Liver transplantation(LT)is the life saving therapeutic option for patients with acute and chronic end stage liver disease.This is a routine procedure with excellent outcomes in terms of patient survival and quality o...Liver transplantation(LT)is the life saving therapeutic option for patients with acute and chronic end stage liver disease.This is a routine procedure with excellent outcomes in terms of patient survival and quality of life post LT.Orthotopic LT(OLT)patients require a critical care as they are prone to variety of post-operative vascular,cardiovascular,biliary,pulmonary and abdominal complications.Thrombotic complications(both arterial and venous)are not uncommon post liver transplant surgery.Such vascular problems lead to increased morbidity and mortality in both donor and graft recipient.Although thromboprophylaxis is recommended in general surgery patients,no such standards exist for liver transplant patients.Drastic advancements of surgical and anesthetic procedures have improvised survival rates of patients post OLT.Despite these,haemostatic imbalance leading to thrombotic events post OLT cause significant graft loss and morbidity and even lead to patient’s death.Thus it is extremely important to understand pathophysiology of thrombosis in LT patients and shorten the timing of its diagnosis to avoid morbidity and mortality in both donor and graft recipient.Present review summarizes the current knowledge of vascular complications associated with LT to highlight their impact on short and long-term morbidity and mortality post LT.Also,present report discusses the lacunae existing in the literature regarding the risk factors leading to arterial and venous thrombosis in LT patients.展开更多
A simple mathematical model for the exudative retinal detachment has been developed. The model takes into consideration a typical retinal blister with unknown shape and the fluid flow caused by its accumulation in the...A simple mathematical model for the exudative retinal detachment has been developed. The model takes into consideration a typical retinal blister with unknown shape and the fluid flow caused by its accumulation in the subretinal space through the fluid-leakage into the subretinal space from the choriocapillar is across the outer blood-retina barrier described by Darcy’s law. The theory of bending beams is applied to model the deformation of the retinal blister. The boundary value problem describing the retinal deformation in dimensionless form is solved using the perturbation method. The computational results for the retinal deformation are presented through graphs to illustrate the sensitivity of the deformation to the elastic modulus, the moment of inertia and intraocular pressure and discussed.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic,which has affected millions of people across the globe in the year 2020.This disease is caused by a virus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),that belongs...Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic,which has affected millions of people across the globe in the year 2020.This disease is caused by a virus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),that belongs to the family of coronaviruses and primarily affects the respiratory system.This infection has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic form to mild,moderate and severe forms depending upon the age,comorbidity and immunity of an affected individual.Hyper-inflammatory response due to SARSCoV-2 adversely affect several internal organs.Besides lung injury,which is the main outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection,it has been reported to adversely impact other organs including the liver and kidneys.SARS-CoV-2 virus can also have a direct adverse impact on liver as well as kidneys due to systemic inflammatory response or drug toxicity,leading to elevated levels of liver injury markers and acute kidney injury.Clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection could be worse in patients suffering from pre-existing liver and kidney disease.So far,there have been several reports on the mechanism of liver and kidney injury during SARSCoV-2 viral attack.However,the long-term impact of this infection on these organs is yet to be understood.This review summarizes the possible causes and effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver and kidneys during the infection and post recovery based on available literature.展开更多
文摘Liver transplantation(LT)is the life saving therapeutic option for patients with acute and chronic end stage liver disease.This is a routine procedure with excellent outcomes in terms of patient survival and quality of life post LT.Orthotopic LT(OLT)patients require a critical care as they are prone to variety of post-operative vascular,cardiovascular,biliary,pulmonary and abdominal complications.Thrombotic complications(both arterial and venous)are not uncommon post liver transplant surgery.Such vascular problems lead to increased morbidity and mortality in both donor and graft recipient.Although thromboprophylaxis is recommended in general surgery patients,no such standards exist for liver transplant patients.Drastic advancements of surgical and anesthetic procedures have improvised survival rates of patients post OLT.Despite these,haemostatic imbalance leading to thrombotic events post OLT cause significant graft loss and morbidity and even lead to patient’s death.Thus it is extremely important to understand pathophysiology of thrombosis in LT patients and shorten the timing of its diagnosis to avoid morbidity and mortality in both donor and graft recipient.Present review summarizes the current knowledge of vascular complications associated with LT to highlight their impact on short and long-term morbidity and mortality post LT.Also,present report discusses the lacunae existing in the literature regarding the risk factors leading to arterial and venous thrombosis in LT patients.
文摘A simple mathematical model for the exudative retinal detachment has been developed. The model takes into consideration a typical retinal blister with unknown shape and the fluid flow caused by its accumulation in the subretinal space through the fluid-leakage into the subretinal space from the choriocapillar is across the outer blood-retina barrier described by Darcy’s law. The theory of bending beams is applied to model the deformation of the retinal blister. The boundary value problem describing the retinal deformation in dimensionless form is solved using the perturbation method. The computational results for the retinal deformation are presented through graphs to illustrate the sensitivity of the deformation to the elastic modulus, the moment of inertia and intraocular pressure and discussed.
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic,which has affected millions of people across the globe in the year 2020.This disease is caused by a virus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),that belongs to the family of coronaviruses and primarily affects the respiratory system.This infection has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic form to mild,moderate and severe forms depending upon the age,comorbidity and immunity of an affected individual.Hyper-inflammatory response due to SARSCoV-2 adversely affect several internal organs.Besides lung injury,which is the main outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection,it has been reported to adversely impact other organs including the liver and kidneys.SARS-CoV-2 virus can also have a direct adverse impact on liver as well as kidneys due to systemic inflammatory response or drug toxicity,leading to elevated levels of liver injury markers and acute kidney injury.Clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection could be worse in patients suffering from pre-existing liver and kidney disease.So far,there have been several reports on the mechanism of liver and kidney injury during SARSCoV-2 viral attack.However,the long-term impact of this infection on these organs is yet to be understood.This review summarizes the possible causes and effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver and kidneys during the infection and post recovery based on available literature.
