Copper is one of the essential trace elements for living beings,influencing several critical processes like cellular energy production,antioxidant defense,communication within cells,and the functioning of enzymes[1].T...Copper is one of the essential trace elements for living beings,influencing several critical processes like cellular energy production,antioxidant defense,communication within cells,and the functioning of enzymes[1].The daily intake of copper is 0.7−3.0 mg/d,and copper homeostasis is strictly regulated by physiological processes,including duodenal and small intestinal uptake,blood transport,liver storage and release,and bile excretion,thereby maintaining copper homeostasis in the body[2],and many studies have confirmed that copper disorders in the body are associated with neurodegenerative,metabolic,and genetic diseases[3].展开更多
To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction...To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction.The arrangement of the elastic support element is determined by the equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient.In this paper,a dynamic model of skin in a fluid environment is established.The influence of equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient on flow stability is investigated.The results suggest that arranging the elastic support elements in accordance with the quasi-periodic law can effectively enhance flow stability.Meanwhile,the hydrodynamic noise calculation results demonstrate that the skin exhibits excellent noise reduction performance,with reductions of 10 dB in the streamwise direction,11 dB in the spanwise direction,and 10 dB in the normal direction.The results also demonstrate that the stability analysis method can serve as a diagnostic tool for flow fields and guide the design of noise reduction structures.展开更多
The dynamic and thermal performance of particle-laden turbulent flow is investigated via direction numerical simulation combined with the Lagrangian point-particle tracking under the condition of two-way coupling, wit...The dynamic and thermal performance of particle-laden turbulent flow is investigated via direction numerical simulation combined with the Lagrangian point-particle tracking under the condition of two-way coupling, with a focus on the contributions of particle feedback effect to momentum and heat transfer of turbulence. We take into account the effects of particles on flow drag and Nusselt number and explore the possibility of drag reduction in conjunction with heat transfer enhancement in particle-laden turbulent flows. The effects of particles on momentum and heat transfer are analyzed, and the possibility of drag reduction in conjunction with heat transfer enhancement for the prototypical case of particle-laden turbulent channel flows is addressed. We present results of turbulence modification and heat transfer in turbulent particle-laden channel flow, which shows the heat transfer reduction when large inertial particles with low specific heat capacity are added to the flow. However, we also found an enhancement of the heat transfer and a small reduction of the flow drag when particles with high specific heat capacity are involved. The present results show that particles, which are active agents, interact not only with the velocity field, but also the temperature field and can cause a dissimilarity in momentum and heat transport. This demonstrates that the possibility to increase heat transfer and suppress friction drag can be achieved with addition of particles with different thermal properties.展开更多
Biochar,one of the products of thermochemical conversion of biomass,possesses specific physiochemical properties such as conductivity,pore adsorption,surface functional groups,and cation exchange capacity.Anaerobic di...Biochar,one of the products of thermochemical conversion of biomass,possesses specific physiochemical properties such as conductivity,pore adsorption,surface functional groups,and cation exchange capacity.Anaerobic digestion(AD)as a classical bio-wastes conversion technology,suffers from inhibitions,process instability,and methanogenic inefficiency which limit its efficiency.With the advantages of pH buffering,functional microbes enrichment,inhibitors alleviating,and direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)accelerating,biochar suggests a promising application as additives for AD.Herein,this paper reviewed the noting physicochemical properties of biochar,and discussed its roles and related mechanisms in AD.Further,this paper highlighted the advantages and drawbacks,and pointed out the corresponding challenges and prospects for future research and application of biochar amending AD.展开更多
Droplet-laden turbulent airflow(i.e. the mixture of dry air and water vapor) in the marine atmospheric boundary layer is described by an open channel flow configuration in direct numerical simulation(DNS). The dispers...Droplet-laden turbulent airflow(i.e. the mixture of dry air and water vapor) in the marine atmospheric boundary layer is described by an open channel flow configuration in direct numerical simulation(DNS). The dispersed phase, the spray droplets are tracked in a Lagrangian framework, and their impact on the carrier airflow is modeled with the two-way coupling between the two phases. A wide-range droplet size is typically found near the air–sea interface according to the sea spray concentration function(SSCF). The interactions of the droplets with turbulent airflow including mass, momentum, and energy exchange are investigated here. We found a balancing mechanism exists in the droplet effects on the turbulent drag coefficient, since spray droplets lead to a decreased vertical turbulent momentum transport, but also lead to an increased droplet contribution to total drag coefficient. For the heat transfer, as droplet mass loading increasing, the total Nusselt number decreases due to the depression of turbulent heat flux and enhanced negative droplet convective flux.展开更多
Interaction between turbulence and particles is investigated in a channel flow. The fluid motion is calculated using direct numerical simulation(DNS) with a lattice Boltzmann(LB) method, and particles are tracked in a...Interaction between turbulence and particles is investigated in a channel flow. The fluid motion is calculated using direct numerical simulation(DNS) with a lattice Boltzmann(LB) method, and particles are tracked in a Lagrangian framework through the action of force imposed by the fluid. The particle diameter is smaller than the Kolmogorov length scale, and the point force is used to represent the feedback force of particles on the turbulence. The effects of particles on the turbulence and skin friction coefficient are examined with different particle inertias and mass loadings. Inertial particles suppress intensities of the spanwise and wall-normal components of velocity, and the Reynolds shear stress. It is also found that, relative to the reference particle-free flow,the overall mean skin-friction coefficient is reduced by particles. Changes of near wall turbulent structures such as longer and more regular streamwise low-speed streaks and less ejections and sweeps are the manifestation of drag reduction.展开更多
The hydrate formation or dissociation in deep subsea flow lines is a challenging problem in oil and gas transport systems. The study of multiphase flows is complex while necessary due to the phase changes （i.e., liqu...The hydrate formation or dissociation in deep subsea flow lines is a challenging problem in oil and gas transport systems. The study of multiphase flows is complex while necessary due to the phase changes （i.e., liquid, solid, and gas） that occur with increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure. A one-dimensional multiphase flow model coupled with a transient hydrate kinetic model is developed to study the characteristics of the multiphase flows for the hydrates formed by the phase changes in the pipes. The multiphase flow model is derived from a multi-fluid model, while has been widely used in modelling multiphase flows. The heat convection between the fluid and the ambient through the pipe wall is considered in the energy balance equation. The developed multiphase flow model is used to simulate the procedure of the hydrate transport. The results show that the formation of the hydrates can cause hold-up oscillations of water and gas.展开更多
Rotational manipulation of massive particles and biolo gical samples is essential for the development of miniaturized lab-on-a-chip platforms in the fields of chemical,medical,and biological applications.In this paper...Rotational manipulation of massive particles and biolo gical samples is essential for the development of miniaturized lab-on-a-chip platforms in the fields of chemical,medical,and biological applications.In this paper,a device concept of a two-dimensional acoustofluidic chamber actuated by multiple nonlinear vibration sources is proposed.The functional chamber enables the generation of acoustic streaming vortices for potential applications that include strong mixing of multiphase flows and rotational manipulation of micro-/nano-scale objects without any rotating component.Using numerical simulations,we find that diversified acoustofluidic fields can be generated in the chamber under various actuations,and massive polystyrene beads inside can experience different acoustophoretic motions under the combined effect of an acoustic radiation force and acoustic streaming.Moreover,we investigate and clarify the effects of structural design on modulation of the acoustofluidic fields in the chamber.We believe the presented study could not only provide a promising potential tool for rotational acoustofluidic manipulation,but could also bring this community some useful design insights into the achievement of desired acoustofluidic fields for assorted microfluidic applications.展开更多
The high-voltage battery has now become a goal in order to meet the demands for high energy density.However,the severe side reactions between Li metal and carbonate-based electrolytes in this system result in unstable...The high-voltage battery has now become a goal in order to meet the demands for high energy density.However,the severe side reactions between Li metal and carbonate-based electrolytes in this system result in unstable interphase,leading to non-uniform Li-ion flux and thus aggravating the dendrite growth of Li.The protect interphase,traditional solid electrolyte interface(SEI),is a loose solid layer consisted of many components,which generally does not possess the function of preventing the lithium budding.Herein,based on polysulfide solubility in ester,we proposed a strategy to eliminate the dendrite by constructing a unique SEI in which the dynamic polysulfides were in situ formed and encapsuled.For this purpose,a 2-fluorophenylsulfur pentafluoride(2-FSPF)was employed as an additive in carbonate-based electrolyte that can be decomposed electrochemically during battery operation to form such a polysulfide-rich interphase.These polysulfides with certain fluidity can adhere to dynamically the budding tip of Li metal,as a so-called tip-inhibitor,when the local current density of the tip rising,thus to hinder Li^(+)diffusion toward the tip,resulting in inhibiting the further growth of Li dendrites and leveling the Li deposition.At the current density of 1 mA cm^(-2),the average Coulombic efficiency of Li//Cu cells is as high as 98.39%during 600 cycles,and the stable cycling of Li//Li symmetric cell reaches 3500 h.Furthermore,due to the high anodic stability,the Li//high-voltage LiCoO_(2)(LCO)full cells and Li–O_(2)battery achieve excellent cycle performance with lean electrolyte.展开更多
The effect of inertial particles with different specific heat on heat transfer in particle-laden turbulent channel flows is studied using the direct numerical simulation（DNS） and the Lagrangian particle tracking met...The effect of inertial particles with different specific heat on heat transfer in particle-laden turbulent channel flows is studied using the direct numerical simulation（DNS） and the Lagrangian particle tracking method. The simulation uses a two-way coupling model to consider the momentum and thermal interactions between the particles and turbulence. The study shows that the temperature fields display differences between the particle-laden flow with different specific heat particles and the particle-free flow,indicating that the particle specific heat is an important factor that affects the heat transfer process in a particle-laden flow. It is found that the heat transfer capacity of the particle-laden flow gradually increases with the increase of the particle specific heat. This is due to the positive contribution of the particle increase to the heat transfer. In addition,the Nusselt number of a particle-laden flow is compared with that of a particle-free flow.It is found that particles with a large specific heat strengthen heat transfer of turbulent flow, while those with small specific heat weaken heat transfer of turbulent flow.展开更多
WE read with interest the commentary by Vahid Damanpak Moghadam and colleagues.As a matter of fact,Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)has been pandemic globally in a very fast speed and raised great concern all over th...WE read with interest the commentary by Vahid Damanpak Moghadam and colleagues.As a matter of fact,Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)has been pandemic globally in a very fast speed and raised great concern all over the world.To provide guidance for anesthesiologists and critical care physicians on performance of endotracheal intubation for COVID-19 patients.展开更多
The Jingdezhen ductile shear zone is evolved from the Neoproterozoic Zhangyuan ophiolite melange belt in the eastern Jiangnan Orogen, South China. Comprehensive study of geometry, kinematics, quartz c-axis fabric, tem...The Jingdezhen ductile shear zone is evolved from the Neoproterozoic Zhangyuan ophiolite melange belt in the eastern Jiangnan Orogen, South China. Comprehensive study of geometry, kinematics, quartz c-axis fabric, temperature-pressure conditions and geochronology were conducted in this study. The Jingdezhen shear zone extends -180 km along the NE orientation with two groups of subvertical fo- liation and subhorizontal lineation. One group of foliation strikes NEN orientation whereas another one NEE orientation. Field investigation, microscopic observation and quartz c-axis fabric show that sinistral shearing along NEN-striking foliation occurred earlier than dextral shearing along NEE-striking foliation. Syn-tectonic staurolite porphyroblasts and deformation manner of feldspar imply that sinistral shearing occurred at 530-420 ℃ and 6-2 kbar. Deformation manner and c-axis fabric of quartz and pre-tectonic staurolite porphyroblasts indicate that dextral shearing took place at 420-300 ℃. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb and mica ^40Ar/^39Ar dating indicate that the sinistral shearing occurred during Neoproterozoic oro- geny （830-800 Ma） whereas the dextral shearing at 447＋12 Ma. The sinistral shearing resulted from the Neoproterozoic final assembly between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. The dextral shearing was caused by Early Paleozoic orogen parallel extension and clockwise rotation.展开更多
Histone acetylation is a critical process in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression.Histone deacetylases(HDACs)remove the acetyl group,leading to chromatin condensation and transcriptional repressio...Histone acetylation is a critical process in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression.Histone deacetylases(HDACs)remove the acetyl group,leading to chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression.HDAC inhibitors are considered a new class of anticancer agents and have been shown to alter gene transcription and exert antitumor effects.This paper describes our work on the structural determination and structure-activity relationship(SAR)optimization of tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds as HDAC inhibitors.These compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit HDAC 1,3,6 and for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of a panel of cancer cell lines.Among these,compound 82 showed the greatest inhibitory activity toward HDAC 1,3,6 and strongly inhibited growth of the cancer cell lines,with results clearly superior to those of the reference compound,vorinostat(SAHA).Compound 82 increased the acetylation of histones H3,H4 and tubulin in a concentration-dependent manner,suggesting that it is a broad inhibitor of HDACs.展开更多
Epigenetic therapies that cause genome-wide epigenetic alterations,could trigger local interplay between different histone marks,leading to a switch of transcriptional outcome and therapeutic responses of epigenetic t...Epigenetic therapies that cause genome-wide epigenetic alterations,could trigger local interplay between different histone marks,leading to a switch of transcriptional outcome and therapeutic responses of epigenetic treatment.However,in human cancers with diverse oncogenic activation,how oncogenic pathways cooperate with epigenetic modifiers to regulate the histone mark interplay is poorly understood.We herein discover that the hedgehog(Hh)pathway reprograms the histone methylation landscape in breast cancer,especially in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).This facilitates the histone acetylation caused by histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitors and gives rise to new therapeutic vulnerability of combination therapies.Specifically,overexpression of zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1(ZIC1)in breast cancer promotes Hh activation,facilitating the switch of H3K27 methylation(H3K27me)to acetylation(H3K27ac).The mutually exclusive relationship of H3K27me and H3K27ac allows their functional interplay at oncogenic gene locus and switches therapeutic outcomes.Using multiple in vivo breast cancer models including patient-derived TNBC xenograft,we show that Hh signaling-orchestrated H3K27me and H3K27ac interplay tailors combination epigenetic drugs in treating breast cancer.Together,this study reveals the new role of Hh signaling-regulated histone modifications interplay in responding to HDAC inhibitors and suggests new epigenetically-targeted therapeutic solutions for treating TNBC.展开更多
Elastomers play an irreplaceable role in our society due to their unique properties.Natural rubber is directly obtained from plants and is widely used in tires,shoes,etc.Recently,modified natural rubbers are proposed ...Elastomers play an irreplaceable role in our society due to their unique properties.Natural rubber is directly obtained from plants and is widely used in tires,shoes,etc.Recently,modified natural rubbers are proposed to expand the application of natural rubber.However,these natural rubbers have a limited variety of molecular structures and may not be able to meet ever-demanding applications.Traditional synthetic elastomers have a variety of molecular structures and their properties are used in various fields,but mainly originate from fossil resources.This review deals with bio-based elastomers,and more specifically natural rubber and bio-based synthetic elastomers.Based on reprocessability,bio-based elastomers can also be divided into bio-based chemically cross-linked ones and thermoplastic ones.Compared to traditional fossil-based elastomers,bio-based ones may alleviate environmental pollution and promote the sustainable development of the elastomer industry.展开更多
A large adiabatic temperature change(△T_(ad))is a prerequisite for the application of elastocaloric refriger-ation.Theoretically,a large volume change ratio(△V/V_(0))during martensitic transformation is favorable to...A large adiabatic temperature change(△T_(ad))is a prerequisite for the application of elastocaloric refriger-ation.Theoretically,a large volume change ratio(△V/V_(0))during martensitic transformation is favorable to enhance△T_(ad).However,the design or prediction of△V/V_(0)in experiments is a complex task because the structure of martensite changes simultaneously when the lattice parameter of austenite is tuned by mod-ifying chemical composition.So far,the solid strategy to tailor△V/V_(0)is still urgently desirable.In this work,a first-principles-based method was proposed to estimate△V/V_(0)for Ni-Mn-based alloys.With this method,the substitution of Ga for In is found to be an effective method to increase the value of△V/V_(0)for Ni-Mn-In alloys.Combined with the strategies of reducing the negative contribution of magnetic en-tropy change(via the substitution of Cu for Mn)and introducing strong crystallographic texture(through directional solidification),an outstanding elastocaloric prototype alloy of Ni_(50)(Mn_(28.5)Cu_(4.5))(In_(14)Ga_(3))was fabricated experimentally.At room temperature,a huge△T_(ad)of-19 K and a large specific adiabatic temperature change of 67.8 K/GPa are obtained.The proposed first-principle-assisted framework opens up the possibility of efficiently tailoring△V/V_(0)to promote the design of advanced elastocaloric refrigerants.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Health Commission of Weifang(No.WFWSJK-2023-155 to Q.W.)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2024MH147 to G.D.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81570945 to G.D.).
文摘Copper is one of the essential trace elements for living beings,influencing several critical processes like cellular energy production,antioxidant defense,communication within cells,and the functioning of enzymes[1].The daily intake of copper is 0.7−3.0 mg/d,and copper homeostasis is strictly regulated by physiological processes,including duodenal and small intestinal uptake,blood transport,liver storage and release,and bile excretion,thereby maintaining copper homeostasis in the body[2],and many studies have confirmed that copper disorders in the body are associated with neurodegenerative,metabolic,and genetic diseases[3].
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52075111,51775123)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3072022JC0701)。
文摘To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction.The arrangement of the elastic support element is determined by the equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient.In this paper,a dynamic model of skin in a fluid environment is established.The influence of equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient on flow stability is investigated.The results suggest that arranging the elastic support elements in accordance with the quasi-periodic law can effectively enhance flow stability.Meanwhile,the hydrodynamic noise calculation results demonstrate that the skin exhibits excellent noise reduction performance,with reductions of 10 dB in the streamwise direction,11 dB in the spanwise direction,and 10 dB in the normal direction.The results also demonstrate that the stability analysis method can serve as a diagnostic tool for flow fields and guide the design of noise reduction structures.
基金supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(No.22002129,No.21972119,No.21991151,No.22202162,No.22102137,No.22072123)the China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(No.2019TQ0177,No.2022T150548,No.2022M722648).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11272198, 11572183)
文摘The dynamic and thermal performance of particle-laden turbulent flow is investigated via direction numerical simulation combined with the Lagrangian point-particle tracking under the condition of two-way coupling, with a focus on the contributions of particle feedback effect to momentum and heat transfer of turbulence. We take into account the effects of particles on flow drag and Nusselt number and explore the possibility of drag reduction in conjunction with heat transfer enhancement in particle-laden turbulent flows. The effects of particles on momentum and heat transfer are analyzed, and the possibility of drag reduction in conjunction with heat transfer enhancement for the prototypical case of particle-laden turbulent channel flows is addressed. We present results of turbulence modification and heat transfer in turbulent particle-laden channel flow, which shows the heat transfer reduction when large inertial particles with low specific heat capacity are added to the flow. However, we also found an enhancement of the heat transfer and a small reduction of the flow drag when particles with high specific heat capacity are involved. The present results show that particles, which are active agents, interact not only with the velocity field, but also the temperature field and can cause a dissimilarity in momentum and heat transport. This demonstrates that the possibility to increase heat transfer and suppress friction drag can be achieved with addition of particles with different thermal properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 51806243)and the China Scholarship Council Grant(#201908040007).
文摘Biochar,one of the products of thermochemical conversion of biomass,possesses specific physiochemical properties such as conductivity,pore adsorption,surface functional groups,and cation exchange capacity.Anaerobic digestion(AD)as a classical bio-wastes conversion technology,suffers from inhibitions,process instability,and methanogenic inefficiency which limit its efficiency.With the advantages of pH buffering,functional microbes enrichment,inhibitors alleviating,and direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)accelerating,biochar suggests a promising application as additives for AD.Herein,this paper reviewed the noting physicochemical properties of biochar,and discussed its roles and related mechanisms in AD.Further,this paper highlighted the advantages and drawbacks,and pointed out the corresponding challenges and prospects for future research and application of biochar amending AD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 11572183 and 91852111)Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant 2019-01-07-00-09-E00018)
文摘Droplet-laden turbulent airflow(i.e. the mixture of dry air and water vapor) in the marine atmospheric boundary layer is described by an open channel flow configuration in direct numerical simulation(DNS). The dispersed phase, the spray droplets are tracked in a Lagrangian framework, and their impact on the carrier airflow is modeled with the two-way coupling between the two phases. A wide-range droplet size is typically found near the air–sea interface according to the sea spray concentration function(SSCF). The interactions of the droplets with turbulent airflow including mass, momentum, and energy exchange are investigated here. We found a balancing mechanism exists in the droplet effects on the turbulent drag coefficient, since spray droplets lead to a decreased vertical turbulent momentum transport, but also lead to an increased droplet contribution to total drag coefficient. For the heat transfer, as droplet mass loading increasing, the total Nusselt number decreases due to the depression of turbulent heat flux and enhanced negative droplet convective flux.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11572183 and 11272198)
文摘Interaction between turbulence and particles is investigated in a channel flow. The fluid motion is calculated using direct numerical simulation(DNS) with a lattice Boltzmann(LB) method, and particles are tracked in a Lagrangian framework through the action of force imposed by the fluid. The particle diameter is smaller than the Kolmogorov length scale, and the point force is used to represent the feedback force of particles on the turbulence. The effects of particles on the turbulence and skin friction coefficient are examined with different particle inertias and mass loadings. Inertial particles suppress intensities of the spanwise and wall-normal components of velocity, and the Reynolds shear stress. It is also found that, relative to the reference particle-free flow,the overall mean skin-friction coefficient is reduced by particles. Changes of near wall turbulent structures such as longer and more regular streamwise low-speed streaks and less ejections and sweeps are the manifestation of drag reduction.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11272198 and11572183)
文摘The hydrate formation or dissociation in deep subsea flow lines is a challenging problem in oil and gas transport systems. The study of multiphase flows is complex while necessary due to the phase changes （i.e., liquid, solid, and gas） that occur with increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure. A one-dimensional multiphase flow model coupled with a transient hydrate kinetic model is developed to study the characteristics of the multiphase flows for the hydrates formed by the phase changes in the pipes. The multiphase flow model is derived from a multi-fluid model, while has been widely used in modelling multiphase flows. The heat convection between the fluid and the ambient through the pipe wall is considered in the energy balance equation. The developed multiphase flow model is used to simulate the procedure of the hydrate transport. The results show that the formation of the hydrates can cause hold-up oscillations of water and gas.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11904117)the IndustryUniversity-Research Collaboration Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BY2019058)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Huaiyin Institute of Technology(Grant No.Z301B19529)the Training Foundation of Postgraduate Supervisor(Grant No.Z206E20555)。
文摘Rotational manipulation of massive particles and biolo gical samples is essential for the development of miniaturized lab-on-a-chip platforms in the fields of chemical,medical,and biological applications.In this paper,a device concept of a two-dimensional acoustofluidic chamber actuated by multiple nonlinear vibration sources is proposed.The functional chamber enables the generation of acoustic streaming vortices for potential applications that include strong mixing of multiphase flows and rotational manipulation of micro-/nano-scale objects without any rotating component.Using numerical simulations,we find that diversified acoustofluidic fields can be generated in the chamber under various actuations,and massive polystyrene beads inside can experience different acoustophoretic motions under the combined effect of an acoustic radiation force and acoustic streaming.Moreover,we investigate and clarify the effects of structural design on modulation of the acoustofluidic fields in the chamber.We believe the presented study could not only provide a promising potential tool for rotational acoustofluidic manipulation,but could also bring this community some useful design insights into the achievement of desired acoustofluidic fields for assorted microfluidic applications.
基金financial support from the NSFC projects(U1805254,21773192,22072117,and 22179112)
文摘The high-voltage battery has now become a goal in order to meet the demands for high energy density.However,the severe side reactions between Li metal and carbonate-based electrolytes in this system result in unstable interphase,leading to non-uniform Li-ion flux and thus aggravating the dendrite growth of Li.The protect interphase,traditional solid electrolyte interface(SEI),is a loose solid layer consisted of many components,which generally does not possess the function of preventing the lithium budding.Herein,based on polysulfide solubility in ester,we proposed a strategy to eliminate the dendrite by constructing a unique SEI in which the dynamic polysulfides were in situ formed and encapsuled.For this purpose,a 2-fluorophenylsulfur pentafluoride(2-FSPF)was employed as an additive in carbonate-based electrolyte that can be decomposed electrochemically during battery operation to form such a polysulfide-rich interphase.These polysulfides with certain fluidity can adhere to dynamically the budding tip of Li metal,as a so-called tip-inhibitor,when the local current density of the tip rising,thus to hinder Li^(+)diffusion toward the tip,resulting in inhibiting the further growth of Li dendrites and leveling the Li deposition.At the current density of 1 mA cm^(-2),the average Coulombic efficiency of Li//Cu cells is as high as 98.39%during 600 cycles,and the stable cycling of Li//Li symmetric cell reaches 3500 h.Furthermore,due to the high anodic stability,the Li//high-voltage LiCoO_(2)(LCO)full cells and Li–O_(2)battery achieve excellent cycle performance with lean electrolyte.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan province,China(Grant No.212300410283)Postdoctoral Research Grant in Henan provincethe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22005274,U2004214,and 21975225)。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11272198 and11572183)
文摘The effect of inertial particles with different specific heat on heat transfer in particle-laden turbulent channel flows is studied using the direct numerical simulation（DNS） and the Lagrangian particle tracking method. The simulation uses a two-way coupling model to consider the momentum and thermal interactions between the particles and turbulence. The study shows that the temperature fields display differences between the particle-laden flow with different specific heat particles and the particle-free flow,indicating that the particle specific heat is an important factor that affects the heat transfer process in a particle-laden flow. It is found that the heat transfer capacity of the particle-laden flow gradually increases with the increase of the particle specific heat. This is due to the positive contribution of the particle increase to the heat transfer. In addition,the Nusselt number of a particle-laden flow is compared with that of a particle-free flow.It is found that particles with a large specific heat strengthen heat transfer of turbulent flow, while those with small specific heat weaken heat transfer of turbulent flow.
文摘WE read with interest the commentary by Vahid Damanpak Moghadam and colleagues.As a matter of fact,Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)has been pandemic globally in a very fast speed and raised great concern all over the world.To provide guidance for anesthesiologists and critical care physicians on performance of endotracheal intubation for COVID-19 patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41402174, 41472166)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)+1 种基金China Scholarship Council (No. 201406415007)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
文摘The Jingdezhen ductile shear zone is evolved from the Neoproterozoic Zhangyuan ophiolite melange belt in the eastern Jiangnan Orogen, South China. Comprehensive study of geometry, kinematics, quartz c-axis fabric, temperature-pressure conditions and geochronology were conducted in this study. The Jingdezhen shear zone extends -180 km along the NE orientation with two groups of subvertical fo- liation and subhorizontal lineation. One group of foliation strikes NEN orientation whereas another one NEE orientation. Field investigation, microscopic observation and quartz c-axis fabric show that sinistral shearing along NEN-striking foliation occurred earlier than dextral shearing along NEE-striking foliation. Syn-tectonic staurolite porphyroblasts and deformation manner of feldspar imply that sinistral shearing occurred at 530-420 ℃ and 6-2 kbar. Deformation manner and c-axis fabric of quartz and pre-tectonic staurolite porphyroblasts indicate that dextral shearing took place at 420-300 ℃. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb and mica ^40Ar/^39Ar dating indicate that the sinistral shearing occurred during Neoproterozoic oro- geny （830-800 Ma） whereas the dextral shearing at 447＋12 Ma. The sinistral shearing resulted from the Neoproterozoic final assembly between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. The dextral shearing was caused by Early Paleozoic orogen parallel extension and clockwise rotation.
基金supported financially by the National Science & Technology Major Project ‘Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program’ of China(Grant No.2014ZX09507002)the National Marine ‘863’ Project(No.2013AA092902)
文摘Histone acetylation is a critical process in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression.Histone deacetylases(HDACs)remove the acetyl group,leading to chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression.HDAC inhibitors are considered a new class of anticancer agents and have been shown to alter gene transcription and exert antitumor effects.This paper describes our work on the structural determination and structure-activity relationship(SAR)optimization of tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds as HDAC inhibitors.These compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit HDAC 1,3,6 and for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of a panel of cancer cell lines.Among these,compound 82 showed the greatest inhibitory activity toward HDAC 1,3,6 and strongly inhibited growth of the cancer cell lines,with results clearly superior to those of the reference compound,vorinostat(SAHA).Compound 82 increased the acetylation of histones H3,H4 and tubulin in a concentration-dependent manner,suggesting that it is a broad inhibitor of HDACs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82225046,81821005,and 81903640)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(20XD1424800,China)。
文摘Epigenetic therapies that cause genome-wide epigenetic alterations,could trigger local interplay between different histone marks,leading to a switch of transcriptional outcome and therapeutic responses of epigenetic treatment.However,in human cancers with diverse oncogenic activation,how oncogenic pathways cooperate with epigenetic modifiers to regulate the histone mark interplay is poorly understood.We herein discover that the hedgehog(Hh)pathway reprograms the histone methylation landscape in breast cancer,especially in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).This facilitates the histone acetylation caused by histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitors and gives rise to new therapeutic vulnerability of combination therapies.Specifically,overexpression of zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1(ZIC1)in breast cancer promotes Hh activation,facilitating the switch of H3K27 methylation(H3K27me)to acetylation(H3K27ac).The mutually exclusive relationship of H3K27me and H3K27ac allows their functional interplay at oncogenic gene locus and switches therapeutic outcomes.Using multiple in vivo breast cancer models including patient-derived TNBC xenograft,we show that Hh signaling-orchestrated H3K27me and H3K27ac interplay tailors combination epigenetic drugs in treating breast cancer.Together,this study reveals the new role of Hh signaling-regulated histone modifications interplay in responding to HDAC inhibitors and suggests new epigenetically-targeted therapeutic solutions for treating TNBC.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Basic Science Center Program,Grant/Award Number:51988102National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52073011Innovative Research Groups,Grant/Award Numbers:51221002,51521062。
文摘Elastomers play an irreplaceable role in our society due to their unique properties.Natural rubber is directly obtained from plants and is widely used in tires,shoes,etc.Recently,modified natural rubbers are proposed to expand the application of natural rubber.However,these natural rubbers have a limited variety of molecular structures and may not be able to meet ever-demanding applications.Traditional synthetic elastomers have a variety of molecular structures and their properties are used in various fields,but mainly originate from fossil resources.This review deals with bio-based elastomers,and more specifically natural rubber and bio-based synthetic elastomers.Based on reprocessability,bio-based elastomers can also be divided into bio-based chemically cross-linked ones and thermoplastic ones.Compared to traditional fossil-based elastomers,bio-based ones may alleviate environmental pollution and promote the sustainable development of the elastomer industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51922026,51975111)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.N2202015,N2230002,N2002021,N2105001)the 111 Project of China(Nos.BP0719037,B20029).
文摘A large adiabatic temperature change(△T_(ad))is a prerequisite for the application of elastocaloric refriger-ation.Theoretically,a large volume change ratio(△V/V_(0))during martensitic transformation is favorable to enhance△T_(ad).However,the design or prediction of△V/V_(0)in experiments is a complex task because the structure of martensite changes simultaneously when the lattice parameter of austenite is tuned by mod-ifying chemical composition.So far,the solid strategy to tailor△V/V_(0)is still urgently desirable.In this work,a first-principles-based method was proposed to estimate△V/V_(0)for Ni-Mn-based alloys.With this method,the substitution of Ga for In is found to be an effective method to increase the value of△V/V_(0)for Ni-Mn-In alloys.Combined with the strategies of reducing the negative contribution of magnetic en-tropy change(via the substitution of Cu for Mn)and introducing strong crystallographic texture(through directional solidification),an outstanding elastocaloric prototype alloy of Ni_(50)(Mn_(28.5)Cu_(4.5))(In_(14)Ga_(3))was fabricated experimentally.At room temperature,a huge△T_(ad)of-19 K and a large specific adiabatic temperature change of 67.8 K/GPa are obtained.The proposed first-principle-assisted framework opens up the possibility of efficiently tailoring△V/V_(0)to promote the design of advanced elastocaloric refrigerants.
