Bladder cancer(BCa)is the most prevalent urological cancer worldwide[1].A significant proportion of BCa(89%)exhibits molecular alterations in the cell cycle pathway,and targeting cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6(CDK4/...Bladder cancer(BCa)is the most prevalent urological cancer worldwide[1].A significant proportion of BCa(89%)exhibits molecular alterations in the cell cycle pathway,and targeting cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6(CDK4/6)is deemed as a promising therapeutic strategy[2].Selective inhibitors of CDK4/6(CDK4/6is)have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)[3].展开更多
Recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL)has become an important reproductive health issue worldwide.RPL affects about 2%–3%of reproductive-aged women,and makes serious threats to women’s physical and mental health.However,the ...Recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL)has become an important reproductive health issue worldwide.RPL affects about 2%–3%of reproductive-aged women,and makes serious threats to women’s physical and mental health.However,the etiology of approximately 50%of RPL cases remains unknown(unexplained RPL),which poses a big challenge for clinical management of these patients.RPL has been widely regarded as a complex disease where its etiology has been attributed to numerous factors.Heretofore,various risk factors for RPL have been identified,such as maternal ages,genetic factors,anatomical structural abnormalities,endocrine dysfunction,prethrombotic state,immunological factors,and infection.More importantly,development and applications of next generation sequencing technology have significantly expanded opportunities to discover chromosomal aberrations and single gene variants responsible for RPL,which provides new insight into its pathogenic mechanisms.Furthermore,based upon patients’diagnostic evaluation and etiologic diagnosis,specific therapeutic recommendations have been established.This review will highlight current understanding and recent advances on RPL,with a special focus on the immunological and genetic etiologies,clinical diagnosis and therapeutic management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Fund of China(82002688,U20A20385)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693828)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Scientific Research Development Fund of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-Z22030)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3801000).
文摘Bladder cancer(BCa)is the most prevalent urological cancer worldwide[1].A significant proportion of BCa(89%)exhibits molecular alterations in the cell cycle pathway,and targeting cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6(CDK4/6)is deemed as a promising therapeutic strategy[2].Selective inhibitors of CDK4/6(CDK4/6is)have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)[3].
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0801403)National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(32170612).
文摘Recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL)has become an important reproductive health issue worldwide.RPL affects about 2%–3%of reproductive-aged women,and makes serious threats to women’s physical and mental health.However,the etiology of approximately 50%of RPL cases remains unknown(unexplained RPL),which poses a big challenge for clinical management of these patients.RPL has been widely regarded as a complex disease where its etiology has been attributed to numerous factors.Heretofore,various risk factors for RPL have been identified,such as maternal ages,genetic factors,anatomical structural abnormalities,endocrine dysfunction,prethrombotic state,immunological factors,and infection.More importantly,development and applications of next generation sequencing technology have significantly expanded opportunities to discover chromosomal aberrations and single gene variants responsible for RPL,which provides new insight into its pathogenic mechanisms.Furthermore,based upon patients’diagnostic evaluation and etiologic diagnosis,specific therapeutic recommendations have been established.This review will highlight current understanding and recent advances on RPL,with a special focus on the immunological and genetic etiologies,clinical diagnosis and therapeutic management.
