The Endengue Banded Iron Formation (BIF) is located in the northwestern edge of the Congo craton in Cameroon. Here<span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verda...The Endengue Banded Iron Formation (BIF) is located in the northwestern edge of the Congo craton in Cameroon. Here<span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> we report geochemical data of trace and rare earth elements (REE) of the Endengue BIF samples from the Archean Ntem complex and investigate their environmental setting. Two types of BIF occur at Endengue area, both containing minimal contamination from terrestrial material. Total REE (</span><span style="line-height:99%;font-family:Verdana;">Σ</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">REE) contents in the Type 1 BIF are extremely low, ranging from 0.34 to 1.83 ppm, similarly to pure chemical sediments while Type 2 BIF displays</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="line-height:99%;font-family:Verdana;">Σ</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">REE contents ranging from 2.98 to 24.26 ppm. The PAAS-normalized REE</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Y patterns of the two BIF types display LREE enrichment relative to HREE and weak positive Eu anomaly, most likely suggesting that the source of iron and siliceous of the Endengue BIFs is mainly from the contribution of low-temperature hydrothermal alteration of the crust. Type 1 BIF shows very low Nd content (<1 ppm) with positive correlation between Nd and Ce/Ce</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and positive Ce anomalies which suggests suboxic or anoxic seawater similar to the depositional environment of Elom BIF in Archean Ntem complex. In contrast, Type 2 BIF displays low to moderate Nd contents (1 and 100 ppm with the exception of sample LBR65) with negative correlation between Nd and Ce/Ce</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and negative Ce anomalies. These features indicate precipatation of Type 2 BIF from oxic iron-rich solution that changed to oxidized surface by rapid precipitation of the hydrothermal Fe. The Endengue BIFs were deposited in the continental margin ocean in presence of low-temperature hydrothermal fluids mixed with seawater, similar to Paleoproterozoic Kpwa</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Atog Boga BIFs within the Nyong group and other Paleoproterozoic Superior</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">type BIFs worldwide.</span>展开更多
In Cameroon, the Ngazi-Tina region belongs to the Adamawa-Yade domain of the Pan-African Central African Fold Belt (CAFB). It is composed of two petrographic types: quartz-monzonites (majority) and nepheline syenites....In Cameroon, the Ngazi-Tina region belongs to the Adamawa-Yade domain of the Pan-African Central African Fold Belt (CAFB). It is composed of two petrographic types: quartz-monzonites (majority) and nepheline syenites. Two morphological types, prismatic and pyramidal, were recognized in the zircon grains samples. These zircon types display internal structure</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> typical of magmatic zircons. Zircons separated from the Ngazi-Tina samples contain higher abundances of Hf (close to 8000 ppm) and moderate trace elements (Y, Th, U, Nb, Ta) and REE contents, suggesting a variable degree of magmatic evolution. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of zircons are characterized by LREE depletion relative to HREE with positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies, typical of magmatic zircons. The high Hf content together with high Ce/Ce*, Th/U, Zr/Hf ratios suggest magma crystallization under variable oxidation and oxygen fugacity. The application of Ti-in-zircon thermometer reveals crystallization temperatures ranging from 678</span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C to 811</span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C and 658</span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C to 768</span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C for quartz monzonites and nepheline syenites respectively. These features indicate probably a partial melting of continental crust as the source of these zircons grains and emplacement in</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> magmatic-arc setting.展开更多
Serpentinized rocks closely associated with Paleoproterozoic eclogitic metabasites were recently discovered at Eseka area in the northwestern edge of the Congo craton in southern Cameroon.Here,we present new field dat...Serpentinized rocks closely associated with Paleoproterozoic eclogitic metabasites were recently discovered at Eseka area in the northwestern edge of the Congo craton in southern Cameroon.Here,we present new field data,petrography,and first comprehensible wholerock geochemistry data and discuss the protolith and tectonic significance of these serpentinites in the region.The studied rock samples are characterized by pseudomorphic textures,including mesh microstructure formed by serpentine intergrowths with cores of olivine,bastites after pyroxene.Antigorite constitutes almost the whole bulk of the rocks and is associated(to the less amount)with tremolite,talc,spinel,and magnetite.Whole-rock chemistry of the Eseka serpentinites led to the distinction of two types.Type 1 has high MgO(>40 wt%)content and high Mg#values(88.80)whereas Type 2 serpentinite samples display relatively low MgO concentration and Mg#values(<40 and 82.88 wt%,respectively).Both types have low Al/Si and high Mg/Si ratios than the primitive mantle,reflecting a refractory abyssal mantle peridotite protolith.Partial melting modeling indicates that these rocks were derived from melting of spinel peridotite before serpentinization.Bulk rock high-Ti content is similar to the values of subducted serpentinites(>50 ppm).This similarity,associated with the high Cr contents,spinel-peridotite protolith compositions and Mg/Si and Al/Si ratios imply that the studied serpentinites were formed in a subductionrelated environment.The U-shaped chondrite normalizedREE patterns of serpentinized peridotites,coupled with similar enrichments in LREE and HFSE,suggest the refertilized nature due to melt/rock interaction prior to serpentinization.Based on the results,we suggest that the Eseka serpentinized peridotites are mantle residues that suffered a high degree of partial melting in a subductionrelated environment,especially in Supra Subduction Zone setting.These new findings suggest that the Nyong series in Cameroon represents an uncontested Paleoproterozoic suture zone between the Congo craton and the Sao Francisco craton in Brazil.展开更多
The discovery of the Gouap banded iron formations(BIFs)-hosted iron mineralization in the northwestern of the Nyong Group(Ntem Complex)in southwestern Cameroon provides unique insights into the geology of this region....The discovery of the Gouap banded iron formations(BIFs)-hosted iron mineralization in the northwestern of the Nyong Group(Ntem Complex)in southwestern Cameroon provides unique insights into the geology of this region.In this contribution,we firstly report detailed study of geochemistry,isotopic and geochronology of well preserved samples of the Gouap BIFs collected from diamond drillcores.The Gouap BIFs consist mainly of amphibole BIFs and amphibole-pyrite BIFs characterized by dominant Fe_(2)O_(3)+SiO_(2)contents and variable contents of CaO,MgO and SO_(3),consistent with the presence of amphibole,chlorite,epidote and pyrite,formed during amphibolite facies metamorphism and overprinted hydrothermal event.The amphibole–pyrite BIFs are typically enriched in trace and rare earth elements(REE)compared to the amphibole BIFs,suggesting the influence of detrital materials as well as secondary hydrothermal alteration.The Post Archean Australian Shale(PAAS)-normalized REE–Y profiles of the Gouap BIFs display positive La,Eu anomalies,weak negative Ce anomalies,indicating a mixture of low-temperature hydrothermal fluids and relatively oxic conditions probably under relative shallow seawater.We present here the first isotopic data of BIFs within the Ntem Complex.Theδ^(30)Si_(NBS28)values of the quartz from the Gouap BIFs vary from-1.5‰to-0.3‰and from-0.8‰to-0.9‰for the amphibole BIFs and amphibole–pyrite BIFs,respectively.The quartz hasδ^(18)OV-SMOW values of 6.8‰–9.5‰(amphibole BIFs)and 9.2‰–10.6‰(amphibole–pyrite BIFs).The magnetite from the Gouap BIFs showsδ^(18)O values ranging from-3.5‰to-1.8‰and from-3‰to-1.7‰for the amphibole BIFs and amphibole–pyrite BIFs,respectively.Moreover,the pyrite grains in the amphibole–pyrite BIFs displayδ34S values of 1.1‰–1.8‰.All isotopic data of the Gouap BIFs confirm that they might have precipitated from low-temperature hydrothermal fluids with detrital input distant from the volcanic activity.According to their geochemical and isotopic characteristics,we propose that the Gouap BIFs belong to the Superior type.In situ U–Pb zircon dating of BIFs was conducted to assess the BIF depositional age based on strong evidence of zircon in thin section.The Gouap BIFs were probably deposited at 2422±50 Ma in a region where sediments extended from continental shelf to deep-water environments along craton margins like the Caue Formation of the Minas Supergroup,Brazil.The studied BIFs have experienced regional hydrothermal activity and metamorphism at 2089±8.3 Ma during the Eburnean–Transamazonian orogeny.These findings suggest a physical continuity between the protocratonic masses of both Sao Francisco and Congo continents in the Rhyacian Period.展开更多
Two petrochemical types of doleritic dykes have been distinguished in Bafoussam area: 1) the olivine-bearing dolerites which are the most representative are dark green, showing characteristics of alkaline basalts and,...Two petrochemical types of doleritic dykes have been distinguished in Bafoussam area: 1) the olivine-bearing dolerites which are the most representative are dark green, showing characteristics of alkaline basalts and, 2) the calcite-bearing dolerites are grayish green, showing characteristics of tholeiitic basalts. The studied dolerites are less differentiated (1 FeOt/MgO 2);they present the evolution of a subalkaline magma following a calc-alkaline series (alkaline dolerites) and the tholeiitic series (tholeitiic dolerite). The chondrite normalized multielement spider diagrams of all the dolerites show a pronounced depletion in Ba, Th, and enrichment in Rb. Their geotectonic context is inferred to be intraplate and the contrast between the two types is probably due to a diverse source: crustal source for calcite-bearing dolerites and mantle source for olivine-bearing dolerites.展开更多
Metavolcanic rocks are well-exposed in the Kribi area within the Nyong Group, Congo craton, but their origin, age, and tectonic significance are poorly known.Here we report integrated field mapping and petrography,geo...Metavolcanic rocks are well-exposed in the Kribi area within the Nyong Group, Congo craton, but their origin, age, and tectonic significance are poorly known.Here we report integrated field mapping and petrography,geochemistry, and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of these metavolcanic rocks to constrain their petrogenesis and geodynamic implications. The studied rocks consist of mafic granulite, garnet-amphibole gneiss, and garnet-biotite gneiss, and occur interbanded with sharp contact and intruded by syenite dyke. These metavolcanic rocks are classified as MORB-like tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalts,basaltic andesite, and rhyodacite rocks with within-plate setting geochemical signatures. The metabasite rocks(basalt to basaltic andesite protolith) are likely the equivalent of a spinel peridotite product representing ~ 2–5 %partial melting of metasomatized mantle source, while the metarhyodacite rocks are derived from the fractional crystallization of the same parental magma. Zircon U-Pb data revealed that the rhyodacite rocks initially formed at2671 ± 51 Ma and underwent later metamorphism at2065 ± 55 Ma. The Neoarchean protolith age is comparable to the ca. 2628 Ma tholeiitic magmatism and ca.2666 Ma high-K granites, suggesting bimodal Neoarchean magmatic event within the Ntem Complex, while the metamorphic ages fall within the ca. 2100–2000 Ma highgrade tectono-metamorphic event attributed to Eburnean/Trans-Amazonian orogeny. At the regional scale,metavolcanic rocks with similar origins and ages are documented in the Sa o Francisco Craton in Brazil, suggesting comparable geodynamic evolution on both sides of the south Atlantic during the Paleoproterozoic.展开更多
This paper investigates the geochemistry of bulk rock and infers the petrogenesis of ultramafic rocks in the Boali Precambrian terrane in Mbi Valley,in the North of the Central African Republic(CAR).The studied rocks ...This paper investigates the geochemistry of bulk rock and infers the petrogenesis of ultramafic rocks in the Boali Precambrian terrane in Mbi Valley,in the North of the Central African Republic(CAR).The studied rocks comprise coarse primary olivine and orthopyroxene relics(dominant phase),magnesio-hornblende,magnetite,and antigorite.Whole-rock analysis indicates low SiO_(2)(average of 43.14 wt%)and high MgO(19.84–26.98 wt%)contents and their Mg number(Mg#)ranges from 74 to 82.TheydisplayhighNi(526–865 ppm),Cr(1500–3680 ppm)contents.AFM(Na_(2)O-K_(2)O)-FeO-MgO)and ACM(Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-MgO)ternary diagrams have revealed that the studied samples correspond to arc-related ultramafic cumulates.Chondrite-normalized REE plots display an increasing trend from La to Sm(CeN/SmN:0.74–1.81),weak negative to no Eu(Eu/Eu*=0.72–1.05)and strong negative Ce(Ce/Ce*=0.33–0.98)anomalies.Primitive mantle normalized of multi-element diagrams exhibit LREE enrichment and large ion lithophile elements(LILE)relative to high field strength elements(HFSE),and notable negative anomalies in Nb.This suggests the generation of the parent melt by slab dehydration and wedge melting processes.In addition,incompatible trace element composition and ratios assumed that the source magma had an enhanced mantle source associated with a prominent influence of continental crust.Metasomatism of mantle wedge by plate-dehydrated,LILE-rich fluids and the incorporation of sediments derived from subduction explain the enhancement of the source.Integrated major and trace element compositions jointly with the tectonic reconstruction of this region and LA-ICP-MS U–Pb data on zircon constrain the emplacement age at ca.2099 Ma in a continental margin arc setting involving subduction of an oceanic plate beneath the continental lithosphere,dehydration of the slab and mantle wedge melting.This result intimate that the remnants of Paleoproterozoic oceanic crust or subduction event and subsequent basins closure extended from the Congo craton in Cameroon to CAR and NE Brazil.展开更多
In this contribution,detailed field descriptions together with petrographic and bulk-rock major,trace and rare earth elements(REE)data are used to constrain the origin and geodynamic setting of the mafic magmatic encl...In this contribution,detailed field descriptions together with petrographic and bulk-rock major,trace and rare earth elements(REE)data are used to constrain the origin and geodynamic setting of the mafic magmatic enclaves(MMEs)recently discovered within the Pan-African Ngaoundal pluton,Adamawa area,central Cameroon.The investigated MMEs are dark-colored with chilled margins,and display medium to coarse-grain igneous textures.The mineral assemblage is either dominated by K-feldspar and carbonate(group Ⅰ),or by amphibole and plagioclase(group Ⅱ),though the overall mineral phases made of amphibole,plagioclase,K-feldspar,and biotite are similar to that of their host syenite but in different proportions.The MMEs in Ngaoundal area are foid-gabbro in composition with SiO_(2) contents ranging between 41.52% and 43.74% and are contiguous with their host granitoids of intermediate composition(SiO_(2)=57.52% to 58.98%).The host granitoid rocks are metaluminous,and belong to the shoshonitic series.Petrographic and geochemical data have revealed that the Ngaoundal MMEs derived from rapid cooling of hot injected lithospheric mantle-derived magma within cooler host granitoids magma and were emplaced in the intraplate geodynamic setting.展开更多
The Bipindi iron ore district is located in the central section of the Nyong Complex at the northwestern margin of the Congo Craton in Southwest Cameroon.This iron district contains numerous iron mineralization hosted...The Bipindi iron ore district is located in the central section of the Nyong Complex at the northwestern margin of the Congo Craton in Southwest Cameroon.This iron district contains numerous iron mineralization hosted by the Mewongo,Bibole,Kouambo,and Zambi banded iron formations(BIFs).These BIFs contain magnetite as the main iron ore mineral associated with pyrite,and gangue minerals are quartz with minor chlorite and amphibole.The origin of iron ore from these BIFs was investigated using a combination of in-situ magnetite and whole-rock chemistry.The studied BIF ore samples have a narrow range of TFe between 30.90 wt.%and 43.20 wt.%,indicating a low-grade ore.The geochemical signatures of magnetite such as low contents of base metals(e.g.,Cu,Co,V,and Zn)and low Co/Zn ratios<0.85 indicate a hydrothermal origin.Combined with the geochemical features of these BIFs,e.g.,high Fe/Ti and Fe/Al ratios(mean>600 and>75,respectively),we suggest that magnetite was derived from a mixture of seawater and~0.1%low-temperature hydrothermal fluids in an oxidizing environment.Collectively,low-temperature hydrothermal and later metamorphic fluids were necessary for the transformation of the protolith Nyong Complex BIFs to iron ore.展开更多
文摘The Endengue Banded Iron Formation (BIF) is located in the northwestern edge of the Congo craton in Cameroon. Here<span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> we report geochemical data of trace and rare earth elements (REE) of the Endengue BIF samples from the Archean Ntem complex and investigate their environmental setting. Two types of BIF occur at Endengue area, both containing minimal contamination from terrestrial material. Total REE (</span><span style="line-height:99%;font-family:Verdana;">Σ</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">REE) contents in the Type 1 BIF are extremely low, ranging from 0.34 to 1.83 ppm, similarly to pure chemical sediments while Type 2 BIF displays</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="line-height:99%;font-family:Verdana;">Σ</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">REE contents ranging from 2.98 to 24.26 ppm. The PAAS-normalized REE</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Y patterns of the two BIF types display LREE enrichment relative to HREE and weak positive Eu anomaly, most likely suggesting that the source of iron and siliceous of the Endengue BIFs is mainly from the contribution of low-temperature hydrothermal alteration of the crust. Type 1 BIF shows very low Nd content (<1 ppm) with positive correlation between Nd and Ce/Ce</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and positive Ce anomalies which suggests suboxic or anoxic seawater similar to the depositional environment of Elom BIF in Archean Ntem complex. In contrast, Type 2 BIF displays low to moderate Nd contents (1 and 100 ppm with the exception of sample LBR65) with negative correlation between Nd and Ce/Ce</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and negative Ce anomalies. These features indicate precipatation of Type 2 BIF from oxic iron-rich solution that changed to oxidized surface by rapid precipitation of the hydrothermal Fe. The Endengue BIFs were deposited in the continental margin ocean in presence of low-temperature hydrothermal fluids mixed with seawater, similar to Paleoproterozoic Kpwa</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Atog Boga BIFs within the Nyong group and other Paleoproterozoic Superior</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">type BIFs worldwide.</span>
文摘In Cameroon, the Ngazi-Tina region belongs to the Adamawa-Yade domain of the Pan-African Central African Fold Belt (CAFB). It is composed of two petrographic types: quartz-monzonites (majority) and nepheline syenites. Two morphological types, prismatic and pyramidal, were recognized in the zircon grains samples. These zircon types display internal structure</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> typical of magmatic zircons. Zircons separated from the Ngazi-Tina samples contain higher abundances of Hf (close to 8000 ppm) and moderate trace elements (Y, Th, U, Nb, Ta) and REE contents, suggesting a variable degree of magmatic evolution. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of zircons are characterized by LREE depletion relative to HREE with positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies, typical of magmatic zircons. The high Hf content together with high Ce/Ce*, Th/U, Zr/Hf ratios suggest magma crystallization under variable oxidation and oxygen fugacity. The application of Ti-in-zircon thermometer reveals crystallization temperatures ranging from 678</span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C to 811</span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C and 658</span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C to 768</span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C for quartz monzonites and nepheline syenites respectively. These features indicate probably a partial melting of continental crust as the source of these zircons grains and emplacement in</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> magmatic-arc setting.
文摘Serpentinized rocks closely associated with Paleoproterozoic eclogitic metabasites were recently discovered at Eseka area in the northwestern edge of the Congo craton in southern Cameroon.Here,we present new field data,petrography,and first comprehensible wholerock geochemistry data and discuss the protolith and tectonic significance of these serpentinites in the region.The studied rock samples are characterized by pseudomorphic textures,including mesh microstructure formed by serpentine intergrowths with cores of olivine,bastites after pyroxene.Antigorite constitutes almost the whole bulk of the rocks and is associated(to the less amount)with tremolite,talc,spinel,and magnetite.Whole-rock chemistry of the Eseka serpentinites led to the distinction of two types.Type 1 has high MgO(>40 wt%)content and high Mg#values(88.80)whereas Type 2 serpentinite samples display relatively low MgO concentration and Mg#values(<40 and 82.88 wt%,respectively).Both types have low Al/Si and high Mg/Si ratios than the primitive mantle,reflecting a refractory abyssal mantle peridotite protolith.Partial melting modeling indicates that these rocks were derived from melting of spinel peridotite before serpentinization.Bulk rock high-Ti content is similar to the values of subducted serpentinites(>50 ppm).This similarity,associated with the high Cr contents,spinel-peridotite protolith compositions and Mg/Si and Al/Si ratios imply that the studied serpentinites were formed in a subductionrelated environment.The U-shaped chondrite normalizedREE patterns of serpentinized peridotites,coupled with similar enrichments in LREE and HFSE,suggest the refertilized nature due to melt/rock interaction prior to serpentinization.Based on the results,we suggest that the Eseka serpentinized peridotites are mantle residues that suffered a high degree of partial melting in a subductionrelated environment,especially in Supra Subduction Zone setting.These new findings suggest that the Nyong series in Cameroon represents an uncontested Paleoproterozoic suture zone between the Congo craton and the Sao Francisco craton in Brazil.
基金the“Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese Central Universities”(Grant No.2017CXNL03)the Chinese Scholarship Council(Grant No.2015120T19).
文摘The discovery of the Gouap banded iron formations(BIFs)-hosted iron mineralization in the northwestern of the Nyong Group(Ntem Complex)in southwestern Cameroon provides unique insights into the geology of this region.In this contribution,we firstly report detailed study of geochemistry,isotopic and geochronology of well preserved samples of the Gouap BIFs collected from diamond drillcores.The Gouap BIFs consist mainly of amphibole BIFs and amphibole-pyrite BIFs characterized by dominant Fe_(2)O_(3)+SiO_(2)contents and variable contents of CaO,MgO and SO_(3),consistent with the presence of amphibole,chlorite,epidote and pyrite,formed during amphibolite facies metamorphism and overprinted hydrothermal event.The amphibole–pyrite BIFs are typically enriched in trace and rare earth elements(REE)compared to the amphibole BIFs,suggesting the influence of detrital materials as well as secondary hydrothermal alteration.The Post Archean Australian Shale(PAAS)-normalized REE–Y profiles of the Gouap BIFs display positive La,Eu anomalies,weak negative Ce anomalies,indicating a mixture of low-temperature hydrothermal fluids and relatively oxic conditions probably under relative shallow seawater.We present here the first isotopic data of BIFs within the Ntem Complex.Theδ^(30)Si_(NBS28)values of the quartz from the Gouap BIFs vary from-1.5‰to-0.3‰and from-0.8‰to-0.9‰for the amphibole BIFs and amphibole–pyrite BIFs,respectively.The quartz hasδ^(18)OV-SMOW values of 6.8‰–9.5‰(amphibole BIFs)and 9.2‰–10.6‰(amphibole–pyrite BIFs).The magnetite from the Gouap BIFs showsδ^(18)O values ranging from-3.5‰to-1.8‰and from-3‰to-1.7‰for the amphibole BIFs and amphibole–pyrite BIFs,respectively.Moreover,the pyrite grains in the amphibole–pyrite BIFs displayδ34S values of 1.1‰–1.8‰.All isotopic data of the Gouap BIFs confirm that they might have precipitated from low-temperature hydrothermal fluids with detrital input distant from the volcanic activity.According to their geochemical and isotopic characteristics,we propose that the Gouap BIFs belong to the Superior type.In situ U–Pb zircon dating of BIFs was conducted to assess the BIF depositional age based on strong evidence of zircon in thin section.The Gouap BIFs were probably deposited at 2422±50 Ma in a region where sediments extended from continental shelf to deep-water environments along craton margins like the Caue Formation of the Minas Supergroup,Brazil.The studied BIFs have experienced regional hydrothermal activity and metamorphism at 2089±8.3 Ma during the Eburnean–Transamazonian orogeny.These findings suggest a physical continuity between the protocratonic masses of both Sao Francisco and Congo continents in the Rhyacian Period.
文摘Two petrochemical types of doleritic dykes have been distinguished in Bafoussam area: 1) the olivine-bearing dolerites which are the most representative are dark green, showing characteristics of alkaline basalts and, 2) the calcite-bearing dolerites are grayish green, showing characteristics of tholeiitic basalts. The studied dolerites are less differentiated (1 FeOt/MgO 2);they present the evolution of a subalkaline magma following a calc-alkaline series (alkaline dolerites) and the tholeiitic series (tholeitiic dolerite). The chondrite normalized multielement spider diagrams of all the dolerites show a pronounced depletion in Ba, Th, and enrichment in Rb. Their geotectonic context is inferred to be intraplate and the contrast between the two types is probably due to a diverse source: crustal source for calcite-bearing dolerites and mantle source for olivine-bearing dolerites.
文摘Metavolcanic rocks are well-exposed in the Kribi area within the Nyong Group, Congo craton, but their origin, age, and tectonic significance are poorly known.Here we report integrated field mapping and petrography,geochemistry, and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of these metavolcanic rocks to constrain their petrogenesis and geodynamic implications. The studied rocks consist of mafic granulite, garnet-amphibole gneiss, and garnet-biotite gneiss, and occur interbanded with sharp contact and intruded by syenite dyke. These metavolcanic rocks are classified as MORB-like tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalts,basaltic andesite, and rhyodacite rocks with within-plate setting geochemical signatures. The metabasite rocks(basalt to basaltic andesite protolith) are likely the equivalent of a spinel peridotite product representing ~ 2–5 %partial melting of metasomatized mantle source, while the metarhyodacite rocks are derived from the fractional crystallization of the same parental magma. Zircon U-Pb data revealed that the rhyodacite rocks initially formed at2671 ± 51 Ma and underwent later metamorphism at2065 ± 55 Ma. The Neoarchean protolith age is comparable to the ca. 2628 Ma tholeiitic magmatism and ca.2666 Ma high-K granites, suggesting bimodal Neoarchean magmatic event within the Ntem Complex, while the metamorphic ages fall within the ca. 2100–2000 Ma highgrade tectono-metamorphic event attributed to Eburnean/Trans-Amazonian orogeny. At the regional scale,metavolcanic rocks with similar origins and ages are documented in the Sa o Francisco Craton in Brazil, suggesting comparable geodynamic evolution on both sides of the south Atlantic during the Paleoproterozoic.
基金financial support of SCAC (Service de la Coopération et d’Action Culturelle) Bangui。
文摘This paper investigates the geochemistry of bulk rock and infers the petrogenesis of ultramafic rocks in the Boali Precambrian terrane in Mbi Valley,in the North of the Central African Republic(CAR).The studied rocks comprise coarse primary olivine and orthopyroxene relics(dominant phase),magnesio-hornblende,magnetite,and antigorite.Whole-rock analysis indicates low SiO_(2)(average of 43.14 wt%)and high MgO(19.84–26.98 wt%)contents and their Mg number(Mg#)ranges from 74 to 82.TheydisplayhighNi(526–865 ppm),Cr(1500–3680 ppm)contents.AFM(Na_(2)O-K_(2)O)-FeO-MgO)and ACM(Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-MgO)ternary diagrams have revealed that the studied samples correspond to arc-related ultramafic cumulates.Chondrite-normalized REE plots display an increasing trend from La to Sm(CeN/SmN:0.74–1.81),weak negative to no Eu(Eu/Eu*=0.72–1.05)and strong negative Ce(Ce/Ce*=0.33–0.98)anomalies.Primitive mantle normalized of multi-element diagrams exhibit LREE enrichment and large ion lithophile elements(LILE)relative to high field strength elements(HFSE),and notable negative anomalies in Nb.This suggests the generation of the parent melt by slab dehydration and wedge melting processes.In addition,incompatible trace element composition and ratios assumed that the source magma had an enhanced mantle source associated with a prominent influence of continental crust.Metasomatism of mantle wedge by plate-dehydrated,LILE-rich fluids and the incorporation of sediments derived from subduction explain the enhancement of the source.Integrated major and trace element compositions jointly with the tectonic reconstruction of this region and LA-ICP-MS U–Pb data on zircon constrain the emplacement age at ca.2099 Ma in a continental margin arc setting involving subduction of an oceanic plate beneath the continental lithosphere,dehydration of the slab and mantle wedge melting.This result intimate that the remnants of Paleoproterozoic oceanic crust or subduction event and subsequent basins closure extended from the Congo craton in Cameroon to CAR and NE Brazil.
文摘In this contribution,detailed field descriptions together with petrographic and bulk-rock major,trace and rare earth elements(REE)data are used to constrain the origin and geodynamic setting of the mafic magmatic enclaves(MMEs)recently discovered within the Pan-African Ngaoundal pluton,Adamawa area,central Cameroon.The investigated MMEs are dark-colored with chilled margins,and display medium to coarse-grain igneous textures.The mineral assemblage is either dominated by K-feldspar and carbonate(group Ⅰ),or by amphibole and plagioclase(group Ⅱ),though the overall mineral phases made of amphibole,plagioclase,K-feldspar,and biotite are similar to that of their host syenite but in different proportions.The MMEs in Ngaoundal area are foid-gabbro in composition with SiO_(2) contents ranging between 41.52% and 43.74% and are contiguous with their host granitoids of intermediate composition(SiO_(2)=57.52% to 58.98%).The host granitoid rocks are metaluminous,and belong to the shoshonitic series.Petrographic and geochemical data have revealed that the Ngaoundal MMEs derived from rapid cooling of hot injected lithospheric mantle-derived magma within cooler host granitoids magma and were emplaced in the intraplate geodynamic setting.
基金supported by the Central South University Postdoctoral Research Fund(No.22020084)。
文摘The Bipindi iron ore district is located in the central section of the Nyong Complex at the northwestern margin of the Congo Craton in Southwest Cameroon.This iron district contains numerous iron mineralization hosted by the Mewongo,Bibole,Kouambo,and Zambi banded iron formations(BIFs).These BIFs contain magnetite as the main iron ore mineral associated with pyrite,and gangue minerals are quartz with minor chlorite and amphibole.The origin of iron ore from these BIFs was investigated using a combination of in-situ magnetite and whole-rock chemistry.The studied BIF ore samples have a narrow range of TFe between 30.90 wt.%and 43.20 wt.%,indicating a low-grade ore.The geochemical signatures of magnetite such as low contents of base metals(e.g.,Cu,Co,V,and Zn)and low Co/Zn ratios<0.85 indicate a hydrothermal origin.Combined with the geochemical features of these BIFs,e.g.,high Fe/Ti and Fe/Al ratios(mean>600 and>75,respectively),we suggest that magnetite was derived from a mixture of seawater and~0.1%low-temperature hydrothermal fluids in an oxidizing environment.Collectively,low-temperature hydrothermal and later metamorphic fluids were necessary for the transformation of the protolith Nyong Complex BIFs to iron ore.
