The extract of crofton weed(Eupatorium adenophorum) inhibits seed germination and weed growth;however,the physiological mechanisms underlying the effect of crofton weed extract on the modulation of seedling growth and...The extract of crofton weed(Eupatorium adenophorum) inhibits seed germination and weed growth;however,the physiological mechanisms underlying the effect of crofton weed extract on the modulation of seedling growth and root system development remain largely unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of the leaf extract of crofton weed(LECW) on primary root(PR) growth in maize seedlings.Treatment with LECW markedly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth in a dose-dependent manner.Physiological analysis indicated that the LECW induced reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation in root tips,thereby leading to cell swelling and deformation both in the root cap and elongation zone of root tips,finally leading to cell death in root border cells(RBCs) and PR growth inhibition.The LECW also inhibited pectin methyl esterase(PME) activity,thereby decreasing the RBC number.Taken together,our results indicated that the LECW inhibited PR growth by inducing ROS accumulation and subsequent cell death in RBCs.The present study provides a better understanding of how the LECW modifies root system development and provides insight for evaluating the toxicity of crofton weed extracts in plants.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Because of the limitation of technique, there are few researches on regulating function o central hypothalamus by metabolism, especially the researches on real-time function. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the r...BACKGROUND： Because of the limitation of technique, there are few researches on regulating function o central hypothalamus by metabolism, especially the researches on real-time function. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the response of hypothalamus to oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） in differen body-weighted subjects by using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） so as to investigate th relationship between the sensitivity of hypothalamus in glycoregulation and disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism. DESIGN： Paired design. SETTING： Department of Radiology and Beijing Geriatrics Institute, Beijing Hospital, National Publi Health Bureau. PARTICIPANTS： A total of twenty healthy volunteers were selected from Beijing Geriatrics Institute National Public Health Bureau, including 10 subjects with obesity （5 males and 5 females; body mass 〉 28.0 kg/m2） and 10 subjects with normal body mass （5 males and 5 females; body mass from 18.5 to 23.9 kg/m2）. All subjects gave written informed consent before participating in the study. METHODS： fMRI study was performed on GE 1.5 T Signa Twinspeed Infinity with Excite. Each voluntee was ingested of glucose during the fMRI scan. T2＊ images were acquired using a single-shot gradient echo （EPI） technique. The parameters of EPI included： TR 3 000 ms, TE 40 ms, Flip angle 90°, field of view （FOV） 24 cm × 24 cm, thickness 5 mm, gap 0 mm, matrix 64 × 64, number of excitation 1. All 10 subjects with normal body mass underwent a repeat fMRI scan after consuming an equivalent amount o water without glucose on a separate day. The procedure for the fMRI scan with water intake was the same a for glucose ingestion. fMRI data were processed with Intensity Averaging Method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The central response of hypothalamus and feedback orientation during OGTT in different body-weighted subjects. RESULTS： An acute transient decrease of fMRI intensity in posterior inferior and anterior inferior o hypothalamus was observed in all subjects within 2 minutes after oral glucose intake. This decrease wa followed by a recovery to the baseline. However, obese subjects had a delayed intensity decrease [（1.96± 1.06） minutes vs. （1.04±0.71） minutes, t =2.14, P 〈 0.05] and longer recovery time [（26.62±7.35 minutes vs. （16.29±6.42） minutes, t =3.67, P 〈 0.01] as compared with normal body-weight subjects Furthermore, decreased fMRI intensity was significant different from baseline intensity [（5.7±2.5）% vs （14.3±5.5）%, t =2.56, P 〈 0.05] in obese subjects, but not in normal body-weight subjects. The area o hypothalamus in normal body-weight volunteers demonstrated no significant signal change before and afte oral water ingestion （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Hypothalamus response to glucose loading is different in normal body-weighted and obes subjects. This suggests that fMRI is a useful tool to evaluate the central regulation of glucose metabolism.展开更多
A relaxation-rate formula is presented for the entropic lattice Boltzmann model(ELBM) - a discrete kinetic theory for hydrodynamics. The simple formula not only guarantees the discrete time H-theorem but also gives fu...A relaxation-rate formula is presented for the entropic lattice Boltzmann model(ELBM) - a discrete kinetic theory for hydrodynamics. The simple formula not only guarantees the discrete time H-theorem but also gives full consideration to the consistency with hydrodynamics. The relaxation rate calculated with the formula effectively characterizes the drastic changes of the flow fields. By using this formula, the computational cost of the ELBM is significantly reduced and the model now can be efficiently used for a broad range of applications including high Reynolds number flows.展开更多
Adsorption and photocatalysis are regarded as two desirable technologies for wastewater remediation,but are still unsatisfactory in removal effect,eco-friendly regeneration and facile reusability.In this study,we deve...Adsorption and photocatalysis are regarded as two desirable technologies for wastewater remediation,but are still unsatisfactory in removal effect,eco-friendly regeneration and facile reusability.In this study,we developed a composite nanofibrous membrane material with excellent removal performance for organic pollutants based on synergistic adsorption and photocatalysis.A novel boron-doped,nitrogen-deficient graphitic carbon nitride(B-C3N4)photocatalyst as well as an amphiphilic copolymer of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid(p(MMA-AA))were synthesized respectively,and then used to modify polyethersulfone for the fabrication of composite nanofibrous membrane with improved hydrophilicity,negativelycharge property and enhanced visible light response simultaneously.Subsequently,the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation for organic pollutants were identified especially and resulted in an excellent removal efficiency even superior to the combination of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation,which could be called a“1+1>2”effect.In addition,the regeneration and reusability,the purification ability for multicomponent wastewater,and the photocatalytic mechanism,were investigated and discussed systematically.In this work,we not only prepared the nanofibrous membrane with synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis,but also provided a versatile approach to design dualfunctional support material to ensure the practical applications of powdery photocatalyst in wastewater treatment.展开更多
The adsorption technology has been widely applied in water remediation for contamination removal of dyes and bacteria,by virtue of the advantages of adsorption technology including high efficiency,energy conservation ...The adsorption technology has been widely applied in water remediation for contamination removal of dyes and bacteria,by virtue of the advantages of adsorption technology including high efficiency,energy conservation and ease of operation.Simultaneous removal of dyes and bacteria has been realized by some reported materials,but to achieve satisfactory adsorption amounts and rates remain an unmet goal for decades.Herein,a poly(methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-co-methyl methacrylate)copolymer was synthesized,and then blended with polyethersulfone for the fabrication of nanofibrous membranes via electrospinning for the use of fast and massive removal of dyes and bacteria.Owing to the introduction of abundant quaternary ammonium groups,the maximum adsorption amount for methyl orange was up to 909.8 mg g^(-1).In addition,the modified nanofibrous membranes showed good recyclability,broad applications in severe environments,selective adsorption ability,and excellent dynamic removal performance.Especially,thanks to the abundant functional groups,the membranes showed fast adsorption ability for bacteria through electrostatic interaction.It should be noted that the clearance ratio for Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli by 6 min of static adsorption could reach 93%or 90%for each.Additionally,dynamic removal ratio via filtration with the nanofibrous membranes could reach 99.7%for Staphylococcus aureus or 98.7%for Escherichia coli in 90 s.Therefore,the proposed approach towards the quaternary ammonium modified polyethersulfone nanofibrous membranes creates a new route for ultra-high adsorption capacity and ultra-fast removal rates for dyes and bacteria in water remediation.展开更多
Patients with chronic kidney disease are at high risk of hyperkalemia that is associated with various lifethreatening complications.Treatments primarily rely on orally administered potassium binding agents,along with ...Patients with chronic kidney disease are at high risk of hyperkalemia that is associated with various lifethreatening complications.Treatments primarily rely on orally administered potassium binding agents,along with low curative effects and various side effects.Herein,direct serum potassium uptake was realized via zeolite–heparin-mimicking-polymer hybrid microbeads.The preparation process involved the synthesis of the heparin-mimicking polymer via the in situ cross-linking polymerization of acrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone in polyethersulfone solution,the fabrication of microbeads via zeolite-mixing,electro-spraying and phase-inversion,and the subsequent aqueous-phase modifications based on ion-exchange and metal-leaching.An ultra-high(about 88%)amount of zeolite could be incorporated and well locked inside the polymer matrix.Potassium uptake capability was verified in water,normal saline and human serum,showing high selectivity and fast adsorption.The microbeads exhibited satisfying blood compatibility,negligible hemolysis ratio,prolonged clotting time,inhibited contact activation,and enhanced antifouling property toward serum proteins and cells.The proposed approach toward zeolite–heparin-mimicking-polymer hybrid microbeads provided a cheap,efficient and safe treatment protocol of hyperkalemia for the high-risk patients.展开更多
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas(hereinafter referred to as“2+26”cities)are one of the most severe air pollution areas in China.The fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and surface ozone(O_(3))pollution h...Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas(hereinafter referred to as“2+26”cities)are one of the most severe air pollution areas in China.The fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and surface ozone(O_(3))pollution have aroused a significant concern on the national scale.In this study,we analyzed the pollution characteristics of PM_(2.5) and O_(3) in“2+26”cities,and then estimated the health burden and economic loss before and after the implementation of the joint PM_(2.5)-O_(3) control policy.During 2017–2019,PM_(2.5) concentration reduced by 19%while the maximum daily 8 hr average(MDA8)O_(3) stayed stable in“2+26”cities.Spatially,PM_(2.5) pollution in the south-central area and O_(3) pollution in the central region were more severe than anywhere else.With the reduction in PM_(2.5) concentration,premature deaths fromPM_(2.5) decreased by 18%from 2017 to 2019.In contrast,premature deaths from O_(3) increased by 5%.Noticeably,the huge potential health benefits can be gained after the implementation of a joint PM_(2.5)-O_(3) control policy.The premature deaths attributed to PM_(2.5) and O_(3) would be reduced by 91.6%and 89.1%,and the avoidable economic loss would be 60.8 billion Chinese Yuan(CNY),and 68.4 billion CNY in 2035 compared with that in 2019,respectively.Therefore,it is of significance to implement the jointPM_(2.5)-O_(3) control policy for improving public health and economic development.展开更多
Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) is an autoimmune disease involving dysregulation of a broad array of homeostatic and metabolic processes. Although considerable single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been unveiled, a la...Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) is an autoimmune disease involving dysregulation of a broad array of homeostatic and metabolic processes. Although considerable single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been unveiled, a large fraction of risk factors remains enigmatic. Candidate genes with rare mutations that tend to confer more deleterious effects need to be identified. To help pinpoint cellular and developmental mechanisms beyond common noncoding variants, we integrate whole exome sequencing with integrative network analysis to investigate genes harboring de novo mutations. Prominent convergence has been revealed on a network of disease-specific co-expression comprised of 55 genes associated with homeostasis and metabolism. The transcription factor gene MEF2 D and the DNA repair gene PARP2 are highlighted as hub genes and identified to be up-and down-regulated, respectively, in peripheral blood data set. Enrichment analysis demonstrates that altered expression of MEF2 D and PARP2 may trigger a series of molecular and cellular processes with pivotal roles in PBC pathophysiology. Our study identifies genes with de novo mutations in PBC and suggests that a subset of genes in homeostasis and metabolism tend to act in synergy through converging on co-expression network, providing novel insights into the etiology of PBC and expanding the pool of molecular candidates for discovering clinically actionable biomarkers.展开更多
Artificial lung membranes as the core module of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation technology(ECMO)execute the function of extracorporeal blood-gas barrier accomplishing CO_(2)/O_(2)exchange with blood.However,th...Artificial lung membranes as the core module of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation technology(ECMO)execute the function of extracorporeal blood-gas barrier accomplishing CO_(2)/O_(2)exchange with blood.However,the unsatisfactory hemocompatibility and difficulty in functionalization are the promi-nent challenges faced by current artificial lung membrane materials.In this study,polyethersulfone(PES)composite membranes with self-anticoagulant property and high gas exchange efficient are fabricated by blending PES matrix with poly(vinylamine)(PVAm)modified carboxylic carbon nanotubes(mCNTs)and citrate-based poly(octamethylene-citrate)(POC)pre-polymers.The mCNTs construct specific gas transfer channels within the composite membranes to enhance the gas permeability,while the POC pre-polymers provide anticoagulant property based on the chelation to blood Ca^(2+)and the inactivation effect to in-trinsic coagulation factors.Importantly,directed by the actual ECMO gas exchange mode,we design a gas-liquid convectional circulation device that could evaluate gas exchange efficiency for the composite membranes under mimetic ECMO state.Therefore,this strategy not only proposes a new design method of advanced artificial lung membranes to solve the practical challenges in the current ECMO technology,but also establishes a scientific testing method to evaluate the gas exchange performance for new-type artificial lung membrane materials in the future.展开更多
The development of wearable artificial livers was restricted to device miniaturization and bleeding risk with water-soluble anticoagulants.Herein,a double-deck column filled with solid anticoagulant microspheres and K...The development of wearable artificial livers was restricted to device miniaturization and bleeding risk with water-soluble anticoagulants.Herein,a double-deck column filled with solid anticoagulant microspheres and Kevlar porous microspheres(KPMs,bilirubin adsorbents)was connected with the principle machine of wearable artificial liver(approximately 9 kg)to treat hyperbilirubinemia beagles for the first time.With the initial normal dose of heparin,the double-deck column could afford 3 h hemoperfusion in whole blood without thrombus formation.The removal efficiency of the double-deck column for total bilirubin(TBIL)was 31.4%.Interestingly,the excessive amounts of hepatocyte metabolites were also decreased by approximately 25%.The“anticoagulant+column”realized safe and effective whole blood hemoperfusion without the plasma separation system and heparin pump;however,the proposed principle machine of wearable artificial liver and“anticoagulant+column”cannot completely replace the bio-liver now.The intelligence of the device and the versatility of the adsorbent need to be improved;moreover,advanced experimental techniques need to be developed to validate the survival rates in animals.Overall,this study is a meaningful trial for the development of wearable artificial livers in the future.展开更多
Hemodialysis,the most common modality of renal replacement therapy,is critically required to remove uremic toxins from the blood of patients with end-stage kidney disease.However,the chronic inflammation,oxidative str...Hemodialysis,the most common modality of renal replacement therapy,is critically required to remove uremic toxins from the blood of patients with end-stage kidney disease.However,the chronic inflammation,oxidative stress as well as throm-bosis induced by the long-term contact of hemoincompatible hollow-fiber membranes(HFMs)contribute to the increase in cardiovascular diseases and mortality in this patient population.This review first retrospectively analyzes the current clini-cal and laboratory research progress in improving the hemocompatibility of HFMs.Details on different HFMs currently in clinical use and their design are described.Subsequently,we elaborate on the adverse interactions between blood and HFMs,involving protein adsorption,platelet adhesion and activation,and the activation of immune and coagulation systems,and the focus is on how to improve the hemocompatibility of HFMs in these aspects.Finally,challenges and future perspectives for improving the hemocompatibility of HFMs are also discussed to promote the development and clinical application of new hemocompatible HFMs.展开更多
Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts and progressive cholestasis,eventually leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure wi...Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts and progressive cholestasis,eventually leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure without appropriate treatment(Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli et al.,2019).展开更多
基金the Key Project of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province(20150311016-5)the Science and Technology innovation Foundation of Shanxi Agricultural University(2017ZZ09)。
文摘The extract of crofton weed(Eupatorium adenophorum) inhibits seed germination and weed growth;however,the physiological mechanisms underlying the effect of crofton weed extract on the modulation of seedling growth and root system development remain largely unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of the leaf extract of crofton weed(LECW) on primary root(PR) growth in maize seedlings.Treatment with LECW markedly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth in a dose-dependent manner.Physiological analysis indicated that the LECW induced reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation in root tips,thereby leading to cell swelling and deformation both in the root cap and elongation zone of root tips,finally leading to cell death in root border cells(RBCs) and PR growth inhibition.The LECW also inhibited pectin methyl esterase(PME) activity,thereby decreasing the RBC number.Taken together,our results indicated that the LECW inhibited PR growth by inducing ROS accumulation and subsequent cell death in RBCs.The present study provides a better understanding of how the LECW modifies root system development and provides insight for evaluating the toxicity of crofton weed extracts in plants.
基金a grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China, No.C30370432
文摘BACKGROUND： Because of the limitation of technique, there are few researches on regulating function o central hypothalamus by metabolism, especially the researches on real-time function. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the response of hypothalamus to oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） in differen body-weighted subjects by using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） so as to investigate th relationship between the sensitivity of hypothalamus in glycoregulation and disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism. DESIGN： Paired design. SETTING： Department of Radiology and Beijing Geriatrics Institute, Beijing Hospital, National Publi Health Bureau. PARTICIPANTS： A total of twenty healthy volunteers were selected from Beijing Geriatrics Institute National Public Health Bureau, including 10 subjects with obesity （5 males and 5 females; body mass 〉 28.0 kg/m2） and 10 subjects with normal body mass （5 males and 5 females; body mass from 18.5 to 23.9 kg/m2）. All subjects gave written informed consent before participating in the study. METHODS： fMRI study was performed on GE 1.5 T Signa Twinspeed Infinity with Excite. Each voluntee was ingested of glucose during the fMRI scan. T2＊ images were acquired using a single-shot gradient echo （EPI） technique. The parameters of EPI included： TR 3 000 ms, TE 40 ms, Flip angle 90°, field of view （FOV） 24 cm × 24 cm, thickness 5 mm, gap 0 mm, matrix 64 × 64, number of excitation 1. All 10 subjects with normal body mass underwent a repeat fMRI scan after consuming an equivalent amount o water without glucose on a separate day. The procedure for the fMRI scan with water intake was the same a for glucose ingestion. fMRI data were processed with Intensity Averaging Method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The central response of hypothalamus and feedback orientation during OGTT in different body-weighted subjects. RESULTS： An acute transient decrease of fMRI intensity in posterior inferior and anterior inferior o hypothalamus was observed in all subjects within 2 minutes after oral glucose intake. This decrease wa followed by a recovery to the baseline. However, obese subjects had a delayed intensity decrease [（1.96± 1.06） minutes vs. （1.04±0.71） minutes, t =2.14, P 〈 0.05] and longer recovery time [（26.62±7.35 minutes vs. （16.29±6.42） minutes, t =3.67, P 〈 0.01] as compared with normal body-weight subjects Furthermore, decreased fMRI intensity was significant different from baseline intensity [（5.7±2.5）% vs （14.3±5.5）%, t =2.56, P 〈 0.05] in obese subjects, but not in normal body-weight subjects. The area o hypothalamus in normal body-weight volunteers demonstrated no significant signal change before and afte oral water ingestion （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Hypothalamus response to glucose loading is different in normal body-weighted and obes subjects. This suggests that fMRI is a useful tool to evaluate the central regulation of glucose metabolism.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11471185,11801030,and 11861131004)
文摘A relaxation-rate formula is presented for the entropic lattice Boltzmann model(ELBM) - a discrete kinetic theory for hydrodynamics. The simple formula not only guarantees the discrete time H-theorem but also gives full consideration to the consistency with hydrodynamics. The relaxation rate calculated with the formula effectively characterizes the drastic changes of the flow fields. By using this formula, the computational cost of the ELBM is significantly reduced and the model now can be efficiently used for a broad range of applications including high Reynolds number flows.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52003179 and 52073190)。
文摘Adsorption and photocatalysis are regarded as two desirable technologies for wastewater remediation,but are still unsatisfactory in removal effect,eco-friendly regeneration and facile reusability.In this study,we developed a composite nanofibrous membrane material with excellent removal performance for organic pollutants based on synergistic adsorption and photocatalysis.A novel boron-doped,nitrogen-deficient graphitic carbon nitride(B-C3N4)photocatalyst as well as an amphiphilic copolymer of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid(p(MMA-AA))were synthesized respectively,and then used to modify polyethersulfone for the fabrication of composite nanofibrous membrane with improved hydrophilicity,negativelycharge property and enhanced visible light response simultaneously.Subsequently,the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation for organic pollutants were identified especially and resulted in an excellent removal efficiency even superior to the combination of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation,which could be called a“1+1>2”effect.In addition,the regeneration and reusability,the purification ability for multicomponent wastewater,and the photocatalytic mechanism,were investigated and discussed systematically.In this work,we not only prepared the nanofibrous membrane with synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis,but also provided a versatile approach to design dualfunctional support material to ensure the practical applications of powdery photocatalyst in wastewater treatment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51773127,51873115,51803131 and 51803134)the State Key Research Development Programme of China(Nos.2016YFC1103000 and 2018YFC1106400)the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province(Nos.2017SZ0011 and 2019YJ0132)。
文摘The adsorption technology has been widely applied in water remediation for contamination removal of dyes and bacteria,by virtue of the advantages of adsorption technology including high efficiency,energy conservation and ease of operation.Simultaneous removal of dyes and bacteria has been realized by some reported materials,but to achieve satisfactory adsorption amounts and rates remain an unmet goal for decades.Herein,a poly(methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-co-methyl methacrylate)copolymer was synthesized,and then blended with polyethersulfone for the fabrication of nanofibrous membranes via electrospinning for the use of fast and massive removal of dyes and bacteria.Owing to the introduction of abundant quaternary ammonium groups,the maximum adsorption amount for methyl orange was up to 909.8 mg g^(-1).In addition,the modified nanofibrous membranes showed good recyclability,broad applications in severe environments,selective adsorption ability,and excellent dynamic removal performance.Especially,thanks to the abundant functional groups,the membranes showed fast adsorption ability for bacteria through electrostatic interaction.It should be noted that the clearance ratio for Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli by 6 min of static adsorption could reach 93%or 90%for each.Additionally,dynamic removal ratio via filtration with the nanofibrous membranes could reach 99.7%for Staphylococcus aureus or 98.7%for Escherichia coli in 90 s.Therefore,the proposed approach towards the quaternary ammonium modified polyethersulfone nanofibrous membranes creates a new route for ultra-high adsorption capacity and ultra-fast removal rates for dyes and bacteria in water remediation.
基金This work was financially sponsored by the State Key Research Development Programme of China(Grant No.2016YFC1103000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51773127,51873115)+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province(2019YJ0132)We gratefully acknowledge the help of the Analytical and Testing Center at Sichuan University for the SEM and XPS analysis.
文摘Patients with chronic kidney disease are at high risk of hyperkalemia that is associated with various lifethreatening complications.Treatments primarily rely on orally administered potassium binding agents,along with low curative effects and various side effects.Herein,direct serum potassium uptake was realized via zeolite–heparin-mimicking-polymer hybrid microbeads.The preparation process involved the synthesis of the heparin-mimicking polymer via the in situ cross-linking polymerization of acrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone in polyethersulfone solution,the fabrication of microbeads via zeolite-mixing,electro-spraying and phase-inversion,and the subsequent aqueous-phase modifications based on ion-exchange and metal-leaching.An ultra-high(about 88%)amount of zeolite could be incorporated and well locked inside the polymer matrix.Potassium uptake capability was verified in water,normal saline and human serum,showing high selectivity and fast adsorption.The microbeads exhibited satisfying blood compatibility,negligible hemolysis ratio,prolonged clotting time,inhibited contact activation,and enhanced antifouling property toward serum proteins and cells.The proposed approach toward zeolite–heparin-mimicking-polymer hybrid microbeads provided a cheap,efficient and safe treatment protocol of hyperkalemia for the high-risk patients.
基金supported by the Overseas Talents Introduction Funded Project of Hebei Province(No.C20200308)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(No.ZD2020135).
文摘Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas(hereinafter referred to as“2+26”cities)are one of the most severe air pollution areas in China.The fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and surface ozone(O_(3))pollution have aroused a significant concern on the national scale.In this study,we analyzed the pollution characteristics of PM_(2.5) and O_(3) in“2+26”cities,and then estimated the health burden and economic loss before and after the implementation of the joint PM_(2.5)-O_(3) control policy.During 2017–2019,PM_(2.5) concentration reduced by 19%while the maximum daily 8 hr average(MDA8)O_(3) stayed stable in“2+26”cities.Spatially,PM_(2.5) pollution in the south-central area and O_(3) pollution in the central region were more severe than anywhere else.With the reduction in PM_(2.5) concentration,premature deaths fromPM_(2.5) decreased by 18%from 2017 to 2019.In contrast,premature deaths from O_(3) increased by 5%.Noticeably,the huge potential health benefits can be gained after the implementation of a joint PM_(2.5)-O_(3) control policy.The premature deaths attributed to PM_(2.5) and O_(3) would be reduced by 91.6%and 89.1%,and the avoidable economic loss would be 60.8 billion Chinese Yuan(CNY),and 68.4 billion CNY in 2035 compared with that in 2019,respectively.Therefore,it is of significance to implement the jointPM_(2.5)-O_(3) control policy for improving public health and economic development.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81870397 to X.D.L.81620108002, 81771732, 81830016 to X.M+2 种基金and 81570469 to R.Q.T.)by grants from Jiangsu provincial research fund (BE2017713 to X.D.L and BL2018657 to Y.T.)a grant from National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0900400)。
文摘Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) is an autoimmune disease involving dysregulation of a broad array of homeostatic and metabolic processes. Although considerable single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been unveiled, a large fraction of risk factors remains enigmatic. Candidate genes with rare mutations that tend to confer more deleterious effects need to be identified. To help pinpoint cellular and developmental mechanisms beyond common noncoding variants, we integrate whole exome sequencing with integrative network analysis to investigate genes harboring de novo mutations. Prominent convergence has been revealed on a network of disease-specific co-expression comprised of 55 genes associated with homeostasis and metabolism. The transcription factor gene MEF2 D and the DNA repair gene PARP2 are highlighted as hub genes and identified to be up-and down-regulated, respectively, in peripheral blood data set. Enrichment analysis demonstrates that altered expression of MEF2 D and PARP2 may trigger a series of molecular and cellular processes with pivotal roles in PBC pathophysiology. Our study identifies genes with de novo mutations in PBC and suggests that a subset of genes in homeostasis and metabolism tend to act in synergy through converging on co-expression network, providing novel insights into the etiology of PBC and expanding the pool of molecular candidates for discovering clinically actionable biomarkers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A2098,51903171)the Key Research and Development Support Programme of Chengdu(No.2020-YF05-00316-SN)+2 种基金the State Key Research Development Pro-gramme of China(No.2018YFC1106400)the Science and Technol-ogy Project of Sichuan Province(No.2021YJ0188)the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(No.sklpme2020-3-06).
文摘Artificial lung membranes as the core module of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation technology(ECMO)execute the function of extracorporeal blood-gas barrier accomplishing CO_(2)/O_(2)exchange with blood.However,the unsatisfactory hemocompatibility and difficulty in functionalization are the promi-nent challenges faced by current artificial lung membrane materials.In this study,polyethersulfone(PES)composite membranes with self-anticoagulant property and high gas exchange efficient are fabricated by blending PES matrix with poly(vinylamine)(PVAm)modified carboxylic carbon nanotubes(mCNTs)and citrate-based poly(octamethylene-citrate)(POC)pre-polymers.The mCNTs construct specific gas transfer channels within the composite membranes to enhance the gas permeability,while the POC pre-polymers provide anticoagulant property based on the chelation to blood Ca^(2+)and the inactivation effect to in-trinsic coagulation factors.Importantly,directed by the actual ECMO gas exchange mode,we design a gas-liquid convectional circulation device that could evaluate gas exchange efficiency for the composite membranes under mimetic ECMO state.Therefore,this strategy not only proposes a new design method of advanced artificial lung membranes to solve the practical challenges in the current ECMO technology,but also establishes a scientific testing method to evaluate the gas exchange performance for new-type artificial lung membrane materials in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073190,52122306,51873115,U21A2098).
文摘The development of wearable artificial livers was restricted to device miniaturization and bleeding risk with water-soluble anticoagulants.Herein,a double-deck column filled with solid anticoagulant microspheres and Kevlar porous microspheres(KPMs,bilirubin adsorbents)was connected with the principle machine of wearable artificial liver(approximately 9 kg)to treat hyperbilirubinemia beagles for the first time.With the initial normal dose of heparin,the double-deck column could afford 3 h hemoperfusion in whole blood without thrombus formation.The removal efficiency of the double-deck column for total bilirubin(TBIL)was 31.4%.Interestingly,the excessive amounts of hepatocyte metabolites were also decreased by approximately 25%.The“anticoagulant+column”realized safe and effective whole blood hemoperfusion without the plasma separation system and heparin pump;however,the proposed principle machine of wearable artificial liver and“anticoagulant+column”cannot completely replace the bio-liver now.The intelligence of the device and the versatility of the adsorbent need to be improved;moreover,advanced experimental techniques need to be developed to validate the survival rates in animals.Overall,this study is a meaningful trial for the development of wearable artificial livers in the future.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51773127,51873115 and 52073190)。
文摘Hemodialysis,the most common modality of renal replacement therapy,is critically required to remove uremic toxins from the blood of patients with end-stage kidney disease.However,the chronic inflammation,oxidative stress as well as throm-bosis induced by the long-term contact of hemoincompatible hollow-fiber membranes(HFMs)contribute to the increase in cardiovascular diseases and mortality in this patient population.This review first retrospectively analyzes the current clini-cal and laboratory research progress in improving the hemocompatibility of HFMs.Details on different HFMs currently in clinical use and their design are described.Subsequently,we elaborate on the adverse interactions between blood and HFMs,involving protein adsorption,platelet adhesion and activation,and the activation of immune and coagulation systems,and the focus is on how to improve the hemocompatibility of HFMs in these aspects.Finally,challenges and future perspectives for improving the hemocompatibility of HFMs are also discussed to promote the development and clinical application of new hemocompatible HFMs.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Nos.81870397,82000534,and 82073156)Shenzhen Kangzhe Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd,China(URC-126/PBC)+1 种基金The Fifth Suzhou Health Talent Project(GSWS201903)The Suzhou Radiotherapy Clinical Medical Center Project,Suzhou,Jiangsu,China(Szlcyxzx202103).
文摘Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts and progressive cholestasis,eventually leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure without appropriate treatment(Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli et al.,2019).
