BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is an emerging virus of global health concern.The seroprevalence rates differ greatly according to geographic region and population group.AIM To analyze the seroprevalence of HEV in ex...BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is an emerging virus of global health concern.The seroprevalence rates differ greatly according to geographic region and population group.AIM To analyze the seroprevalence of HEV in exposed(animal-related professions)and nonexposed populations,as well as solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.METHODS Forestry workers(n=93),hunters(n=74),and veterinarians(n=151)represented the exposed population.The general population(n=126)and pregnant women(n=118)constituted the control group.Transplant patients included liver transplant recipients(LTRs)(n=83),kidney transplant recipients(KTRs)(n=43),and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients(HSCRs)(n=39).HEV immunoglobulin G antibodies were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by the immunoblot test.RESULTS The HEV seroprevalence significantly differed between groups:Veterinarians 15.2%,hunters 14.9%,forestry workers 6.5%,general population 7.1%,and pregnant women 1.7%.In transplant patients,the seropositivity was highest in LTRs(19.3%),while in KTRs and HSCRs,the seroprevalence was similar to the general population(6.9%and 5.1%,respectively).A significant increase in seropositivity with age was observed from 2.9%in individuals less than 30 years to 23.5%in those older than 60 years.Sociodemographic characteristics(sex,educational level,area of residence,and number of household members),eating habits(game meat,offal,and pork products consumption),and environmental and housing conditions(drinking water supply,type of water drainage/sewer,waste disposal,domestic animals)were not associated with HEV seropositivity.However,individuals who reported a pet ownership were more often seropositive compared to those who did not have pet animals(12.5%vs 7.0%).CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that individuals in professional contact with animals and LTRs are at higher risk for HEV infection.In addition,age is a significant risk factor for HEV seropositivity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus(LCMV)is a neglected rodent-borne arenavirus associated with transplacental transmission and fetal infection.AIM To summarize the epidemiological,clinical,and diagnostic fe...BACKGROUND Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus(LCMV)is a neglected rodent-borne arenavirus associated with transplacental transmission and fetal infection.AIM To summarize the epidemiological,clinical,and diagnostic features of reported patients with congenital LCMV infection.METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed,Medline,Google Scholar,and ResearchGate.The keywords used were‘congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus,’and 48 studies were included.In addition,we conducted a relevant search by Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)(https://www.referencecitationan alysis.com).RESULTS The results have shown 27 reports of congenital LCMV infection in 86 patients,with 52.73%of them being males.Patients presented with chorioretinitis(83.53%),hydrocephalus(54.12%),and psychomotor retardation or developmental delay(54.12%).Computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging most often demonstrated ventriculomegaly(74.07%),periventricular calcifications(66.67%),and microcephaly(40%).Most mothers of congenitally infected infants were exposed to rodents during pregnancy,predominantly mice,with flu-like symptoms mainly occurring during the first two trimesters of gestation.Mortality in congenitally infected children was 16.47%.The diagnosis of congenital LCMV infection was confirmed serologically in most patients(86.67%).CONCLUSION LCMV is still an insufficiently recognized fetal teratogen that often leads to long-term neurologic sequelae.Clinicians need to be familiar with LCMV and its potential teratogenic effect and as well as to effectively differentiate LCMV from other TORCH(T:Toxoplasma gondii,O:Other pathogens,R:Rubella virus,C:Cytomegalovirus,H:Herpes simplex virus)pathogens.展开更多
基金the Croatian Science Foundation(Emerging and Neglected Hepatotropic Viruses after Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation to Mrzljak A),No.IP-2020-02-7407.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is an emerging virus of global health concern.The seroprevalence rates differ greatly according to geographic region and population group.AIM To analyze the seroprevalence of HEV in exposed(animal-related professions)and nonexposed populations,as well as solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.METHODS Forestry workers(n=93),hunters(n=74),and veterinarians(n=151)represented the exposed population.The general population(n=126)and pregnant women(n=118)constituted the control group.Transplant patients included liver transplant recipients(LTRs)(n=83),kidney transplant recipients(KTRs)(n=43),and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients(HSCRs)(n=39).HEV immunoglobulin G antibodies were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by the immunoblot test.RESULTS The HEV seroprevalence significantly differed between groups:Veterinarians 15.2%,hunters 14.9%,forestry workers 6.5%,general population 7.1%,and pregnant women 1.7%.In transplant patients,the seropositivity was highest in LTRs(19.3%),while in KTRs and HSCRs,the seroprevalence was similar to the general population(6.9%and 5.1%,respectively).A significant increase in seropositivity with age was observed from 2.9%in individuals less than 30 years to 23.5%in those older than 60 years.Sociodemographic characteristics(sex,educational level,area of residence,and number of household members),eating habits(game meat,offal,and pork products consumption),and environmental and housing conditions(drinking water supply,type of water drainage/sewer,waste disposal,domestic animals)were not associated with HEV seropositivity.However,individuals who reported a pet ownership were more often seropositive compared to those who did not have pet animals(12.5%vs 7.0%).CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that individuals in professional contact with animals and LTRs are at higher risk for HEV infection.In addition,age is a significant risk factor for HEV seropositivity.
文摘BACKGROUND Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus(LCMV)is a neglected rodent-borne arenavirus associated with transplacental transmission and fetal infection.AIM To summarize the epidemiological,clinical,and diagnostic features of reported patients with congenital LCMV infection.METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed,Medline,Google Scholar,and ResearchGate.The keywords used were‘congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus,’and 48 studies were included.In addition,we conducted a relevant search by Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)(https://www.referencecitationan alysis.com).RESULTS The results have shown 27 reports of congenital LCMV infection in 86 patients,with 52.73%of them being males.Patients presented with chorioretinitis(83.53%),hydrocephalus(54.12%),and psychomotor retardation or developmental delay(54.12%).Computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging most often demonstrated ventriculomegaly(74.07%),periventricular calcifications(66.67%),and microcephaly(40%).Most mothers of congenitally infected infants were exposed to rodents during pregnancy,predominantly mice,with flu-like symptoms mainly occurring during the first two trimesters of gestation.Mortality in congenitally infected children was 16.47%.The diagnosis of congenital LCMV infection was confirmed serologically in most patients(86.67%).CONCLUSION LCMV is still an insufficiently recognized fetal teratogen that often leads to long-term neurologic sequelae.Clinicians need to be familiar with LCMV and its potential teratogenic effect and as well as to effectively differentiate LCMV from other TORCH(T:Toxoplasma gondii,O:Other pathogens,R:Rubella virus,C:Cytomegalovirus,H:Herpes simplex virus)pathogens.
