<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nepeta cataria</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, ...<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nepeta cataria</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, commonly known as catmint or catnip, belongs to the family </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lamiaceae</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and is indigenous to Europe and Asia. The essential oil of this species is known for the richness and diversity of nepetalactones (NPL) which are used as mosquito/insect repellents in perfumery and cosmetic industries. Reports on Indian catmint germplasm are very meager and warrants exploration of its commercial potential as a natural, non-toxic source of insect repellents. With this objective, commercial open-pollinated seeds of catmint collected from its native, temperate habitat in Himalayas were introduced in the tropical plains. Subsequent to adaptation to a new zone we were able to isolate nineteen individual plants based on plant growth. Hydrodistillation of the fresh herb yielded essential oil in the range of 0.01% to 0.2%. Gas Chromatography (GC) and GC-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the oil revealed the dominance of monoterpene hydrocarbon, namely, </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4aα,7α,7aα NPL</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (1) isomer (84%). The other two isomers of nepetalactone, </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4aα,7α,7aβ NPL</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (2) and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4aα,7β,7aα NPL</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (3) were also present, although in very </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">less</span><span style="font-family:"color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">amounts (1.0% and 1.6%, respectively). Sesquiterpenes identified were α-humulene (traces), (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">E</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)-caryophyllene (0.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.7%). We compared the identified Indian catmint chemotype with the other oils from temperate, sub-tropical and tropical locations based on literature search. The Indian chemotype was found to be similar to the oils from Burundi, France, Turkey, UK and USA, mainly due to more accumulation of </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4aα,7α,7aα NPL</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (1) isomer. These oils</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grouped together in Principal Component Analysis. Breeding lines are presently being developed to improve yield related traits in this plant. Multidisciplinary R&D efforts along with setting up industry related guidelines are required to successfully commercialize catmint cultivation. Several species of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nepeta</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> genus have high nepetalactone content too and their potential as a commercial source of these isomers still needs to be explored.展开更多
In Agriculture Sciences, detection of diseases is one of the mostchallenging tasks. The mis-interpretations of plant diseases often lead towrong pesticide selection, resulting in damage of crops. Hence, the automaticr...In Agriculture Sciences, detection of diseases is one of the mostchallenging tasks. The mis-interpretations of plant diseases often lead towrong pesticide selection, resulting in damage of crops. Hence, the automaticrecognition of the diseases at earlier stages is important as well as economicalfor better quality and quantity of fruits. Computer aided detection (CAD)has proven as a supportive tool for disease detection and classification, thusallowing the identification of diseases and reducing the rate of degradationof fruit quality. In this research work, a model based on convolutional neuralnetwork with 19 convolutional layers has been proposed for effective andaccurate classification of Marsonina Coronaria and Apple Scab diseases fromapple leaves. For this, a database of 50,000 images has been acquired bycollecting images of leaves from apple farms of Himachal Pradesh (H.P)and Uttarakhand (India). An augmentation technique has been performedon the dataset to increase the number of images for increasing the accuracy.The performance analysis of the proposed model has been compared with thenew two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models having 8 and 9 layersrespectively. The proposed model has also been compared with the standardmachine learning classifiers like support vector machine, k-Nearest Neighbour, Random Forest and Logistic Regression models. From experimentalresults, it has been observed that the proposed model has outperformed theother CNN based models and machine learning models with an accuracy of99.2%.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the potential activity of novel herbal combination and novel herbal formulation(syrup)in female Sprague Dawley rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Forty-two rat...Objective:To investigate the potential activity of novel herbal combination and novel herbal formulation(syrup)in female Sprague Dawley rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Forty-two rats were randomly divided into seven groups with six rats in each group.Group 1 received 0.5%carboxy methylcellulose orally for 37 days and served as the normal control group.Group 2 was orally administered with letrozole of 1 mg/kg for 21 days and served as the PCOS induction group without treatment.Group 3 to 7 were administered with letrozole of 1 mg/kg for 21 days orally to induce PCOS,and then respectively received clomiphene citrate at 1 mg/kg,100 and 200 mg/kg of novel herbal combination,200 mg/kg of novel herbal formulation(syrup),and 400 mg/kg of marketed formulation of Pushyanuga churna,once daily for 15 days.Effects of the novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation were evaluated on the hormonal profile,the levels of antioxidants,the lipid profile and on the ovarian morphology,using letrozole-induced PCOS model in rats.Results:Letrozole caused alterations in hormonal levels and lipid levels similar to PCOS and ovarian histology showed presence of ovarian cysts confirming the induction of PCOS in rats.On treatment with the novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation in PCOS-induced rats,the altered hormonal and lipid profiles showed significant recovery to normal levels.Ovarian histology confirmed the restoration of folliculogenesis in the PCOS-induced rats.The treatment with the syrup formulation of novel herbal combination was found to be more effective than novel herbal combination and showed better recovery in various parameters evaluated.The results of the study,however,suggested that treatment with novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation provided minimal protection against oxidative stress caused due to the induction of PCOS.Conclusions:The integrated approach for management of PCOS is to counterbalance the limitations associated with modern therapy.Both the novel herbal combination and the syrup formulation of novel herbal combination show efficacy in the management of PCOS in rats and restore folliculogenesis in the ovary.The syrup formulation of novel herbal combination is most effective in the management of PCOS and shows potential to be developed as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to report a case of rare localised (limited to eyelid) malignant eyelid tumor in a 70 year old Indian male. Histopathology confirmed it to be a Merkel cell carcinoma. Surgical excision and...The purpose of this paper is to report a case of rare localised (limited to eyelid) malignant eyelid tumor in a 70 year old Indian male. Histopathology confirmed it to be a Merkel cell carcinoma. Surgical excision and eyelid reconstruction was done successfully. No local or systemic recurrence has been noted at a follow up of 2 years. The well defined nature of a highly malignant tumor, its localised presentation and management is being described in following report.展开更多
BACKGROUND The NaV1.1 sodium channel alpha subunit,encoded by SCN1A,is crucial for initiating and propagating action potentials in neurons.SCN1A gene has long been an established target in the etiology and therapy of ...BACKGROUND The NaV1.1 sodium channel alpha subunit,encoded by SCN1A,is crucial for initiating and propagating action potentials in neurons.SCN1A gene has long been an established target in the etiology and therapy of epilepsy.However,very few studies have investigated the relevance of genetic variations in epilepsy and anti-epileptic drug resistance.AIM To investigate associations between polymorphisms,rs121917953 T/A and rs121918623 C/T,and drug resistance in epilepsy patients in the north Indian population.METHODS A total of 100 age-and sex-matched epilepsy patients(50 drug responsive and 50 drug resistant subjects)were recruited and SCN1A rs121918623 C/T*and rs121917953 T/A*polymorphisms were analyzed by the allele specific-PCR technique.χ^(2)and Fisher’s exact test were used to estimate differences between the distribution of SCN1A rs121918623 and rs121917953 gene polymorphisms among various groups.The association between distinct rs121917953 genotypes and drug resistance was analyzed using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS For the SCN1A rs121917953 T/A*(D188V)polymorphism,a significantly higher proportion of individuals with AT genotype were observed in the drug-resistant group as compared to the drug-responsive group.Additionally,a higher risk association was exhibited by AT genotype for drug resistance with an odds ratio of 3.51 and P value=0.017.For the SCN1A rs121918623 C/T*(T875M)polymorphism,no significant difference in genotype distribution was observed between the drug-resistant and drug-sensitive groups.CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the SCN1A polymorphism D188V is associated with a higher risk of drug resistance for the AT variant as compared to the homozygous TT wild-type.Further research is needed at the functional level and in larger cohorts to determine the potential of these genes as a therapeutic target in epilepsy subjects.展开更多
文摘<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nepeta cataria</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, commonly known as catmint or catnip, belongs to the family </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lamiaceae</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and is indigenous to Europe and Asia. The essential oil of this species is known for the richness and diversity of nepetalactones (NPL) which are used as mosquito/insect repellents in perfumery and cosmetic industries. Reports on Indian catmint germplasm are very meager and warrants exploration of its commercial potential as a natural, non-toxic source of insect repellents. With this objective, commercial open-pollinated seeds of catmint collected from its native, temperate habitat in Himalayas were introduced in the tropical plains. Subsequent to adaptation to a new zone we were able to isolate nineteen individual plants based on plant growth. Hydrodistillation of the fresh herb yielded essential oil in the range of 0.01% to 0.2%. Gas Chromatography (GC) and GC-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the oil revealed the dominance of monoterpene hydrocarbon, namely, </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4aα,7α,7aα NPL</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (1) isomer (84%). The other two isomers of nepetalactone, </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4aα,7α,7aβ NPL</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (2) and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4aα,7β,7aα NPL</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (3) were also present, although in very </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">less</span><span style="font-family:"color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">amounts (1.0% and 1.6%, respectively). Sesquiterpenes identified were α-humulene (traces), (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">E</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)-caryophyllene (0.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.7%). We compared the identified Indian catmint chemotype with the other oils from temperate, sub-tropical and tropical locations based on literature search. The Indian chemotype was found to be similar to the oils from Burundi, France, Turkey, UK and USA, mainly due to more accumulation of </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4aα,7α,7aα NPL</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (1) isomer. These oils</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grouped together in Principal Component Analysis. Breeding lines are presently being developed to improve yield related traits in this plant. Multidisciplinary R&D efforts along with setting up industry related guidelines are required to successfully commercialize catmint cultivation. Several species of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nepeta</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> genus have high nepetalactone content too and their potential as a commercial source of these isomers still needs to be explored.
基金This work was supported by Taif University Researchers Supporting Project(TURSP)under number(TURSP-2020/73),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘In Agriculture Sciences, detection of diseases is one of the mostchallenging tasks. The mis-interpretations of plant diseases often lead towrong pesticide selection, resulting in damage of crops. Hence, the automaticrecognition of the diseases at earlier stages is important as well as economicalfor better quality and quantity of fruits. Computer aided detection (CAD)has proven as a supportive tool for disease detection and classification, thusallowing the identification of diseases and reducing the rate of degradationof fruit quality. In this research work, a model based on convolutional neuralnetwork with 19 convolutional layers has been proposed for effective andaccurate classification of Marsonina Coronaria and Apple Scab diseases fromapple leaves. For this, a database of 50,000 images has been acquired bycollecting images of leaves from apple farms of Himachal Pradesh (H.P)and Uttarakhand (India). An augmentation technique has been performedon the dataset to increase the number of images for increasing the accuracy.The performance analysis of the proposed model has been compared with thenew two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models having 8 and 9 layersrespectively. The proposed model has also been compared with the standardmachine learning classifiers like support vector machine, k-Nearest Neighbour, Random Forest and Logistic Regression models. From experimentalresults, it has been observed that the proposed model has outperformed theother CNN based models and machine learning models with an accuracy of99.2%.
基金supported by DST-SERB,Government of India via sanction No.EMR/2017/001106。
文摘Objective:To investigate the potential activity of novel herbal combination and novel herbal formulation(syrup)in female Sprague Dawley rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Forty-two rats were randomly divided into seven groups with six rats in each group.Group 1 received 0.5%carboxy methylcellulose orally for 37 days and served as the normal control group.Group 2 was orally administered with letrozole of 1 mg/kg for 21 days and served as the PCOS induction group without treatment.Group 3 to 7 were administered with letrozole of 1 mg/kg for 21 days orally to induce PCOS,and then respectively received clomiphene citrate at 1 mg/kg,100 and 200 mg/kg of novel herbal combination,200 mg/kg of novel herbal formulation(syrup),and 400 mg/kg of marketed formulation of Pushyanuga churna,once daily for 15 days.Effects of the novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation were evaluated on the hormonal profile,the levels of antioxidants,the lipid profile and on the ovarian morphology,using letrozole-induced PCOS model in rats.Results:Letrozole caused alterations in hormonal levels and lipid levels similar to PCOS and ovarian histology showed presence of ovarian cysts confirming the induction of PCOS in rats.On treatment with the novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation in PCOS-induced rats,the altered hormonal and lipid profiles showed significant recovery to normal levels.Ovarian histology confirmed the restoration of folliculogenesis in the PCOS-induced rats.The treatment with the syrup formulation of novel herbal combination was found to be more effective than novel herbal combination and showed better recovery in various parameters evaluated.The results of the study,however,suggested that treatment with novel herbal combination and its syrup formulation provided minimal protection against oxidative stress caused due to the induction of PCOS.Conclusions:The integrated approach for management of PCOS is to counterbalance the limitations associated with modern therapy.Both the novel herbal combination and the syrup formulation of novel herbal combination show efficacy in the management of PCOS in rats and restore folliculogenesis in the ovary.The syrup formulation of novel herbal combination is most effective in the management of PCOS and shows potential to be developed as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to report a case of rare localised (limited to eyelid) malignant eyelid tumor in a 70 year old Indian male. Histopathology confirmed it to be a Merkel cell carcinoma. Surgical excision and eyelid reconstruction was done successfully. No local or systemic recurrence has been noted at a follow up of 2 years. The well defined nature of a highly malignant tumor, its localised presentation and management is being described in following report.
文摘BACKGROUND The NaV1.1 sodium channel alpha subunit,encoded by SCN1A,is crucial for initiating and propagating action potentials in neurons.SCN1A gene has long been an established target in the etiology and therapy of epilepsy.However,very few studies have investigated the relevance of genetic variations in epilepsy and anti-epileptic drug resistance.AIM To investigate associations between polymorphisms,rs121917953 T/A and rs121918623 C/T,and drug resistance in epilepsy patients in the north Indian population.METHODS A total of 100 age-and sex-matched epilepsy patients(50 drug responsive and 50 drug resistant subjects)were recruited and SCN1A rs121918623 C/T*and rs121917953 T/A*polymorphisms were analyzed by the allele specific-PCR technique.χ^(2)and Fisher’s exact test were used to estimate differences between the distribution of SCN1A rs121918623 and rs121917953 gene polymorphisms among various groups.The association between distinct rs121917953 genotypes and drug resistance was analyzed using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS For the SCN1A rs121917953 T/A*(D188V)polymorphism,a significantly higher proportion of individuals with AT genotype were observed in the drug-resistant group as compared to the drug-responsive group.Additionally,a higher risk association was exhibited by AT genotype for drug resistance with an odds ratio of 3.51 and P value=0.017.For the SCN1A rs121918623 C/T*(T875M)polymorphism,no significant difference in genotype distribution was observed between the drug-resistant and drug-sensitive groups.CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the SCN1A polymorphism D188V is associated with a higher risk of drug resistance for the AT variant as compared to the homozygous TT wild-type.Further research is needed at the functional level and in larger cohorts to determine the potential of these genes as a therapeutic target in epilepsy subjects.
