As a new technology of analyzing crude oils, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography cou- pled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry （GCxGC- TOFMS） has received much research attention. Here we present a ca...As a new technology of analyzing crude oils, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography cou- pled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry （GCxGC- TOFMS） has received much research attention. Here we present a case study in the Junggar Basin of NW China. Results show that the hydrocarbons, including saturates and aromatics, were all well-separated without large co- elution, which cannot be realized by conventional one-dimensional GC-MS. The GC×GC technique is especially effective for analyzing aromatics and low-to-middle- molecular-weight hydrocarbons, such as diamondoids. The geochemical characteristics of crude oils in the study area were investigated through geochemical parameters extracted by GC×GC-TOFMS, improving upon the understanding obtained by GC-MS. Thus, the work here represents a new successful application of GC×GC- TOFMS, showing its broad usefulness in petroleum geochemistry.展开更多
The interplay between melatonin and ethylene in the regulation of fruit metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanism of this interplay remain largely unclear.Here,widely targeted metabolomics analysis revealed a ...The interplay between melatonin and ethylene in the regulation of fruit metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanism of this interplay remain largely unclear.Here,widely targeted metabolomics analysis revealed a total of 464 metabolites present in berry skin.Among them,27 significantly differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)were produced in response to melatonin treatment in the presence or absence of 1-MCP.Most of the DAMs were secondary metabolites,including flavonoids,phenolic acids,stilbenes,and flavonols.Additionally,the accumulation of 25 DAMs was regulated by melatonin via ethylene.RNA-seq analysis indicated that melatonin primarily regulated the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction and secondary metabolite biosynthesis via ethylene.Gene-metabolite association analysis showed that melatonin regulated the expression of the VvSTS1,VvF3H,VvLAR2,and VvDFR genes,suggesting that these genes may play key roles in regulating secondary metabolites in the skin;additionally,VvMYB14 and VvACS1 were suggested to be involved in the regulation of secondary metabolites.Further experiments revealed that melatonin induced the expression of VvMYB14 and that VvMYB14 increased ethylene production by transcriptionally activating VvACS1,thereby affecting the accumulation of secondary metabolites.Collectively,melatonin promotes ethylene biosynthesis and alters secondary metabolite accumulation through the regulation of VvACS1 by VvMYB14.展开更多
This work demonstrated that melatonin increases continuously in seeds,particularly seed coats,during berry ripening.Exogenous melatonin treatments significantly increased the proanthocyanidin(PA)content,partially thro...This work demonstrated that melatonin increases continuously in seeds,particularly seed coats,during berry ripening.Exogenous melatonin treatments significantly increased the proanthocyanidin(PA)content,partially through ethylene signaling,in seed coats.VvMYB14 expression exhibited patterns similar to melatonin accumulation over time,which was largely induced by melatonin treatment in seed coats during berry ripening.Additionally,VvMYB14 bound to the MBS element of the VvMYBPA1 promoter to activate expression.VvMYB14 overexpression largely upregulated expression of VvMYBPA1,VvMYBPA2 and VvLAR1 and increased the PA content in grape seed-derived calli.Similar increases in AtTT2 and AtBAN expression and PA content were found in VvMYB14-overexpressing Arabidopsis seeds.It was also observed that VvMYB14 overexpression increased ethylene production and thereby induced expression of VvERF104,which bound to the ERF element of the VvMYBPA2 promoter and activated its expression.Additionally,VvERF104 suppression reduced the VvMYB14 overexpression-induced increases in expression of VvMYBPA2 and VvLAR1 and PA content.Further experiments revealed that melatonin-induced increases in the expression of VvMYBPA1,VvMYBPA2,VvERF104 and VvLAR1 and PA accumulation were significantly reduced in VvMYB14-suppressing grape calli and leaves.Collectively,VvMYB14 mediates melatonin-induced PA biosynthesis by directly transactivating VvMYBPA1 expression and indirectly upregulating VvMYBPA2 expression via VvERF104.展开更多
Leukemia ranks as one of the ten most fatal cancers [1].The mortality and incidence of this disease are associated with multiple factors, including environmental factors,sex, and age. Distinct genetic and chromosomal ...Leukemia ranks as one of the ten most fatal cancers [1].The mortality and incidence of this disease are associated with multiple factors, including environmental factors,sex, and age. Distinct genetic and chromosomal aberrations differentially affect the phenotype and prognosis of individuals with leukemia [2, 3]. The t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation, which is observed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with maturation (AML-M2, according to the French-American-British classification system), is characterized by the fusion of AML1 (acute myeloid leukemia factor 1, also referred to as RUNX1 [runt-related transcription factor 1]) on chromosome 21 and ETO (eight-twenty-one, also referred to as RUNX1T1 [runtrelated transcription factor 1, translocated to 1]) on chromosome 8. Although the t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation is associated with a favorable prognosis, relapse remains the primary cause of treatment failure [4].展开更多
Evaluating the hydrocarbon generation potential of highly mature organic matter is a key and critically challenging area of research in petroleum geochemistry. To explore this issue, we used negative ion electrospray ...Evaluating the hydrocarbon generation potential of highly mature organic matter is a key and critically challenging area of research in petroleum geochemistry. To explore this issue, we used negative ion electrospray ionization-Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry to investigate the molecular evolution of N-containing compounds in Carboniferous-lower Permian source rocks with a range of maturities in the northwestern Junggar Basin, China. The N1compounds formed from on-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites(NCCs), which record the characteristics of the residual soluble organic matter. These components remain in the source rocks after hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and enable evaluation of the hydrocarbon generation potential. The newly defined indexes of molecular evolution, which are the polymerization index P1([DBE 18+DBE 15]/[DBE 12+DBE 9]_N1) and alkylation index R1(RC_(6–35)/RC_(0–5)), combined with the vitrinite reflectance(VR_(o)) and paleo-salinity index(β-carotane/n Cmax), can identify the factors that control the evolution of highly mature organic matter. The main factor for source rocks deposited in a weakly saline environment is the maturity, but for a highly saline environment both the maturity and salinity are key factors. The high salinity inhibits the molecular polymerization of organic matter and extends the oil generation peak. Given the differences in the bio-precursors in saline source rocks, we propose a new model for hydrocarbon generation that can be used to determine the oil generation potential of highly mature organic matter.展开更多
基金funded by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 project,Grant No.2012CB214803)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No. 2016ZX05003-005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41322017 and 41472100)
文摘As a new technology of analyzing crude oils, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography cou- pled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry （GCxGC- TOFMS） has received much research attention. Here we present a case study in the Junggar Basin of NW China. Results show that the hydrocarbons, including saturates and aromatics, were all well-separated without large co- elution, which cannot be realized by conventional one-dimensional GC-MS. The GC×GC technique is especially effective for analyzing aromatics and low-to-middle- molecular-weight hydrocarbons, such as diamondoids. The geochemical characteristics of crude oils in the study area were investigated through geochemical parameters extracted by GC×GC-TOFMS, improving upon the understanding obtained by GC-MS. Thus, the work here represents a new successful application of GC×GC- TOFMS, showing its broad usefulness in petroleum geochemistry.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000200)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2019GNC106149)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872068)the Funds of Shandong“Double Tops”Program(SYL2017YSTD10)Shandong Province Government(SDAIT-06-03).
文摘The interplay between melatonin and ethylene in the regulation of fruit metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanism of this interplay remain largely unclear.Here,widely targeted metabolomics analysis revealed a total of 464 metabolites present in berry skin.Among them,27 significantly differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)were produced in response to melatonin treatment in the presence or absence of 1-MCP.Most of the DAMs were secondary metabolites,including flavonoids,phenolic acids,stilbenes,and flavonols.Additionally,the accumulation of 25 DAMs was regulated by melatonin via ethylene.RNA-seq analysis indicated that melatonin primarily regulated the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction and secondary metabolite biosynthesis via ethylene.Gene-metabolite association analysis showed that melatonin regulated the expression of the VvSTS1,VvF3H,VvLAR2,and VvDFR genes,suggesting that these genes may play key roles in regulating secondary metabolites in the skin;additionally,VvMYB14 and VvACS1 were suggested to be involved in the regulation of secondary metabolites.Further experiments revealed that melatonin induced the expression of VvMYB14 and that VvMYB14 increased ethylene production by transcriptionally activating VvACS1,thereby affecting the accumulation of secondary metabolites.Collectively,melatonin promotes ethylene biosynthesis and alters secondary metabolite accumulation through the regulation of VvACS1 by VvMYB14.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000200)Agriculture Improved Variety Project of Shandong Province(2020LZGC008)+2 种基金Major Project of Science and Technology of Shandong Province(2022CXGC010605)Fruit Industrial Technology System of Shandong Province(SDAIT06-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872068 and 32072537).
文摘This work demonstrated that melatonin increases continuously in seeds,particularly seed coats,during berry ripening.Exogenous melatonin treatments significantly increased the proanthocyanidin(PA)content,partially through ethylene signaling,in seed coats.VvMYB14 expression exhibited patterns similar to melatonin accumulation over time,which was largely induced by melatonin treatment in seed coats during berry ripening.Additionally,VvMYB14 bound to the MBS element of the VvMYBPA1 promoter to activate expression.VvMYB14 overexpression largely upregulated expression of VvMYBPA1,VvMYBPA2 and VvLAR1 and increased the PA content in grape seed-derived calli.Similar increases in AtTT2 and AtBAN expression and PA content were found in VvMYB14-overexpressing Arabidopsis seeds.It was also observed that VvMYB14 overexpression increased ethylene production and thereby induced expression of VvERF104,which bound to the ERF element of the VvMYBPA2 promoter and activated its expression.Additionally,VvERF104 suppression reduced the VvMYB14 overexpression-induced increases in expression of VvMYBPA2 and VvLAR1 and PA content.Further experiments revealed that melatonin-induced increases in the expression of VvMYBPA1,VvMYBPA2,VvERF104 and VvLAR1 and PA accumulation were significantly reduced in VvMYB14-suppressing grape calli and leaves.Collectively,VvMYB14 mediates melatonin-induced PA biosynthesis by directly transactivating VvMYBPA1 expression and indirectly upregulating VvMYBPA2 expression via VvERF104.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11374180)
文摘Leukemia ranks as one of the ten most fatal cancers [1].The mortality and incidence of this disease are associated with multiple factors, including environmental factors,sex, and age. Distinct genetic and chromosomal aberrations differentially affect the phenotype and prognosis of individuals with leukemia [2, 3]. The t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation, which is observed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with maturation (AML-M2, according to the French-American-British classification system), is characterized by the fusion of AML1 (acute myeloid leukemia factor 1, also referred to as RUNX1 [runt-related transcription factor 1]) on chromosome 21 and ETO (eight-twenty-one, also referred to as RUNX1T1 [runtrelated transcription factor 1, translocated to 1]) on chromosome 8. Although the t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation is associated with a favorable prognosis, relapse remains the primary cause of treatment failure [4].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42230808 and 42102148)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M691497)。
文摘Evaluating the hydrocarbon generation potential of highly mature organic matter is a key and critically challenging area of research in petroleum geochemistry. To explore this issue, we used negative ion electrospray ionization-Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry to investigate the molecular evolution of N-containing compounds in Carboniferous-lower Permian source rocks with a range of maturities in the northwestern Junggar Basin, China. The N1compounds formed from on-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites(NCCs), which record the characteristics of the residual soluble organic matter. These components remain in the source rocks after hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and enable evaluation of the hydrocarbon generation potential. The newly defined indexes of molecular evolution, which are the polymerization index P1([DBE 18+DBE 15]/[DBE 12+DBE 9]_N1) and alkylation index R1(RC_(6–35)/RC_(0–5)), combined with the vitrinite reflectance(VR_(o)) and paleo-salinity index(β-carotane/n Cmax), can identify the factors that control the evolution of highly mature organic matter. The main factor for source rocks deposited in a weakly saline environment is the maturity, but for a highly saline environment both the maturity and salinity are key factors. The high salinity inhibits the molecular polymerization of organic matter and extends the oil generation peak. Given the differences in the bio-precursors in saline source rocks, we propose a new model for hydrocarbon generation that can be used to determine the oil generation potential of highly mature organic matter.
