the synthesis of various fine chemicals.However,the micropores of zeolites impose diffusion limitations on bulky molecules,greatly reducing the catalytic efficiency.Herein,we explore an economic and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing hierarchical NaX zeolite that exhibits improved catalytic performance in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction for producing the useful fine chemical 2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate.The synthesis was achieved via a low-temperature activation of kaolinite and subsequent in-situ transformation strategy without any template or seed.Systematic characterizations reveal that the synthesized NaX zeolite has both intercrystalline and intra-crystalline mesopores,smaller crystal size,and larger external specific surface area compared to commercial NaX zeolite.Detailed mechanism investigations show that the inter-crystalline mesopores are generated by stacking smaller crystals formed from in-situ crystallization of the depolymerized kaolinite,and the intra-crystalline mesopores are inherited from the pores in the depolymerized kaolinite.This synthesis strategy provides an energy-saving and effective way to construct hierarchical zeolites,which may gain wide applications in fine chemical manufacturing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371563)and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31020302)。
文摘The dual impact of climate change and human activities has precipitated a sharp decline in primate biodiversity globally.China is home to the most diverse primate species in the Northern hemisphere,which face severe ecological threats due to the expansion of modern agriculture,extensive exploitation and consumption of natural resources,and excessive land development during its transition from an agricultural to a modern society.In response,China has implemented various ecological conservation measures,including habitat restoration and protection.These efforts have made substantial strides in biodiversity conservation,with certain regions witnessing an increase in primate populations.In the current study,we conducted a systematic review of historical documents and field research data related to Chinese primates,evaluating the endangered status of primate species in China.Despite improvements in the habitats of most primate species and some population growth,many species still face severe threats,including declining and small populations.Species such as the Myanmar snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri),eastern black crested gibbon(Nomascus nasutus),and Hainan gibbon(N.hainanus)remain particularly vulnerable due to their limited distribution ranges and extremely small populations.Insufficient scientific data,fragmented information,and not enough studies in conservation biology further compound the challenges.Moreover,there is a notable lack of detailed population monitoring data for species such as the Bengal slow loris(Nycticebus bengalensis),pygmy slow loris(N.pygmaeus),Indochinese gray langur(Trachypithecus crepusculus),Shortridge’s langur(T.shortridgei),and capped langur(T.pileatus),which hinders the development of practical and targeted conservation management strategies.Therefore,for national biodiversity conservation,there is an urgent need for specialized primate surveys,enhancing habitat protection and restoration,and increasing focus on cross-border conservation strategies and regional cooperation.There is also a need to establish a comprehensive and systematic research database platform,conduct continuous and in-depth research in primate biology,and actively engage in the scientific assessment of ecotourism.Additionally,strengthening public awareness and education on wildlife conservation remains essential.Such integrated and systematic efforts will provide scientific support for the current and future conservation and management of primate species in China.
文摘目的观察不同年龄段的轻度阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者在蒙特利尔认知评估量表基本版(the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic,MoCA-B)各亚项的得分有无差异。方法选取2017年1月至12月首都医科大学附属复兴医院神经内科门诊、住院患者及周边社区居民,诊断为轻度AD者286例,根据受试者年龄,分为3组:51~60岁(57例),61~70岁(112例),71~80岁(117例)。完成简易精神状态量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)和MoCA-B。结果 3组轻度AD患者的性别、受教育程度、MMSE得分、MoCA-B总分差异均无统计学意义。MoCA-B各亚项比较上,抽象推理、词语延迟回忆在3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。词语延迟回忆在3组中呈现60岁以下组得分(0.5±1.0)略高于60岁以上组得分(0.1±0.4),但因平均分均在1分以内,差异虽有统计学意义但无临床指导意义。抽象推理能力在60岁以上组得分明显高于51~60岁组,两两比较的结果,51~60岁组与61~70岁组比较,及51~60岁组与71~80岁组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床上在动态观察轻度AD的MoCA-B总分变化时,还应注意一些认知域亚项的结果可能与年龄相关,特别是抽象推理能力部分。
