Core-shell toughening particles are structured composite particles consisting of generally two different components, one at the center as a rubbery elastic core and surrounding by the second as a glassy inelastic shel...Core-shell toughening particles are structured composite particles consisting of generally two different components, one at the center as a rubbery elastic core and surrounding by the second as a glassy inelastic shell. The design, preparation, and application of core-shell polymer particles have been briefly reviewed. Morphological characteristics of the core-shell particles by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) are focused. The vital factors that are useful to control core-shell morphology and toughening properties including core-shell monomer species, polymerization conditions, cross-linking reagents, synthetic method, and post-processing techniques are analyzed. Distinguished properties are mainly considered as the most desirable features that endow core-shell polymer particles with various applicabilities, particularly as effectively toughening components in brittle epoxy resin and polylactide that are substrate of copper clad laminate widely used in the modern electronic world and environmentally friendly materials that are useful as packaging films, disposable tableware, biomedical equipment, and new energy vehicles.展开更多
Well-aligned open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotube （MWCNT） arrays were prepared via chemical vapor deposition （CVD） method in porous anodic aluminum oxide （AAO） templates without depositing any transition meta...Well-aligned open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotube （MWCNT） arrays were prepared via chemical vapor deposition （CVD） method in porous anodic aluminum oxide （AAO） templates without depositing any transition metals as catalyst. Effects of the CVD temperature and heat treatment were studied in detail. Well-aligned open-ended MWCNT arrays were obtained at the CVD temperature above 600℃; when CVD temperature is reduced to around 550℃, CNTs, CNFs and other structures existed at the same time; no CNTs or carbon nanofibres （CNFs） could be fouad as the CVD temperature is below 500℃, and only amorphous carbon in the porous AAO template was found. Experimental results showed that the AAO template is catalytic during the CVD process, and it has the following two effects： to catalyze thermal decomposition of acetylene and to catalyze conversion of carbon decomposed from acetylene into CNTs or CNFs. Heat treatment could improve the graphitization degree, but it might also introduce new defects.展开更多
Dear editor,Polyarteritis nodosa(PAN) is a rare form of vasculitis involving small-and medium-sized vessels in multiple organs. Severe gastrointestinal(GI) hemorrhage in PAN due to multiple ruptures of aneurysms of ar...Dear editor,Polyarteritis nodosa(PAN) is a rare form of vasculitis involving small-and medium-sized vessels in multiple organs. Severe gastrointestinal(GI) hemorrhage in PAN due to multiple ruptures of aneurysms of arteries is uncommon and life-threatening.展开更多
We conducted three experiments for management of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） biotype＇ B＇ on tomatoes under greenhouse conditions： （i） vertically placing yellow sticky cards either parallel or perpendicular to to...We conducted three experiments for management of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） biotype＇ B＇ on tomatoes under greenhouse conditions： （i） vertically placing yellow sticky cards either parallel or perpendicular to tomato rows at a rate of 1 per 3-m row; （ii） releasing Eretmocerus sp. nr. rajasthanicus once at 30 adults/m2 in the high whitefly density greenhouses （〉 10 adults/plant）, or twice at 15 adults/m2 at a 5-day interval in the low whitefly density greenhouses （〈 10 adults/plant）; and （iii） using combinations of yellow sticky cards that were placed vertically parallel to tomato rows and parasitoids released once at 30/m2 in high whitefly density greenhouses or twice at 15/m2 at a 5-day interval in low whitefly density greenhouses. Our data show that yellow sticky cards trapped B. tabaci adults and significantly reduced whitefly populations on tomato. The yellow sticky cards that were placed parallel to tomato rows caught significantly more whitefly adults than those placed perpendicular to tomato rows on every sampling date. In the treatment where parasitoids were released once at 30/m2 in high whitefly density greenhouses, the number of live whitefly nymphs were reduced from 4.6/leaf to 2.9/leaf in 40 days as compared with those on untreated plants on which live whitefly nymphs increased from 4.4/leaf to 8.9/leaf. In the treatment where parasitoids were released twice at 15/m2 in low whitefly density greenhouses, the numbers of live nymphs ofB. tabaci on tomato leaves were reduced from 2.1/leaf to 1.7/leaf in 20 days as compared with those on untreated plants on which numbers of live nymphs ofB. tabaci increased from 2.2/leaf to 4.5/leaf. In the treatment of yellow sticky cards and parasitoid release once at 30/m2 in high whitefly density greenhouses, the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on tomato leaves were reduced from 7.2/leaf to 1.9/leaf, and in the treatment of yellow sticky cards and parasitoid release twice at 15/m2 at a 5-day interval at low whitefly density, the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on tomato leaves were reduced from 2.5/leaf to 0.8/leaf; whereas the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on untreated plants increased from 4.4/leaf to 8.9/leaf. An integrated program for management of B. tabaci on greenhouse vegetables by using yellow sticky cards, parasitoids and biorational insecticides is discussed.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52173011)。
文摘Core-shell toughening particles are structured composite particles consisting of generally two different components, one at the center as a rubbery elastic core and surrounding by the second as a glassy inelastic shell. The design, preparation, and application of core-shell polymer particles have been briefly reviewed. Morphological characteristics of the core-shell particles by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) are focused. The vital factors that are useful to control core-shell morphology and toughening properties including core-shell monomer species, polymerization conditions, cross-linking reagents, synthetic method, and post-processing techniques are analyzed. Distinguished properties are mainly considered as the most desirable features that endow core-shell polymer particles with various applicabilities, particularly as effectively toughening components in brittle epoxy resin and polylactide that are substrate of copper clad laminate widely used in the modern electronic world and environmentally friendly materials that are useful as packaging films, disposable tableware, biomedical equipment, and new energy vehicles.
基金This project was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （863 Program, No. 2004AA302030） and Na- tional Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC No. 60574095）. Tests and analysis are supported by the United Foundation for Testing ＆： Analysis in Hefei, Chi- nese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Well-aligned open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotube （MWCNT） arrays were prepared via chemical vapor deposition （CVD） method in porous anodic aluminum oxide （AAO） templates without depositing any transition metals as catalyst. Effects of the CVD temperature and heat treatment were studied in detail. Well-aligned open-ended MWCNT arrays were obtained at the CVD temperature above 600℃; when CVD temperature is reduced to around 550℃, CNTs, CNFs and other structures existed at the same time; no CNTs or carbon nanofibres （CNFs） could be fouad as the CVD temperature is below 500℃, and only amorphous carbon in the porous AAO template was found. Experimental results showed that the AAO template is catalytic during the CVD process, and it has the following two effects： to catalyze thermal decomposition of acetylene and to catalyze conversion of carbon decomposed from acetylene into CNTs or CNFs. Heat treatment could improve the graphitization degree, but it might also introduce new defects.
文摘Dear editor,Polyarteritis nodosa(PAN) is a rare form of vasculitis involving small-and medium-sized vessels in multiple organs. Severe gastrointestinal(GI) hemorrhage in PAN due to multiple ruptures of aneurysms of arteries is uncommon and life-threatening.
基金This research was funded by Tianjin City Science ＆ Technology Training Project （No. 043121811）, South Tianjin National Science ＆ Technology Demonstration District Special Project （No. 043124311）, and the General Project of Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation （No. 05YFJMJC07100）. We would like to thank G. A. Evans CUSDA-APHIS, BeltsviUe, MD, USA） and J. Huang （Fujian Agricultural ＆ Forestry University, Fuzhou, China） for identification of the parasitoid. We would also like to thank W. J. Sun, Director of South Tianjin National Sci- ence ＆ Technology Demonstration District, for his support.
文摘We conducted three experiments for management of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） biotype＇ B＇ on tomatoes under greenhouse conditions： （i） vertically placing yellow sticky cards either parallel or perpendicular to tomato rows at a rate of 1 per 3-m row; （ii） releasing Eretmocerus sp. nr. rajasthanicus once at 30 adults/m2 in the high whitefly density greenhouses （〉 10 adults/plant）, or twice at 15 adults/m2 at a 5-day interval in the low whitefly density greenhouses （〈 10 adults/plant）; and （iii） using combinations of yellow sticky cards that were placed vertically parallel to tomato rows and parasitoids released once at 30/m2 in high whitefly density greenhouses or twice at 15/m2 at a 5-day interval in low whitefly density greenhouses. Our data show that yellow sticky cards trapped B. tabaci adults and significantly reduced whitefly populations on tomato. The yellow sticky cards that were placed parallel to tomato rows caught significantly more whitefly adults than those placed perpendicular to tomato rows on every sampling date. In the treatment where parasitoids were released once at 30/m2 in high whitefly density greenhouses, the number of live whitefly nymphs were reduced from 4.6/leaf to 2.9/leaf in 40 days as compared with those on untreated plants on which live whitefly nymphs increased from 4.4/leaf to 8.9/leaf. In the treatment where parasitoids were released twice at 15/m2 in low whitefly density greenhouses, the numbers of live nymphs ofB. tabaci on tomato leaves were reduced from 2.1/leaf to 1.7/leaf in 20 days as compared with those on untreated plants on which numbers of live nymphs ofB. tabaci increased from 2.2/leaf to 4.5/leaf. In the treatment of yellow sticky cards and parasitoid release once at 30/m2 in high whitefly density greenhouses, the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on tomato leaves were reduced from 7.2/leaf to 1.9/leaf, and in the treatment of yellow sticky cards and parasitoid release twice at 15/m2 at a 5-day interval at low whitefly density, the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on tomato leaves were reduced from 2.5/leaf to 0.8/leaf; whereas the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on untreated plants increased from 4.4/leaf to 8.9/leaf. An integrated program for management of B. tabaci on greenhouse vegetables by using yellow sticky cards, parasitoids and biorational insecticides is discussed.
