Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are extremely useful for creating biocompatible surfaces on medical implants. DLC and silicon doped DLC synthesised on silicon wafer substrate by using plasma enhanced chemical vapou...Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are extremely useful for creating biocompatible surfaces on medical implants. DLC and silicon doped DLC synthesised on silicon wafer substrate by using plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). The effects of surface morphology on the interaction of HSA with doped and undoped DLC films have been investigated. The chemical composition of the surface before and after adsorption was analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Results showed that silicon incorporation DLC tends to increase of sp3/sp2 hybridization ratio by decreasing sp2 hybridized carbon bonding configurations. Following exposure to solutions containing (0.250 μg/ml) HSA, the results indicated that significant changes in the C, N and O levels on the surfaces with reducing of the Si2p band at 100 eV. From FTIR spectrum, the peaks occur the following functional groups were assigned as amide I and II groups at 1650 cm-1 and 1580 cm-1. Both XPS and FTIR spectroscopy confirm that HSA was bound onto the surfaces of the DLC and Si-DLC films via interaction of ionized carboxyl groups and the amino group did not play a significant role in the adsorption of protein. These results from peak intensity show that an adsorbed layer of HSA is higher at high level (19%) silicon doping. Therefore doping of DLC may provide an approach to controlling the protein adsorption.展开更多
Studies have shown that the three subunits of β-conglycinin are the main potential allergens of soybean sensitive patients.And β-conglycinin has adverse effects on nutrition and food processing.So solation and produ...Studies have shown that the three subunits of β-conglycinin are the main potential allergens of soybean sensitive patients.And β-conglycinin has adverse effects on nutrition and food processing.So solation and production of lines with lowerβ-conglycinin content has been the focus of recent soybean breeding projects.Soybean lines with deficiency in one or all subunits of β-congIycinin have been obtained.An effective and rapid system to identify such mutations will facilitate genetic manipulation of the β-conglycinin subunit composition.Here,two segregating F2 populations were developed from crosses between Cgy-1/cgy-1(CC),anα'-lacking line(△α'),and DongNong 47(DN47),a wild-type(Wt)Chinese soybean cultivar with normal globulin components,and Cgy-2/cgy-2(CB),an a-lacking line(△α),and DN47.These populations were used to estimate linkage among the egy-1(conferring α'-null)and cgy-2(α-null)loci and simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers.Seven SSR markers(Sat_038,Satt243,Sat_307,Sat_109,Sat_231,Sat_108 and Sat_190)were determined to co-scgregate with cgy-1,and six SSR markers(Satt650,Satt671,Sat_418,Sat_170,Satt292 and Sat_324)co-segregated with cgy-2.Linkage maps being composed of seven SSR markers and egy-1 locus,and six SSR markers and the cgy-2 locus were then constructed.It assigned that the egy-1 gene to chromosome 10 at a position between Sat_307 and Sat_231,and the cgy-2 gene to chromosome 20 at a position between Satt650 and Satt671.These markers should enable map-based cloning of the egy-1 and cgy-2 genes.For different subunit-deficiency types[α'-null,α-null and(α'+α)-null types],the two sets of SSR markers could also detect of polymorphism between three normal cultivars and seven related mutant lines.The identification of these markers is great significance to the molecular marker-assisted breeding of soybean/9-conglycinin subunits.展开更多
Currently, 86% of the energy originates from fossil fuelsforelectricity. These are expected to run out, causing severe environmental damage threatening future generations. The total impact of Small and Medium Enterpri...Currently, 86% of the energy originates from fossil fuelsforelectricity. These are expected to run out, causing severe environmental damage threatening future generations. The total impact of Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） on the economy is significant. Solar cells harness the sun＇s energy to generate electricity in an environmentally friendly manner. This study compares silicon solar cells to flexible Organic Photovoltaic solar cells （OPV） for electricity energy for a micro-business in the UK and Iraq. It shows that it is feasible to replace existing fossil fuel sources with solar cells in Iraq due to a greater amount of solar radiation striking the earth＇s surface. Flexible solar cells can replace a proportion of the energy requirements in the UK and a larger proportion in Iraq. Using existing 20% efficient solar cells, 28% and 83% of the energy requirements of the microbusiness can be replaced in UK and Iraq respectively. Assuming 20% efficiency for solar cells placed on windows, 74% and 220% of the energy requirements of UK and Kurdistan can be replaced respectively and the surplus stored.展开更多
The objective of this study is to examine the relationship among financial determinants and systematic risk of cement industry. Five financial variables are utilized as components, i.e. industry size, operating effici...The objective of this study is to examine the relationship among financial determinants and systematic risk of cement industry. Five financial variables are utilized as components, i.e. industry size, operating efficiency, liquidity, profitability, and financial leverage in this study. Six years data from 2008 to 2013 have been collected from Karachi Stock Exchange. The consequences of 29 cement industries showed that there is a huge relationship between industry size, operating efficiency, and profitability with 181 systematic risk and results similar to past studies while liquidity and financial leverage have not a significant relationship with beta （systematic risk）. Results are profitable for budgetary approach creators and investors to expand the profits.展开更多
Heat storage properties of phase change materials(PCMs) are essential characteristics that perform a key role in thermal heat energy storage systems.The thermal properties of PCMs can be improved by developing metal f...Heat storage properties of phase change materials(PCMs) are essential characteristics that perform a key role in thermal heat energy storage systems.The thermal properties of PCMs can be improved by developing metal foam/PCM composites.The addition of metal foam in PCMs has a significant effect on the thermal characteristics of PCMs.In this paper,the heat storage properties of two different metal foam/PCM composites were experimentally examined.The behavior of paraffin in metal foam(copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin composites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2) in three directions simultaneously(x,y,and z) was studied.Paraffin was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foams to develop composite materials which resulted in enhancing the thermal conductivity of the paraffin.A comparative analysis is made on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foams/paraffin composites.Inner temperature distribution during the phase transition process is experimentally evaluated.This comparison indicates that temperature uniformity in copper foam/paraffin composite is better than in iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite and pure paraffin at the same heat flux.Experimental results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2),the heat storage time for copper foam/paraffin composite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite.展开更多
Natural pigments are widely utilized as food additives nowadays to impart color or improve the taste of the food products.These pigments are significant food compounds used in the food industry due to their diverse nu...Natural pigments are widely utilized as food additives nowadays to impart color or improve the taste of the food products.These pigments are significant food compounds used in the food industry due to their diverse nutritional and functional attributes.Color is the essential part of any food as it affects the consumer acceptability of the products.Recently consumer interest has shifted towards natural pigments as food colorants due to their high safety margins.Food industries prefer the use of natural pigments for foods and drinks owing to the harmful and undesirable effects of artificial pigments.These pigments include betalains-betaxanthin,betacyanin,flavonoids-anthocyanins,carotenoids-lutein,zeaxanthin,β-carotene,and chlorophylls-chlorophyllins,etc.There are some restrictions associated with the use of natural pigments based on the source of the pigment,quantity,and product nature.This review illustrates applications of permitted pigments in diversified food models and highlights their advantages as food ingredients.展开更多
文摘Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are extremely useful for creating biocompatible surfaces on medical implants. DLC and silicon doped DLC synthesised on silicon wafer substrate by using plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). The effects of surface morphology on the interaction of HSA with doped and undoped DLC films have been investigated. The chemical composition of the surface before and after adsorption was analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Results showed that silicon incorporation DLC tends to increase of sp3/sp2 hybridization ratio by decreasing sp2 hybridized carbon bonding configurations. Following exposure to solutions containing (0.250 μg/ml) HSA, the results indicated that significant changes in the C, N and O levels on the surfaces with reducing of the Si2p band at 100 eV. From FTIR spectrum, the peaks occur the following functional groups were assigned as amide I and II groups at 1650 cm-1 and 1580 cm-1. Both XPS and FTIR spectroscopy confirm that HSA was bound onto the surfaces of the DLC and Si-DLC films via interaction of ionized carboxyl groups and the amino group did not play a significant role in the adsorption of protein. These results from peak intensity show that an adsorbed layer of HSA is higher at high level (19%) silicon doping. Therefore doping of DLC may provide an approach to controlling the protein adsorption.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFD0I00500)Harbin Science and Technology Bureau(2016RQYXJ018,2017RAQXJ104)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801386,31371650 and 31071440)Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation(LC2018008)Heilongjiang General Young Innovative Talents Training Plan(UNPYSCT-20I8158)Certificate of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(2018M641839)the Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in the Chinese Ministry of Education,Northeast Agricultural University(SB17A01)。
文摘Studies have shown that the three subunits of β-conglycinin are the main potential allergens of soybean sensitive patients.And β-conglycinin has adverse effects on nutrition and food processing.So solation and production of lines with lowerβ-conglycinin content has been the focus of recent soybean breeding projects.Soybean lines with deficiency in one or all subunits of β-congIycinin have been obtained.An effective and rapid system to identify such mutations will facilitate genetic manipulation of the β-conglycinin subunit composition.Here,two segregating F2 populations were developed from crosses between Cgy-1/cgy-1(CC),anα'-lacking line(△α'),and DongNong 47(DN47),a wild-type(Wt)Chinese soybean cultivar with normal globulin components,and Cgy-2/cgy-2(CB),an a-lacking line(△α),and DN47.These populations were used to estimate linkage among the egy-1(conferring α'-null)and cgy-2(α-null)loci and simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers.Seven SSR markers(Sat_038,Satt243,Sat_307,Sat_109,Sat_231,Sat_108 and Sat_190)were determined to co-scgregate with cgy-1,and six SSR markers(Satt650,Satt671,Sat_418,Sat_170,Satt292 and Sat_324)co-segregated with cgy-2.Linkage maps being composed of seven SSR markers and egy-1 locus,and six SSR markers and the cgy-2 locus were then constructed.It assigned that the egy-1 gene to chromosome 10 at a position between Sat_307 and Sat_231,and the cgy-2 gene to chromosome 20 at a position between Satt650 and Satt671.These markers should enable map-based cloning of the egy-1 and cgy-2 genes.For different subunit-deficiency types[α'-null,α-null and(α'+α)-null types],the two sets of SSR markers could also detect of polymorphism between three normal cultivars and seven related mutant lines.The identification of these markers is great significance to the molecular marker-assisted breeding of soybean/9-conglycinin subunits.
文摘Currently, 86% of the energy originates from fossil fuelsforelectricity. These are expected to run out, causing severe environmental damage threatening future generations. The total impact of Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） on the economy is significant. Solar cells harness the sun＇s energy to generate electricity in an environmentally friendly manner. This study compares silicon solar cells to flexible Organic Photovoltaic solar cells （OPV） for electricity energy for a micro-business in the UK and Iraq. It shows that it is feasible to replace existing fossil fuel sources with solar cells in Iraq due to a greater amount of solar radiation striking the earth＇s surface. Flexible solar cells can replace a proportion of the energy requirements in the UK and a larger proportion in Iraq. Using existing 20% efficient solar cells, 28% and 83% of the energy requirements of the microbusiness can be replaced in UK and Iraq respectively. Assuming 20% efficiency for solar cells placed on windows, 74% and 220% of the energy requirements of UK and Kurdistan can be replaced respectively and the surplus stored.
文摘The objective of this study is to examine the relationship among financial determinants and systematic risk of cement industry. Five financial variables are utilized as components, i.e. industry size, operating efficiency, liquidity, profitability, and financial leverage in this study. Six years data from 2008 to 2013 have been collected from Karachi Stock Exchange. The consequences of 29 cement industries showed that there is a huge relationship between industry size, operating efficiency, and profitability with 181 systematic risk and results similar to past studies while liquidity and financial leverage have not a significant relationship with beta （systematic risk）. Results are profitable for budgetary approach creators and investors to expand the profits.
文摘Heat storage properties of phase change materials(PCMs) are essential characteristics that perform a key role in thermal heat energy storage systems.The thermal properties of PCMs can be improved by developing metal foam/PCM composites.The addition of metal foam in PCMs has a significant effect on the thermal characteristics of PCMs.In this paper,the heat storage properties of two different metal foam/PCM composites were experimentally examined.The behavior of paraffin in metal foam(copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin composites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2) in three directions simultaneously(x,y,and z) was studied.Paraffin was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foams to develop composite materials which resulted in enhancing the thermal conductivity of the paraffin.A comparative analysis is made on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foams/paraffin composites.Inner temperature distribution during the phase transition process is experimentally evaluated.This comparison indicates that temperature uniformity in copper foam/paraffin composite is better than in iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite and pure paraffin at the same heat flux.Experimental results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2),the heat storage time for copper foam/paraffin composite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite.
文摘Natural pigments are widely utilized as food additives nowadays to impart color or improve the taste of the food products.These pigments are significant food compounds used in the food industry due to their diverse nutritional and functional attributes.Color is the essential part of any food as it affects the consumer acceptability of the products.Recently consumer interest has shifted towards natural pigments as food colorants due to their high safety margins.Food industries prefer the use of natural pigments for foods and drinks owing to the harmful and undesirable effects of artificial pigments.These pigments include betalains-betaxanthin,betacyanin,flavonoids-anthocyanins,carotenoids-lutein,zeaxanthin,β-carotene,and chlorophylls-chlorophyllins,etc.There are some restrictions associated with the use of natural pigments based on the source of the pigment,quantity,and product nature.This review illustrates applications of permitted pigments in diversified food models and highlights their advantages as food ingredients.
