<div style="text-align:justify;"> Background: The growth of adolescents is affected by economic development and education levels. We investigated the first spermatorrhea age of adolescents in urban are...<div style="text-align:justify;"> Background: The growth of adolescents is affected by economic development and education levels. We investigated the first spermatorrhea age of adolescents in urban area and in rural area of Jiangsu province, China. Methods: The data were obtained through anonymous questionnaire by using cross-sectional methods. From May 2016 to March 2017 in Jiangsu province, China, a total of 2131 Han nationality students were enrolled in cluster. The survey was contained date of birth, age, grade, age of first spermatorrhea and how long ago of the first spermatorrhea, all data were analyzed by Prism 8.0. Results: The questionnaire accounted for response was 97.3%, and the effective rate was 96.3%. The mean age of first spermatorrhea was (13.7 ± 1.5) years old, which included 13.6 ± 1.4 years in urban and 13.9 ± 1.5 years in rural. The first spermatorrhea occurred in the fifth and sixth grade primary school, and 1, 2, 3 grades of junior high school were 3.5%, 13%, 27.4%, 28.5% and 15.1%, respectively. There was 62.3% of first spermatorrhea occurred in summer. The rate of spermatorrhea with natural occurrence accounted for 95.1%, and with active accounted for 4.9%. Conclusions: Compared with rural area, the age of the first spermatorrhea of males in urban area is significant earlier. The adolescent’s first spermatozoa were mostly occurred in summer. The relevant physical and reproductive education should be started from the third grade of primary school. The reproductive health education should be carried out when the youth are 7 years old. </div>展开更多
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two methods in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with cabergoline and coasting. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (R...Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two methods in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with cabergoline and coasting. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Patients: Women were considered as have risk of OHSS undergoing fertility treatment. Interventions: Cabergoline, coasting. Result: There were included five RCT studies. The clinical pregnancy rate was no significantly difference between two groups (RR 1.22, 95% CI [0.86, 1.71]), implantation rate (RR 1.00, 95% CI [0.75, 1.32]), severe OHSS (RR 0.93, 95% CI [0.38, 2.31]), fertilization rate (SMD 0.70, 95% CI [-0.10, 1.50]), number of oocytes retrieved (SMD 0.80, 95% CI [0.30, 1.30]), number of embryo transfer (SMD-0.04, 95% CI [-0.24, 0.17]), E2 value on the day of HCG injection (SMD 0.21, 95% CI [-0.25, 0.68]), number of MII oocytes (SMD 0.71, 95% CI [0.32, 1.11]), abortion rate (RR 0.61, 95% CI [0.21, 1.83]), number of follicles > 17 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.01, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.24]), number of follicles 15 - 17 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.08, 95% CI [-0.33, 0.17]), number of follicles 10 - 14 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.06, 95% CI [-0.31, 0.19]). Conclusion: Both cabergoline and coasting prevent the occurrence of OHSS, but no statistically significant difference between them. Compared with coasting group, a daily dose of 0.5 mg cabergoline significantly increased the number of oocytes retrieved, MII oocytes, and fertilization rate, but decreased the abortion rate.展开更多
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> Background: The growth of adolescents is affected by economic development and education levels. We investigated the first spermatorrhea age of adolescents in urban area and in rural area of Jiangsu province, China. Methods: The data were obtained through anonymous questionnaire by using cross-sectional methods. From May 2016 to March 2017 in Jiangsu province, China, a total of 2131 Han nationality students were enrolled in cluster. The survey was contained date of birth, age, grade, age of first spermatorrhea and how long ago of the first spermatorrhea, all data were analyzed by Prism 8.0. Results: The questionnaire accounted for response was 97.3%, and the effective rate was 96.3%. The mean age of first spermatorrhea was (13.7 ± 1.5) years old, which included 13.6 ± 1.4 years in urban and 13.9 ± 1.5 years in rural. The first spermatorrhea occurred in the fifth and sixth grade primary school, and 1, 2, 3 grades of junior high school were 3.5%, 13%, 27.4%, 28.5% and 15.1%, respectively. There was 62.3% of first spermatorrhea occurred in summer. The rate of spermatorrhea with natural occurrence accounted for 95.1%, and with active accounted for 4.9%. Conclusions: Compared with rural area, the age of the first spermatorrhea of males in urban area is significant earlier. The adolescent’s first spermatozoa were mostly occurred in summer. The relevant physical and reproductive education should be started from the third grade of primary school. The reproductive health education should be carried out when the youth are 7 years old. </div>
文摘Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two methods in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with cabergoline and coasting. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Patients: Women were considered as have risk of OHSS undergoing fertility treatment. Interventions: Cabergoline, coasting. Result: There were included five RCT studies. The clinical pregnancy rate was no significantly difference between two groups (RR 1.22, 95% CI [0.86, 1.71]), implantation rate (RR 1.00, 95% CI [0.75, 1.32]), severe OHSS (RR 0.93, 95% CI [0.38, 2.31]), fertilization rate (SMD 0.70, 95% CI [-0.10, 1.50]), number of oocytes retrieved (SMD 0.80, 95% CI [0.30, 1.30]), number of embryo transfer (SMD-0.04, 95% CI [-0.24, 0.17]), E2 value on the day of HCG injection (SMD 0.21, 95% CI [-0.25, 0.68]), number of MII oocytes (SMD 0.71, 95% CI [0.32, 1.11]), abortion rate (RR 0.61, 95% CI [0.21, 1.83]), number of follicles > 17 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.01, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.24]), number of follicles 15 - 17 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.08, 95% CI [-0.33, 0.17]), number of follicles 10 - 14 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.06, 95% CI [-0.31, 0.19]). Conclusion: Both cabergoline and coasting prevent the occurrence of OHSS, but no statistically significant difference between them. Compared with coasting group, a daily dose of 0.5 mg cabergoline significantly increased the number of oocytes retrieved, MII oocytes, and fertilization rate, but decreased the abortion rate.
