Increasing the use of social sustainability in the decision-making process for build-ing and infrastructure projects requires that it be defined such that it can be evaluated objectively.One potential indicator of soc...Increasing the use of social sustainability in the decision-making process for build-ing and infrastructure projects requires that it be defined such that it can be evaluated objectively.One potential indicator of social sustainability in infrastruc-ture projects is public opinion,which can provide a means to evaluate the level of social sustainability on a project based on personal values.Public opinion includes both support and opposition for a project.In this study,the causes or triggers for public opposition to a construction project are identified and then compared to principles of social sustainability to determine if they are related.Eight case study projects were used to identify common triggers of public opposition.The results suggest that common triggers of public opposition are related to land acquisition,escalating construction costs and the presence of endangered species on the project site.Eight of the twelve principles of social sustainability that were identified were determined to be related to public opposition.The results of this study suggest that public opposition could be used as a measure for some elements of social sus-tainability but that further research into other measures for social sustainability is necessary.展开更多
The process by which a building owner evaluates and decides upon energy conservation measures(ECMs)for a building retrofit is key towards achieving efficient results.However,many owners rely on unsophisticated evaluat...The process by which a building owner evaluates and decides upon energy conservation measures(ECMs)for a building retrofit is key towards achieving efficient results.However,many owners rely on unsophisticated evaluation methods,which potentially limits the amount of energy reduced in the commercial building.Reducing energy in the nearly 4.9 million commercial buildings is critical because they account for approximately one fifth of the total energy consumption in the United States.Reducing their energy consumption levels will have significant impacts on energy dependency,Greenhouse Gas emissions(GHG),and operations costs.The decision processes of twelve private and public organizations in New Mexico were evaluated through collective case study research.The processes of each organization were compared and key steps were identified.Then the most used and critical steps were combined to create an integrated decision approach that optimizes cost savings and GHG emission reductions.This integrated decision process involves five main steps:(1)Building Energy Data;(2)Energy Identification and Analysis;(3)Assessment;(4)Design and Planning;and(5)Approval.展开更多
文摘Increasing the use of social sustainability in the decision-making process for build-ing and infrastructure projects requires that it be defined such that it can be evaluated objectively.One potential indicator of social sustainability in infrastruc-ture projects is public opinion,which can provide a means to evaluate the level of social sustainability on a project based on personal values.Public opinion includes both support and opposition for a project.In this study,the causes or triggers for public opposition to a construction project are identified and then compared to principles of social sustainability to determine if they are related.Eight case study projects were used to identify common triggers of public opposition.The results suggest that common triggers of public opposition are related to land acquisition,escalating construction costs and the presence of endangered species on the project site.Eight of the twelve principles of social sustainability that were identified were determined to be related to public opposition.The results of this study suggest that public opposition could be used as a measure for some elements of social sus-tainability but that further research into other measures for social sustainability is necessary.
文摘The process by which a building owner evaluates and decides upon energy conservation measures(ECMs)for a building retrofit is key towards achieving efficient results.However,many owners rely on unsophisticated evaluation methods,which potentially limits the amount of energy reduced in the commercial building.Reducing energy in the nearly 4.9 million commercial buildings is critical because they account for approximately one fifth of the total energy consumption in the United States.Reducing their energy consumption levels will have significant impacts on energy dependency,Greenhouse Gas emissions(GHG),and operations costs.The decision processes of twelve private and public organizations in New Mexico were evaluated through collective case study research.The processes of each organization were compared and key steps were identified.Then the most used and critical steps were combined to create an integrated decision approach that optimizes cost savings and GHG emission reductions.This integrated decision process involves five main steps:(1)Building Energy Data;(2)Energy Identification and Analysis;(3)Assessment;(4)Design and Planning;and(5)Approval.
