Background:In the 21st century,as globalization accelerates and global public health crises occur,the One Health approach,guided by the holistic thinking of human-animal-environment and emphasizing interdisciplinary c...Background:In the 21st century,as globalization accelerates and global public health crises occur,the One Health approach,guided by the holistic thinking of human-animal-environment and emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to address global health issues,has been strongly advocated by the international community.An immediate requirement exists for the creation of an assessment tool to foster One Health initiatives on both global and national scales.Methods:Built upon extensive expert consultations and dialogues,this follow-up study enhances the 2022 global One Health index(GOHI)indicator system.The GOHI framework is enriched by covering three indices,e.g.external drivers index(EDI),intrinsic drivers index(IDI),and core drivers index(CDI).The comprehensive indicator system incorporates 13 key indicators,50 indicators,and 170 sub I-indicators,utilizing a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to ascertain the weight for each indicator.Weighted and summed,the EDI,IDI,and CDI scores contribute to the computation of the overall GOHI 2022 score.By comparing the ranking and the overall scores among the seven regions and across 160 countries/territories,we have not only derived an overall profile of the GOHI 2022 scores,but also assessed the GOHI framework.We also compared rankings of indicators and sub Iindicators to provide greater clarity on the strengths and weaknesses of each region within the One Health domains.Results:The GOHI 2022 performance reveals significant disparities between countries/territories ranged from 39.03 to 70.61.The global average score of the GOHI 2022 is 54.82.The average score for EDI,IDI,and CDI are 46.57,58.01,and 57.25,respectively.In terms of global rankings,countries from North America,Europe and Central Asia,East Asia and Pacific present higher scores.In terms of One Health domains of CDI,the lowest scores are observed in antimicrobial resistance(median:43.09),followed by food security(median:53.78),governance(median:54.77),climate change(median:64.12)and zoonotic diseases(median:69.23).Globally,the scores of GOHI vary spatially,with the highest score in North America while lowest in sub-Saharan Africa.In addition,evidence shows associations between the socio-demographic profile of countries/territories and their GOHI performance in certain One Health scenarios.Conclusion:The objective of GOHI is to guide impactful strategies for enhancing capacity building in One Health.With advanced technology and an annually updated database,intensifying efforts to refine GOHI's data-mining methodologies become imperative.The goal is to offer profound insights into disparities and progressions in practical One Health implementation,particularly in anticipation of future pandemics.展开更多
The burden of schistosomiasis remains a global public health problem,especially in sub-Saharan Africa despite progress in terms of morbidity control.Successful control efforts achieved by China in the last six decades...The burden of schistosomiasis remains a global public health problem,especially in sub-Saharan Africa despite progress in terms of morbidity control.Successful control efforts achieved by China in the last six decades came with considerable experience and lessons that could benefit schistosomiasis control programs in other endemic countries.China's role and commitment to global health cooperation has become increasingly important;this has created a platform for partnership with developing partners for the establishment of Forum on China-Africa health cooperation which prioritizes the pursuit of global elimination target for schistosomiasis and malaria,control of HIV/AIDS,and improved access to reproductive health care.Chinese government's commitment towards achieving schistosomiasis elimination in Africa prompted the establishment of Institution-based Network on China-Africa Cooperation for Schistosomiasis Elimination (INCAS),by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases to promote schistosomiasis elimination in Africa.Schistosomiasis experts from six provincial institutions and counterparts from 10 African countries participated in the first workshop on China-Africa cooperation for Schistosomiasis Elimination in Africa at Lilongwe,Malawi,in 2015.Experts at the inaugural meeting shared experiences from their national schistosomiasis control programs,as well as identified areas for collaborative synergy targeting schistosomiasis elimination in Africa.The establishment of INCAS,which comprises of 28 member-institutions from China and Africa,was proposed at this meeting.We,therefore,provide information on INCAS activities,cooperation mechanism,as well as assess the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats as we target schistosomiasis elimination in Africa using the INCAS platform.展开更多
Objective:To determine the spatiotemporal distribution of Schistosoma(S.)japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and Oncomelania(O.)hupensis across the endemic foci of China.Methods:Based on multi-stage continuous do...Objective:To determine the spatiotemporal distribution of Schistosoma(S.)japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and Oncomelania(O.)hupensis across the endemic foci of China.Methods:Based on multi-stage continuous downscaling of sentinel monitoring,county-based schistosomiasis surveillance data were captured from the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China from 2005 to 2019.The data included S.japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and O.hupensis.The spatiotemporal trends for schistosomiasis were detected using a Joinpoint regression model,with a standard deviational ellipse(SDE)tool,which determined the central tendency and dispersion in the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis.Further,more spatiotemporal clusters of S.japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and O.hupensis were evaluated by the Poisson model.Results:The prevalence of S.japonicum human infections decreased from 2.06%to zero based on data of the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China from 2005 to 2019,with a reduction from 9.42%to zero for the prevalence of S.japonicum infections in livestock,and from 0.26%to zero for the prevalence of S.japonicum infections in O.hupensis.Analysis using an SDE tool showed that schistosomiasis-affected regions were reduced yearly from 2005 to 2014 in the endemic provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,and Anhui,as well as in the Poyang and Dongting Lake regions.Poisson model revealed 11 clusters of S.japonicum human infections,six clusters of S.japonicum infections in livestock,and nine clusters of S.japonicum infections in O.hupensis.The clusters of human infection were highly consistent with clusters of S.japonicum infections in livestock and O.hupensis.They were in the 5 provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui,and Jiangsu,as well as along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Humans,livestock,and O.hupensis infections with S.japonicum were mainly concentrated in the north of the Hunan Province,south of the Hubei Province,north of the Jiangxi Province,and southwestern portion of Anhui Province.In the 2 mountainous provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan,human,livestock,and O.hupensis infections with S.japonicum were mainly concentrated in the northwestern portion of the Yunnan Province,the Daliangshan area in the south of Sichuan Province,and the hilly regions in the middle of Sichuan Province.Conclusions:A remarkable decline in the disease prevalence of S.japonicum infection was observed in endemic schistosomiasis in China between 2005 and 2019.However,there remains a long-term risk of transmission in local areas,with the highest-risk areas primarily in Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake regions,requiring to focus on vigilance against the rebound of the epidemic.Development of high-sensitivity detection methods and integrating the transmission links such as human and livestock infection,wild animal infection,and O.hupensis into the surveillance-response system will ensure the elimination of schistosomiasis in China by 2030.展开更多
One Health is an interdisciplinary approach that promotes the resolution of complex health issues through collaboration across multiple disciplines. In addition to accountability, the One Health governance structure f...One Health is an interdisciplinary approach that promotes the resolution of complex health issues through collaboration across multiple disciplines. In addition to accountability, the One Health governance structure fosters shared understanding, trust, and an appreciation for diverse perspectives and requirements. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current integration of the One Health approach within China's existing health governance framework. It also proposes strategies for further improvement, with emphasis on the level of implementation and contributions to the advancement of One Health governance through an examination of current health policies.展开更多
Background:The emergence of dengue fever has prompted significant public health responses,highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of One Health in addressing vector-borne diseases.China's experienc...Background:The emergence of dengue fever has prompted significant public health responses,highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of One Health in addressing vector-borne diseases.China's experience in dengue control and prevention programs offers valuable insights into the successful integration of multidisciplinary strategies.Aims:The review aims to:(1)systematically analyze lessons from China's dengue control and prevention programs,focusing on the integration of these efforts with the One Health approach;(2)underscore the reasons of optimizing the dengue control and prevention program;(3)highlight the alignment of China's dengue control strategies with the One Health framework;(4)contribute to global efforts in combating dengue,providing scientific evidence and strategic recommendations for other regions facing similar challenges.Results:Through a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews,this study found China's approach to dengue control and prevention implemented through a hierarchical system led by the government,with collaborative efforts across multiple departments.This multi-sectoral collaboration mechanism enables the technical interventions well executed by health and disease control institutions,optimizing the integration of multiple costeffeteness approaches,such as case management,early detection and outbreak response,reducing local transmission,and minimizing severe cases and fatalities.It was found that community participation and public health education have played a vital role in raising awareness,promoting personal protective measures,and enhancing the overall effectiveness of control efforts.The implementation of these integrated interventions has resulted in reduced dengue cases and improved capacity of outbreak response.China's dengue control strategies under the One Health framework,with focus on interdisciplinary collaboration,incorporated environmental and ecological interventions,which reduced mosquito breeding sites and improved sanitation.The findings of the review underscore the need for continuous improvement in early warning systems,scientific research,and the adoption of the One Health approach to address emerging challenges posed by climate change and the cross-border spread of infectious diseases.Conclusion:China's dengue control and prevention programs provide a compelling case study for the effective application of the One Health approach.By systematically analyzing the integration of multidisciplinary strategies,this review reveals valuable lessons on optimizing public health responses to vector-borne diseases.The alignment of these strategies with One Health principles not only enhances the effectiveness of dengue control efforts in China but also offers a framework that can be adapted by other regions facing similar challenges.Ultimately,the insights gained from this analysis contribute to the global fight against dengue,emphasizing the need for collaborative and holistic approaches in public health initiatives.展开更多
Approximately half of the world’s population is at the risk of at least one vector-borne parasitic disease.The survival of intermediate hosts of vector-borne parasitic diseases is governed by various environmental fa...Approximately half of the world’s population is at the risk of at least one vector-borne parasitic disease.The survival of intermediate hosts of vector-borne parasitic diseases is governed by various environmental factors,and remote sensing can be used to characterize and monitor environmental factors related to intermediate host breeding and reproduction,and become a powerful means to monitor the vector-borne parasitic diseases.Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that menaces human health.Oncomelaniahupensis(snail)is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma,so monitoring and controlling the number of snail is key to reduce the risk of schistosomiasis transmission.In this paper,Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 2 MSI data had been used to obtain the environmental factors(vegetation,soil,temperature,terrain et al.),which are related to the multiplying and transmission of intermediate host.Then this study used T-S(Takagi-Sugeno)Fuzzy RS model to establish a new suitable index membership function due to the different RS data,and a long time series monitoring of snail distribution in Dongting Lake from 2014 to 2018 was achieved.A comparative analysis was performed to validate the predicted results against the field survey data.The results demonstrated the accuracy of the developed model in predicting the distribution of snails.展开更多
Neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)are a group of diseases associated with poverty that affect over 1 billion people worldwide(1).On May 31,2021,the World Health Assembly(WHA)officially recognized January 30 as World Ne...Neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)are a group of diseases associated with poverty that affect over 1 billion people worldwide(1).On May 31,2021,the World Health Assembly(WHA)officially recognized January 30 as World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day through decision WHA74(18).This designation aims to raise awareness about the severe impact of NTDs on disadvantaged populations and to mobilize support for control,elimination,and eradication efforts.展开更多
Schistosomiasis was one of the most prevalent severe infectious diseases in China.Most ot the control plans implemented were based on local settings;thus,the national schistosomiasis control program involved different...Schistosomiasis was one of the most prevalent severe infectious diseases in China.Most ot the control plans implemented were based on local settings;thus,the national schistosomiasis control program involved different control phases.These included a working mechanism based on multisectoral cooperation which involved government at all levels,communities,and professionals.It also involved updating the technical strategies and interventions through intensive research,to provide adequate support for programs at different stageswith changing natural and social features.To commemorate the 61st anniversary of publishing Chairman Mao Zedong's two poems titled Farewell to the God of Plague,we have distilled lessons leamt from national schistosomiasis control programs,which could be transferred to other endemic countries.Based on this work,we published a series of articles to demonstrate the successive programs in different areas or levels in China,and also discussed how best to apply those successive experiences into African countries where schistosomiasis is still a public health problem.There are three major lessons learnt from the Chinese national schistosomiasis control program over the last six decades:(1) sustained commitment by the Chinese governments,from central to local levels;(2) continuous update of control strategies and interventions applied at the village level,based on local settings;and (3) maintaining surveillance-response systems implementation in programs at all levels.With sustained efforts,only 37,000 patients including 2.9% advanced patient cases were found in the country,with six provinces out of the 12 endemic provinces yet to achieve transmission interruption,based on the epidemiological report in 2017.Therefore,Chinese experiences in disease control program are sufficient to promote disease control programs in other developing countries,which would also improve the visibility of Chinese contribution to the world disease control programs.Pursuit of this global engagement will also provide the impetus to maintain our surveillance-response capacity in the post-elimination stage.展开更多
Purpose This multicenter qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions of clinicians and research ethics boards(REBs)regarding ethical issues in Investigator Initiated Trials(IITs).Methods Between February and Ap...Purpose This multicenter qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions of clinicians and research ethics boards(REBs)regarding ethical issues in Investigator Initiated Trials(IITs).Methods Between February and April 2024,semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 participants from 15 tertiary hospitals,including clinical doctors and members of REBs.Responses were grouped and analyzed using a descriptive phenomenological approach.Results Clinicians expressed challenges in navigating the formal review process due to limited access to information and unclear guidelines.Academic review highlighted a deficiency in research literacy among clinical investigators,leading to flawed study design.Ethical review revealed concerns about inadequate ethical awareness among clini-cians,resulting in failed ethical approvals.Moreover,delays in review processes and resource shortages were noted,hindering the efficient conduct of IITs.Conclusion The findings underscore the need for comprehensive training programs to enhance clinicians’research literacy and ethical awareness.Establishing a comprehensive system to support IITs,including enhanced guidance and support from REBs,is essential to ensure the quality and integrity of IITs in China.展开更多
Background:Schistosomiasis is a water-borne disease caused by trematode worms belonging to genus Schistosoma,which is prevalent most of the developing world.Transmission of the disease is usually associated with multi...Background:Schistosomiasis is a water-borne disease caused by trematode worms belonging to genus Schistosoma,which is prevalent most of the developing world.Transmission of the disease is usually associated with multiple biological characteristics and social factors but also factors can play a role.Few studies have assessed the exact and interactive influence of each factor promoting schistosomiasis transmission.Methods:We used a series of different detectors(i.e.,specific detector,risk detector,ecological detector and interaction detector)to evaluate separate and interactive effects of the environmental factors on schistosomiasis prevalence.Specifically,(i)specific detector quantifies the impact of a risk factor on an observed spatial disease pattern,which were ranked statistically by a value of Power of Determinate(PD)calculation;(ii)risk detector detects high risk areas of a disease on the condition that the study area is stratified by a potential risk factor;(iii)ecological detector explores whether a risk factor is more significant than another in controlling the spatial pattern of a disease;(iv)interaction detector probes whether two risk factors when taken together weaken or enhance one another,or whether they are independent in developing a disease.Infection data of schistosomiasis based on conventional surveys were obtained at the county level from the health authorities in Anhui Province,China and used in combination with information from Chinese weather stations and internationally available environmental data.Results:The specific detector identified various factors of potential importance as follows:Proximity to Yangtze River(0.322)>Land cover(0.285)>sunshine hours(0.256)>population density(0.109)>altitude(0.090)>the normalized different vegetation index(NDVI)(0.077)>land surface temperature at daytime(LST_(day))(0.007).The risk detector indicated that areas of schistosomiasis high risk were located within a buffer distance of 50 km from Yangtze River.The ecological detector disclosed that the factors investigated have significantly different effects.The interaction detector revealed that interaction between the factors enhanced their main effects in most cases.Conclusion:Proximity to Yangtze River had the strongest effect on schistosomiasis prevalence followed by land cover and sunshine hours,while the remaining factors had only weak influence.Interaction between factors played an even more important role in influencing schistosomiasis prevalence than each factor on its own.High risk regions influenced by strong interactions need to be targeted for disease control intervention.展开更多
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. Although VL was controlled in several regions of China during the last century, the mountain-type zoonotic visceral lei...Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. Although VL was controlled in several regions of China during the last century, the mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) has reemerged in the hilly areas of China in recent decades. The purpose of this study was to construct an indicator framework for assessing the risk of the MT-ZVL in China, and to provide guidance for preventing disease.Methods: Based on a literature review and expert interview, a 3-level indicator framework was initially established in November 2021, and 28 experts were selected to perform two rounds of consultation using the Delphi method. The comprehensive weight of the tertiary indicators was determined by the Delphi and the entropy weight methods.Results: Two rounds of Delphi consultation were conducted. Four primary indicators, 11 secondary indicators, and 35 tertiary indicators were identified. The Delphi-entropy weight method was performed to calculate the comprehensive weight of the tertiary indicators. The normalized weights of the primary indicators were 0.268, 0.261, 0.242, and 0.229, respectively, for biological factors, interventions, environmental factors, and social factors. The normalized weights of the top four secondary indicators were 0.122, 0.120, 0.098, and 0.096, respectively, for climatic features, geographical features, sandflies, and dogs. Among the tertiary indicators, the top four normalized comprehensive weights were the population density of sandflies (0.076), topography (0.057), the population density of dogs, including tethering (0.056), and use of bed nets or other protective measures (0.056).Conclusions: An indicator framework of transmission risk assessment for MT-ZVL was established using the Delphientropy weight method. The framework provides a practical tool to evaluate transmission risk in endemic areas.展开更多
Schistosomiasis japonica is caused by infection of Schistosoma japonicum(S.japonicum),which infected 12 million residents in the 1950s in China and was a heavy burden to public health and socioeconomic development(1)....Schistosomiasis japonica is caused by infection of Schistosoma japonicum(S.japonicum),which infected 12 million residents in the 1950s in China and was a heavy burden to public health and socioeconomic development(1).After more than seven decades of effort to control schistosomiasis,the prevalence of schistosomiasis has been reduced dramatically in China.Among the 450 endemic counties(including city and district-level jurisdictions),74.89%(337/450),21.87%(98/450),and 3.33%(15/450)have achieved the criteria of elimination,transmission interruption,and transmission control of schistosomiasis,respectively.As the overall endemic status of schistosomiasis remains at a low level,the strategies shifted from snail control to morbidity control and then to an integrated strategy that emphasized infection source control.However,being a vector-borne and zoonotic disease,schistosomiasis japonica is intricately linked to multiple factors including biological,natural,and socioeconomic risk factors.In order to eliminate schistosomiasis earlier and more thoroughly,the One Health approach should be adopted,which focuses on solving complex health problems from a macro-level perspective of interactions among human,animal,and environment,emphasizing multi-institution,interdisciplinary,and cross-regional collaboration and communication.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Morbidity and prevalence of several major parasitic diseases have been declining in China.To reduce the disease burden of parasitic diseases and protect public health security,co...What is already known about this topic?Morbidity and prevalence of several major parasitic diseases have been declining in China.To reduce the disease burden of parasitic diseases and protect public health security,conducting accurate diagnoses following timely treatment is important.What is added by this report?In the national competition held in 2019.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Neurocysticercosis is the most severe form of infection caused by ingesting cysticerci,the larval cysts of the pork tapeworm,Taenia solium.Approximately 50 million people...Summary What is already known about this topic?Neurocysticercosis is the most severe form of infection caused by ingesting cysticerci,the larval cysts of the pork tapeworm,Taenia solium.Approximately 50 million people worldwide have neurocysticercosis,which is the leading cause of acquired epilepsy in many endemic countries.What is added by this report?The health of neurocysticercosis patients can be seriously impaired,including through loss of mobility,inability to do self-care,impairment of usual activities,pain/discomfort,anxiety/depression,and impaired cognition.Cognitive impairment is the major consequence of neurocysticercosis and significant contributor to decreased health-related quality of life.Our study made the first estimate of disability weight from neurocysticercosis as a key parameter for disease burden assessment in China.What are the implications for public health practice?To prevent severe health outcomes from neurocysticercosis in China,it is necessary to improve public awareness of neurocysticercosis and relevant health behaviors.展开更多
The advent and development of genome editing technology has opened up the possibility of directly targeting and modifying genomic sequences in the field of life sciences with rapid developments occurring in the last d...The advent and development of genome editing technology has opened up the possibility of directly targeting and modifying genomic sequences in the field of life sciences with rapid developments occurring in the last decade.As a powerful tool to decipher genome data at the molecular biology level,genome editing technology has made important contributions to elucidating many biological problems.Currently,the three most widely used genome editing technologies include:zinc finger nucleases(ZFN),transcription activator like effector nucleases(TALEN),and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR).Researchers are still striving to create simpler,more efficient,and accurate techniques,such as engineered base editors and new CRISPR/Cas systems,to improve editing efficiency and reduce off-target rate,as well as a near-PAMless SpCas9 variants to expand the scope of genome editing.As one of the important animal protein sources,fish has significant economic value in aquaculture.In addition,fish is indispensable for research as it serves as the evolutionary link between invertebrates and higher vertebrates.Consequently,genome editing technologies were applied extensively in various fish species for basic functional studies as well as applied research in aquaculture.In this review,we focus on the application of genome editing technologies in fish species detailing growth,gender,and pigmentation traits.In addition,we have focused on the construction of a zebrafish(Danio rerio)disease model and high-throughput screening of functional genes.Finally,we provide some of the future perspectives of this technology.展开更多
Background:One Health has become a global consensus to deal with complex health problems.However,the pro‑gress of One Health implementation in many countries is still relatively slow,and there is a lack of systematic ...Background:One Health has become a global consensus to deal with complex health problems.However,the pro‑gress of One Health implementation in many countries is still relatively slow,and there is a lack of systematic evalua‑tion index.The purpose of this study was to establish an indicator framework for global One Health Intrinsic Drivers index(GOH-IDI)to evaluate human,animal and environmental health development process globally.Method:First,82 studies were deeply analyzed by a grounded theory(GT)method,including open coding,axial coding,and selective coding,to establish a three-level indicator framework,which was composed of three selective codes,19 axial codes,and 79 open codes.Then,through semi-structured interviews with 28 health-related experts,the indicators were further integrated and simplifed according to the inclusion criteria of the indicators.Finally,the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process combined with the entropy weight method was used to assign weights to the indi‑cators,thus,forming the evaluation indicator framework of human,animal and environmental health development process.Results:An indicator framework for GOH-IDI was formed consisting of three selective codes,15 axial codes and 61 open codes.There were six axial codes for“Human Health”,of which“Infectious Diseases”had the highest weight(19.76%)and“Injuries and Violence”had the lowest weight(11.72%).There were four axial codes for“Animal Health”,of which“Animal Epidemic Disease”had the highest weight(39.28%)and“Animal Nutritional Status”had the low‑est weight(11.59%).Five axial codes were set under“Environmental Health”,among which,“Air Quality and Climate Change”had the highest weight(22.63%)and“Hazardous Chemicals”had the lowest weight(17.82%).Conclusions:An indicator framework for GOH-IDI was established in this study.The framework were universal,balanced,and scientifc,which hopefully to be a tool for evaluation of the joint development of human,animal and environmental health in diferent regions globally.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Visceral leishmaniasis(VL),transmitted by sandflies,is a zoonotic disease of public health importance in central and western China.What is added by this report?A number of VL hot...What is already known about this topic?Visceral leishmaniasis(VL),transmitted by sandflies,is a zoonotic disease of public health importance in central and western China.What is added by this report?A number of VL hotspots were identified in the border areas of Shanxi-Hebei,Shanxi-Shaanxi,Gansu-Sichuan,as well as the southern Xinjiang provinciallevel administrative division(PLAD).Mountain zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(MT-ZVL)expanded rapidly in the mountainous regions of Shaanxi,Shanxi,Henan,Hebei,Beijing,and Gansu PLADs from 2011 to 2022.A notable resurgence of MT-ZVL has occurred,with 671 cases in 66 historically endemic counties.What are the implications for public health practice?Actions are recommended to restrain the rapid expansion of MT-ZVL:Firstly,implement One Health approaches,such as timely diagnosis and treatment of patients,promoting insecticide-impregnated dog collars,and restraining the number of dogs in endemic areas.Secondly,surveillance-response systems for sandflies and infective dogs in potential risk areas should be strengthened.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?China’s“1-3-7”approach outlines specific targets to guide and monitor the processes of case reporting,investigation,and response.However,few studies have examined the time int...What is already known about this topic?China’s“1-3-7”approach outlines specific targets to guide and monitor the processes of case reporting,investigation,and response.However,few studies have examined the time intervals preceding the initial step,and the timeline from the arrival of imported malaria cases in China to their diagnosis has been largely overlooked.What is added by this report?The study demonstrated that the median duration from arrival in China to the onset of symptoms for P.ovale was 78 days,with 71.59%of imported cases manifesting symptoms after more than one month.For P.vivax,the median interval was 42 days,with 55.91%exceeding one month.Additionally,the median time from symptom onset to malaria treatment in China between 2014 and 2021 was 2 days,with an interquartile range(IQR)of 1-4 days.What are the implications for public health practice?This study represents the initial effort to delineate the chronology of imported malaria cases,from their arrival in China to their subsequent treatment.The results underscore the importance of providing malaria health education to populations arriving from overseas.Furthermore,enhancing physician training is crucial for improving the diagnosis of malaria.展开更多
Background: In areas where malaria has been eliminated, delayed care-seeking and diagnosis of imported malaria are constant threats. This study aimed to describe the profile and determinants of delayed care-seeking an...Background: In areas where malaria has been eliminated, delayed care-seeking and diagnosis of imported malaria are constant threats. This study aimed to describe the profile and determinants of delayed care-seeking and diagnosis among patients with imported malaria in China.Methods: This retrospective study assessed surveillance data obtained from 2014 to 2021 in the Chinese provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) of Anhui, Henan, Hubei, and Zhejiang, and Guangxi. Epidemiological characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Furthermore, factors associated with delayed care-seeking and diagnosis among imported malaria cases were identified using multivariate logistic regression.Results: Overall, 11.81% and 30.08% of imported malaria cases had delays in seeking care and diagnosis, respectively. During the study period, there was a decreasing trend in the proportion of imported malaria cases with delayed care-seeking (χ^(2) = 36.099,P < 0.001) and diagnosis (χ^(2) = 11.395,P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors associated with delayed care-seeking include PLADs (Guangxi as reference), consultations in high-level facilities for the first medical visit, infections with non-Plasmodium falciparum species, and older age. However, PLADs (Guangxi as reference), the purpose of traveling (labour as reference), and infections with non-P. falciparum species increased the risk of delayed diagnosis. Delayed care-seeking (adjusted odds ratio: 1.79,P = 0.001) and diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio: 1.62,P = 0.004) were risk factors for severe disease development.Conclusions: Based on this study’s findings, we strongly advocate for improved access to quality healthcare to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis at the first visit. Infections caused by non-P. falciparum species should be highlighted, and more sensitive and specific point-of-care detection methods for non-P. falciparum species should be developed and implemented. In addition, education programs should be enhanced to reach target populations at risk of malaria infection. All these factors may reduce delayed care-seeking and diagnosis of imported malaria.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)is an important vectorborne disease in rural areas of western China.The spreading of VL made its prevention and control become more complicated.What is ...What is already known about this topic?Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)is an important vectorborne disease in rural areas of western China.The spreading of VL made its prevention and control become more complicated.What is added by this report?The number of VL cases decreased from 2015(n=498)to 2019(n=166).However,the mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(MT-ZVL)cases increased from 2015(n=82,16.5%)to 2019(n=122,73.5%).In addition,both number and proportion of imported cases increased from 2015(n=18,3.6%)to 2019(n=41,24.7%).The re-emergence of MT-ZVL was considerable;13 historically-endemic counties reported 48 indigenous cases.Infants and young children were the high risk population of VL(848,62.4%)followed by farmers(303,22.3%).What are the implications for public health practice?Both MT-ZVL and imported cases showed an increasing trend in China.Therefore,two actions are needed to control VL:1)to prevent re-emergence and spreading of MT-ZVL;and 2)to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment to avoid fatal VL cases,especially in non-endemic areas.展开更多
基金supported by China Medical Board[No.20–365]Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation[No.INV-046218]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.72204160].
文摘Background:In the 21st century,as globalization accelerates and global public health crises occur,the One Health approach,guided by the holistic thinking of human-animal-environment and emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to address global health issues,has been strongly advocated by the international community.An immediate requirement exists for the creation of an assessment tool to foster One Health initiatives on both global and national scales.Methods:Built upon extensive expert consultations and dialogues,this follow-up study enhances the 2022 global One Health index(GOHI)indicator system.The GOHI framework is enriched by covering three indices,e.g.external drivers index(EDI),intrinsic drivers index(IDI),and core drivers index(CDI).The comprehensive indicator system incorporates 13 key indicators,50 indicators,and 170 sub I-indicators,utilizing a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to ascertain the weight for each indicator.Weighted and summed,the EDI,IDI,and CDI scores contribute to the computation of the overall GOHI 2022 score.By comparing the ranking and the overall scores among the seven regions and across 160 countries/territories,we have not only derived an overall profile of the GOHI 2022 scores,but also assessed the GOHI framework.We also compared rankings of indicators and sub Iindicators to provide greater clarity on the strengths and weaknesses of each region within the One Health domains.Results:The GOHI 2022 performance reveals significant disparities between countries/territories ranged from 39.03 to 70.61.The global average score of the GOHI 2022 is 54.82.The average score for EDI,IDI,and CDI are 46.57,58.01,and 57.25,respectively.In terms of global rankings,countries from North America,Europe and Central Asia,East Asia and Pacific present higher scores.In terms of One Health domains of CDI,the lowest scores are observed in antimicrobial resistance(median:43.09),followed by food security(median:53.78),governance(median:54.77),climate change(median:64.12)and zoonotic diseases(median:69.23).Globally,the scores of GOHI vary spatially,with the highest score in North America while lowest in sub-Saharan Africa.In addition,evidence shows associations between the socio-demographic profile of countries/territories and their GOHI performance in certain One Health scenarios.Conclusion:The objective of GOHI is to guide impactful strategies for enhancing capacity building in One Health.With advanced technology and an annually updated database,intensifying efforts to refine GOHI's data-mining methodologies become imperative.The goal is to offer profound insights into disparities and progressions in practical One Health implementation,particularly in anticipation of future pandemics.
文摘The burden of schistosomiasis remains a global public health problem,especially in sub-Saharan Africa despite progress in terms of morbidity control.Successful control efforts achieved by China in the last six decades came with considerable experience and lessons that could benefit schistosomiasis control programs in other endemic countries.China's role and commitment to global health cooperation has become increasingly important;this has created a platform for partnership with developing partners for the establishment of Forum on China-Africa health cooperation which prioritizes the pursuit of global elimination target for schistosomiasis and malaria,control of HIV/AIDS,and improved access to reproductive health care.Chinese government's commitment towards achieving schistosomiasis elimination in Africa prompted the establishment of Institution-based Network on China-Africa Cooperation for Schistosomiasis Elimination (INCAS),by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases to promote schistosomiasis elimination in Africa.Schistosomiasis experts from six provincial institutions and counterparts from 10 African countries participated in the first workshop on China-Africa cooperation for Schistosomiasis Elimination in Africa at Lilongwe,Malawi,in 2015.Experts at the inaugural meeting shared experiences from their national schistosomiasis control programs,as well as identified areas for collaborative synergy targeting schistosomiasis elimination in Africa.The establishment of INCAS,which comprises of 28 member-institutions from China and Africa,was proposed at this meeting.We,therefore,provide information on INCAS activities,cooperation mechanism,as well as assess the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats as we target schistosomiasis elimination in Africa using the INCAS platform.
基金This work was supported by the Fifth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai(No.GWV-10.1-XK13)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32161143036)the National Special Science and Technology Project for Major Infectious Diseases of China(Grant No.2016ZX10004222-004).
文摘Objective:To determine the spatiotemporal distribution of Schistosoma(S.)japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and Oncomelania(O.)hupensis across the endemic foci of China.Methods:Based on multi-stage continuous downscaling of sentinel monitoring,county-based schistosomiasis surveillance data were captured from the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China from 2005 to 2019.The data included S.japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and O.hupensis.The spatiotemporal trends for schistosomiasis were detected using a Joinpoint regression model,with a standard deviational ellipse(SDE)tool,which determined the central tendency and dispersion in the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis.Further,more spatiotemporal clusters of S.japonicum infections in humans,livestock,and O.hupensis were evaluated by the Poisson model.Results:The prevalence of S.japonicum human infections decreased from 2.06%to zero based on data of the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites of China from 2005 to 2019,with a reduction from 9.42%to zero for the prevalence of S.japonicum infections in livestock,and from 0.26%to zero for the prevalence of S.japonicum infections in O.hupensis.Analysis using an SDE tool showed that schistosomiasis-affected regions were reduced yearly from 2005 to 2014 in the endemic provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,and Anhui,as well as in the Poyang and Dongting Lake regions.Poisson model revealed 11 clusters of S.japonicum human infections,six clusters of S.japonicum infections in livestock,and nine clusters of S.japonicum infections in O.hupensis.The clusters of human infection were highly consistent with clusters of S.japonicum infections in livestock and O.hupensis.They were in the 5 provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui,and Jiangsu,as well as along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Humans,livestock,and O.hupensis infections with S.japonicum were mainly concentrated in the north of the Hunan Province,south of the Hubei Province,north of the Jiangxi Province,and southwestern portion of Anhui Province.In the 2 mountainous provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan,human,livestock,and O.hupensis infections with S.japonicum were mainly concentrated in the northwestern portion of the Yunnan Province,the Daliangshan area in the south of Sichuan Province,and the hilly regions in the middle of Sichuan Province.Conclusions:A remarkable decline in the disease prevalence of S.japonicum infection was observed in endemic schistosomiasis in China between 2005 and 2019.However,there remains a long-term risk of transmission in local areas,with the highest-risk areas primarily in Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake regions,requiring to focus on vigilance against the rebound of the epidemic.Development of high-sensitivity detection methods and integrating the transmission links such as human and livestock infection,wild animal infection,and O.hupensis into the surveillance-response system will ensure the elimination of schistosomiasis in China by 2030.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2300800,2021YFC2300804)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32161143036).
文摘One Health is an interdisciplinary approach that promotes the resolution of complex health issues through collaboration across multiple disciplines. In addition to accountability, the One Health governance structure fosters shared understanding, trust, and an appreciation for diverse perspectives and requirements. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current integration of the One Health approach within China's existing health governance framework. It also proposes strategies for further improvement, with emphasis on the level of implementation and contributions to the advancement of One Health governance through an examination of current health policies.
基金supported by the National Parasitic Resources Center,the Ministry of Science and Technology fund(grant number NPRC-2019-194-30)the International Joint Laboratory on Tropical Diseases Control in Greater Mekong Subregion(grant number 21410750200)+3 种基金Hainan Province Health Technology Innovation Joint Project(grant number WSJK2024MS226)the Three-Year Public Health Action Plan(No.2023-2025)of Shanghai(grant numbers GWVI-11.1-12,GWVI-11.2-XD33)Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(grant numbers 2022FY100900,2022FY100904)Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(grant number B2404002).
文摘Background:The emergence of dengue fever has prompted significant public health responses,highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of One Health in addressing vector-borne diseases.China's experience in dengue control and prevention programs offers valuable insights into the successful integration of multidisciplinary strategies.Aims:The review aims to:(1)systematically analyze lessons from China's dengue control and prevention programs,focusing on the integration of these efforts with the One Health approach;(2)underscore the reasons of optimizing the dengue control and prevention program;(3)highlight the alignment of China's dengue control strategies with the One Health framework;(4)contribute to global efforts in combating dengue,providing scientific evidence and strategic recommendations for other regions facing similar challenges.Results:Through a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews,this study found China's approach to dengue control and prevention implemented through a hierarchical system led by the government,with collaborative efforts across multiple departments.This multi-sectoral collaboration mechanism enables the technical interventions well executed by health and disease control institutions,optimizing the integration of multiple costeffeteness approaches,such as case management,early detection and outbreak response,reducing local transmission,and minimizing severe cases and fatalities.It was found that community participation and public health education have played a vital role in raising awareness,promoting personal protective measures,and enhancing the overall effectiveness of control efforts.The implementation of these integrated interventions has resulted in reduced dengue cases and improved capacity of outbreak response.China's dengue control strategies under the One Health framework,with focus on interdisciplinary collaboration,incorporated environmental and ecological interventions,which reduced mosquito breeding sites and improved sanitation.The findings of the review underscore the need for continuous improvement in early warning systems,scientific research,and the adoption of the One Health approach to address emerging challenges posed by climate change and the cross-border spread of infectious diseases.Conclusion:China's dengue control and prevention programs provide a compelling case study for the effective application of the One Health approach.By systematically analyzing the integration of multidisciplinary strategies,this review reveals valuable lessons on optimizing public health responses to vector-borne diseases.The alignment of these strategies with One Health principles not only enhances the effectiveness of dengue control efforts in China but also offers a framework that can be adapted by other regions facing similar challenges.Ultimately,the insights gained from this analysis contribute to the global fight against dengue,emphasizing the need for collaborative and holistic approaches in public health initiatives.
基金Dragon 4 ESA-MOST Cooperation programme(Project ID.32260)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41301495)。
文摘Approximately half of the world’s population is at the risk of at least one vector-borne parasitic disease.The survival of intermediate hosts of vector-borne parasitic diseases is governed by various environmental factors,and remote sensing can be used to characterize and monitor environmental factors related to intermediate host breeding and reproduction,and become a powerful means to monitor the vector-borne parasitic diseases.Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that menaces human health.Oncomelaniahupensis(snail)is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma,so monitoring and controlling the number of snail is key to reduce the risk of schistosomiasis transmission.In this paper,Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 2 MSI data had been used to obtain the environmental factors(vegetation,soil,temperature,terrain et al.),which are related to the multiplying and transmission of intermediate host.Then this study used T-S(Takagi-Sugeno)Fuzzy RS model to establish a new suitable index membership function due to the different RS data,and a long time series monitoring of snail distribution in Dongting Lake from 2014 to 2018 was achieved.A comparative analysis was performed to validate the predicted results against the field survey data.The results demonstrated the accuracy of the developed model in predicting the distribution of snails.
基金This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program.China(Grant No.2021YFC2300800,2021YFC2300803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32161143036,No.62261160387,No.82173633).
文摘Neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)are a group of diseases associated with poverty that affect over 1 billion people worldwide(1).On May 31,2021,the World Health Assembly(WHA)officially recognized January 30 as World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day through decision WHA74(18).This designation aims to raise awareness about the severe impact of NTDs on disadvantaged populations and to mobilize support for control,elimination,and eradication efforts.
文摘Schistosomiasis was one of the most prevalent severe infectious diseases in China.Most ot the control plans implemented were based on local settings;thus,the national schistosomiasis control program involved different control phases.These included a working mechanism based on multisectoral cooperation which involved government at all levels,communities,and professionals.It also involved updating the technical strategies and interventions through intensive research,to provide adequate support for programs at different stageswith changing natural and social features.To commemorate the 61st anniversary of publishing Chairman Mao Zedong's two poems titled Farewell to the God of Plague,we have distilled lessons leamt from national schistosomiasis control programs,which could be transferred to other endemic countries.Based on this work,we published a series of articles to demonstrate the successive programs in different areas or levels in China,and also discussed how best to apply those successive experiences into African countries where schistosomiasis is still a public health problem.There are three major lessons learnt from the Chinese national schistosomiasis control program over the last six decades:(1) sustained commitment by the Chinese governments,from central to local levels;(2) continuous update of control strategies and interventions applied at the village level,based on local settings;and (3) maintaining surveillance-response systems implementation in programs at all levels.With sustained efforts,only 37,000 patients including 2.9% advanced patient cases were found in the country,with six provinces out of the 12 endemic provinces yet to achieve transmission interruption,based on the epidemiological report in 2017.Therefore,Chinese experiences in disease control program are sufficient to promote disease control programs in other developing countries,which would also improve the visibility of Chinese contribution to the world disease control programs.Pursuit of this global engagement will also provide the impetus to maintain our surveillance-response capacity in the post-elimination stage.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0133100)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0118)。
文摘Purpose This multicenter qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions of clinicians and research ethics boards(REBs)regarding ethical issues in Investigator Initiated Trials(IITs).Methods Between February and April 2024,semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 participants from 15 tertiary hospitals,including clinical doctors and members of REBs.Responses were grouped and analyzed using a descriptive phenomenological approach.Results Clinicians expressed challenges in navigating the formal review process due to limited access to information and unclear guidelines.Academic review highlighted a deficiency in research literacy among clinical investigators,leading to flawed study design.Ethical review revealed concerns about inadequate ethical awareness among clini-cians,resulting in failed ethical approvals.Moreover,delays in review processes and resource shortages were noted,hindering the efficient conduct of IITs.Conclusion The findings underscore the need for comprehensive training programs to enhance clinicians’research literacy and ethical awareness.Establishing a comprehensive system to support IITs,including enhanced guidance and support from REBs,is essential to ensure the quality and integrity of IITs in China.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673239)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.81325017)+1 种基金Chang Jiang Scholars Program(No.T2014089)the Fourth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai,China(15GWZK0202,15GWZK0101).
文摘Background:Schistosomiasis is a water-borne disease caused by trematode worms belonging to genus Schistosoma,which is prevalent most of the developing world.Transmission of the disease is usually associated with multiple biological characteristics and social factors but also factors can play a role.Few studies have assessed the exact and interactive influence of each factor promoting schistosomiasis transmission.Methods:We used a series of different detectors(i.e.,specific detector,risk detector,ecological detector and interaction detector)to evaluate separate and interactive effects of the environmental factors on schistosomiasis prevalence.Specifically,(i)specific detector quantifies the impact of a risk factor on an observed spatial disease pattern,which were ranked statistically by a value of Power of Determinate(PD)calculation;(ii)risk detector detects high risk areas of a disease on the condition that the study area is stratified by a potential risk factor;(iii)ecological detector explores whether a risk factor is more significant than another in controlling the spatial pattern of a disease;(iv)interaction detector probes whether two risk factors when taken together weaken or enhance one another,or whether they are independent in developing a disease.Infection data of schistosomiasis based on conventional surveys were obtained at the county level from the health authorities in Anhui Province,China and used in combination with information from Chinese weather stations and internationally available environmental data.Results:The specific detector identified various factors of potential importance as follows:Proximity to Yangtze River(0.322)>Land cover(0.285)>sunshine hours(0.256)>population density(0.109)>altitude(0.090)>the normalized different vegetation index(NDVI)(0.077)>land surface temperature at daytime(LST_(day))(0.007).The risk detector indicated that areas of schistosomiasis high risk were located within a buffer distance of 50 km from Yangtze River.The ecological detector disclosed that the factors investigated have significantly different effects.The interaction detector revealed that interaction between the factors enhanced their main effects in most cases.Conclusion:Proximity to Yangtze River had the strongest effect on schistosomiasis prevalence followed by land cover and sunshine hours,while the remaining factors had only weak influence.Interaction between factors played an even more important role in influencing schistosomiasis prevalence than each factor on its own.High risk regions influenced by strong interactions need to be targeted for disease control intervention.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFC2300800,2021YFC2300804)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32161143036).
文摘Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. Although VL was controlled in several regions of China during the last century, the mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) has reemerged in the hilly areas of China in recent decades. The purpose of this study was to construct an indicator framework for assessing the risk of the MT-ZVL in China, and to provide guidance for preventing disease.Methods: Based on a literature review and expert interview, a 3-level indicator framework was initially established in November 2021, and 28 experts were selected to perform two rounds of consultation using the Delphi method. The comprehensive weight of the tertiary indicators was determined by the Delphi and the entropy weight methods.Results: Two rounds of Delphi consultation were conducted. Four primary indicators, 11 secondary indicators, and 35 tertiary indicators were identified. The Delphi-entropy weight method was performed to calculate the comprehensive weight of the tertiary indicators. The normalized weights of the primary indicators were 0.268, 0.261, 0.242, and 0.229, respectively, for biological factors, interventions, environmental factors, and social factors. The normalized weights of the top four secondary indicators were 0.122, 0.120, 0.098, and 0.096, respectively, for climatic features, geographical features, sandflies, and dogs. Among the tertiary indicators, the top four normalized comprehensive weights were the population density of sandflies (0.076), topography (0.057), the population density of dogs, including tethering (0.056), and use of bed nets or other protective measures (0.056).Conclusions: An indicator framework of transmission risk assessment for MT-ZVL was established using the Delphientropy weight method. The framework provides a practical tool to evaluate transmission risk in endemic areas.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82073619)the Fifth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai(No.GWV-10.1-XK13).
文摘Schistosomiasis japonica is caused by infection of Schistosoma japonicum(S.japonicum),which infected 12 million residents in the 1950s in China and was a heavy burden to public health and socioeconomic development(1).After more than seven decades of effort to control schistosomiasis,the prevalence of schistosomiasis has been reduced dramatically in China.Among the 450 endemic counties(including city and district-level jurisdictions),74.89%(337/450),21.87%(98/450),and 3.33%(15/450)have achieved the criteria of elimination,transmission interruption,and transmission control of schistosomiasis,respectively.As the overall endemic status of schistosomiasis remains at a low level,the strategies shifted from snail control to morbidity control and then to an integrated strategy that emphasized infection source control.However,being a vector-borne and zoonotic disease,schistosomiasis japonica is intricately linked to multiple factors including biological,natural,and socioeconomic risk factors.In order to eliminate schistosomiasis earlier and more thoroughly,the One Health approach should be adopted,which focuses on solving complex health problems from a macro-level perspective of interactions among human,animal,and environment,emphasizing multi-institution,interdisciplinary,and cross-regional collaboration and communication.
基金National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82073619).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Morbidity and prevalence of several major parasitic diseases have been declining in China.To reduce the disease burden of parasitic diseases and protect public health security,conducting accurate diagnoses following timely treatment is important.What is added by this report?In the national competition held in 2019.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32161143036)the Fifth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai(No.GWV-10.1-XK13)the National Special Science and Technology Project for Major Infectious Diseases of China(Grant No.2016ZX10004222-004).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Neurocysticercosis is the most severe form of infection caused by ingesting cysticerci,the larval cysts of the pork tapeworm,Taenia solium.Approximately 50 million people worldwide have neurocysticercosis,which is the leading cause of acquired epilepsy in many endemic countries.What is added by this report?The health of neurocysticercosis patients can be seriously impaired,including through loss of mobility,inability to do self-care,impairment of usual activities,pain/discomfort,anxiety/depression,and impaired cognition.Cognitive impairment is the major consequence of neurocysticercosis and significant contributor to decreased health-related quality of life.Our study made the first estimate of disability weight from neurocysticercosis as a key parameter for disease burden assessment in China.What are the implications for public health practice?To prevent severe health outcomes from neurocysticercosis in China,it is necessary to improve public awareness of neurocysticercosis and relevant health behaviors.
基金This work was supported by Guangzhou Science and Technology Project[No.201803020017]National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.31902427]China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[No.2018M631016].
文摘The advent and development of genome editing technology has opened up the possibility of directly targeting and modifying genomic sequences in the field of life sciences with rapid developments occurring in the last decade.As a powerful tool to decipher genome data at the molecular biology level,genome editing technology has made important contributions to elucidating many biological problems.Currently,the three most widely used genome editing technologies include:zinc finger nucleases(ZFN),transcription activator like effector nucleases(TALEN),and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR).Researchers are still striving to create simpler,more efficient,and accurate techniques,such as engineered base editors and new CRISPR/Cas systems,to improve editing efficiency and reduce off-target rate,as well as a near-PAMless SpCas9 variants to expand the scope of genome editing.As one of the important animal protein sources,fish has significant economic value in aquaculture.In addition,fish is indispensable for research as it serves as the evolutionary link between invertebrates and higher vertebrates.Consequently,genome editing technologies were applied extensively in various fish species for basic functional studies as well as applied research in aquaculture.In this review,we focus on the application of genome editing technologies in fish species detailing growth,gender,and pigmentation traits.In addition,we have focused on the construction of a zebrafish(Danio rerio)disease model and high-throughput screening of functional genes.Finally,we provide some of the future perspectives of this technology.
文摘Background:One Health has become a global consensus to deal with complex health problems.However,the pro‑gress of One Health implementation in many countries is still relatively slow,and there is a lack of systematic evalua‑tion index.The purpose of this study was to establish an indicator framework for global One Health Intrinsic Drivers index(GOH-IDI)to evaluate human,animal and environmental health development process globally.Method:First,82 studies were deeply analyzed by a grounded theory(GT)method,including open coding,axial coding,and selective coding,to establish a three-level indicator framework,which was composed of three selective codes,19 axial codes,and 79 open codes.Then,through semi-structured interviews with 28 health-related experts,the indicators were further integrated and simplifed according to the inclusion criteria of the indicators.Finally,the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process combined with the entropy weight method was used to assign weights to the indi‑cators,thus,forming the evaluation indicator framework of human,animal and environmental health development process.Results:An indicator framework for GOH-IDI was formed consisting of three selective codes,15 axial codes and 61 open codes.There were six axial codes for“Human Health”,of which“Infectious Diseases”had the highest weight(19.76%)and“Injuries and Violence”had the lowest weight(11.72%).There were four axial codes for“Animal Health”,of which“Animal Epidemic Disease”had the highest weight(39.28%)and“Animal Nutritional Status”had the low‑est weight(11.59%).Five axial codes were set under“Environmental Health”,among which,“Air Quality and Climate Change”had the highest weight(22.63%)and“Hazardous Chemicals”had the lowest weight(17.82%).Conclusions:An indicator framework for GOH-IDI was established in this study.The framework were universal,balanced,and scientifc,which hopefully to be a tool for evaluation of the joint development of human,animal and environmental health in diferent regions globally.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82473688)National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFC2300800,2021YFC2300804)Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY100900,2022FY100904).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Visceral leishmaniasis(VL),transmitted by sandflies,is a zoonotic disease of public health importance in central and western China.What is added by this report?A number of VL hotspots were identified in the border areas of Shanxi-Hebei,Shanxi-Shaanxi,Gansu-Sichuan,as well as the southern Xinjiang provinciallevel administrative division(PLAD).Mountain zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(MT-ZVL)expanded rapidly in the mountainous regions of Shaanxi,Shanxi,Henan,Hebei,Beijing,and Gansu PLADs from 2011 to 2022.A notable resurgence of MT-ZVL has occurred,with 671 cases in 66 historically endemic counties.What are the implications for public health practice?Actions are recommended to restrain the rapid expansion of MT-ZVL:Firstly,implement One Health approaches,such as timely diagnosis and treatment of patients,promoting insecticide-impregnated dog collars,and restraining the number of dogs in endemic areas.Secondly,surveillance-response systems for sandflies and infective dogs in potential risk areas should be strengthened.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32161143036).
文摘What is already known about this topic?China’s“1-3-7”approach outlines specific targets to guide and monitor the processes of case reporting,investigation,and response.However,few studies have examined the time intervals preceding the initial step,and the timeline from the arrival of imported malaria cases in China to their diagnosis has been largely overlooked.What is added by this report?The study demonstrated that the median duration from arrival in China to the onset of symptoms for P.ovale was 78 days,with 71.59%of imported cases manifesting symptoms after more than one month.For P.vivax,the median interval was 42 days,with 55.91%exceeding one month.Additionally,the median time from symptom onset to malaria treatment in China between 2014 and 2021 was 2 days,with an interquartile range(IQR)of 1-4 days.What are the implications for public health practice?This study represents the initial effort to delineate the chronology of imported malaria cases,from their arrival in China to their subsequent treatment.The results underscore the importance of providing malaria health education to populations arriving from overseas.Furthermore,enhancing physician training is crucial for improving the diagnosis of malaria.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 32161143036).
文摘Background: In areas where malaria has been eliminated, delayed care-seeking and diagnosis of imported malaria are constant threats. This study aimed to describe the profile and determinants of delayed care-seeking and diagnosis among patients with imported malaria in China.Methods: This retrospective study assessed surveillance data obtained from 2014 to 2021 in the Chinese provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) of Anhui, Henan, Hubei, and Zhejiang, and Guangxi. Epidemiological characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Furthermore, factors associated with delayed care-seeking and diagnosis among imported malaria cases were identified using multivariate logistic regression.Results: Overall, 11.81% and 30.08% of imported malaria cases had delays in seeking care and diagnosis, respectively. During the study period, there was a decreasing trend in the proportion of imported malaria cases with delayed care-seeking (χ^(2) = 36.099,P < 0.001) and diagnosis (χ^(2) = 11.395,P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors associated with delayed care-seeking include PLADs (Guangxi as reference), consultations in high-level facilities for the first medical visit, infections with non-Plasmodium falciparum species, and older age. However, PLADs (Guangxi as reference), the purpose of traveling (labour as reference), and infections with non-P. falciparum species increased the risk of delayed diagnosis. Delayed care-seeking (adjusted odds ratio: 1.79,P = 0.001) and diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio: 1.62,P = 0.004) were risk factors for severe disease development.Conclusions: Based on this study’s findings, we strongly advocate for improved access to quality healthcare to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis at the first visit. Infections caused by non-P. falciparum species should be highlighted, and more sensitive and specific point-of-care detection methods for non-P. falciparum species should be developed and implemented. In addition, education programs should be enhanced to reach target populations at risk of malaria infection. All these factors may reduce delayed care-seeking and diagnosis of imported malaria.
基金Supported by the National Critical Project for Science and Technology on Infectious Diseases of China(No.2017ZX10303404).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)is an important vectorborne disease in rural areas of western China.The spreading of VL made its prevention and control become more complicated.What is added by this report?The number of VL cases decreased from 2015(n=498)to 2019(n=166).However,the mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(MT-ZVL)cases increased from 2015(n=82,16.5%)to 2019(n=122,73.5%).In addition,both number and proportion of imported cases increased from 2015(n=18,3.6%)to 2019(n=41,24.7%).The re-emergence of MT-ZVL was considerable;13 historically-endemic counties reported 48 indigenous cases.Infants and young children were the high risk population of VL(848,62.4%)followed by farmers(303,22.3%).What are the implications for public health practice?Both MT-ZVL and imported cases showed an increasing trend in China.Therefore,two actions are needed to control VL:1)to prevent re-emergence and spreading of MT-ZVL;and 2)to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment to avoid fatal VL cases,especially in non-endemic areas.
