The increasing attention on deep learning has tremendously spurred the design of intelligence processing hardware. The variety of emerging intelligence processors requires standard benchmarks for fair comparison and s...The increasing attention on deep learning has tremendously spurred the design of intelligence processing hardware. The variety of emerging intelligence processors requires standard benchmarks for fair comparison and system optimization （in both software and hardware）. However, existing benchmarks are unsuitable for benchmarking intelligence processors due to their non-diversity and nonrepresentativeness. Also, the lack of a standard benchmarking methodology further exacerbates this problem. In this paper, we propose BENCHIP, a benchmark suite and benchmarking methodology for intelligence processors. The benchmark suite in BENCHIP consists of two sets of benchmarks： microbenchmarks and macrobenchmarks. The microbenchmarks consist of single-layer networks, They are mainly designed for bottleneck analysis and system optimization. The macrobenchmarks contain state-of-the-art industrial networks, so as to offer a realistic comparison of different platforms. We also propose a standard benchmarking methodology built upon an industrial software stack and evaluation metrics that comprehensively reflect various characteristics of the evaluated intelligence processors, BENCHIP is utilized for evaluating various hardware platforms, including CPUs, GPUs, and accelerators. BENCHIP will be open-sourced soon.展开更多
Bone defects arising from a variety of reasons cannot be treated effectively without bone tissue reconstruction.Autografts and allografts have been used in clinical application for some time,but they have disadvantage...Bone defects arising from a variety of reasons cannot be treated effectively without bone tissue reconstruction.Autografts and allografts have been used in clinical application for some time,but they have disadvantages.With the inherent drawback in the precision and reproducibility of conventional scaffold fabrication techniques,the results of bone surgery may not be ideal.This is despite the introduction of bone tissue engineering which provides a powerful approach for bone repair.Rapid prototyping technologies have emerged as an alternative and have been widely used in bone tissue engineering,enhancing bone tissue regeneration in terms of mechanical strength,pore geometry,and bioactive factors,and overcoming some of the disadvantages of conventional technologies.This review focuses on the basic principles and characteristics of various fabrication technologies,such as stereolithography,selective laser sintering,and fused deposition modeling,and reviews the application of rapid prototyping techniques to scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.In the near future,the use of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering prepared by rapid prototyping technology might be an effective therapeutic strategy for bone defects.展开更多
A nickel-based catalyst was employed for the first time in the crossing-coupling of indenoindoles with bromo-/iodoarenes. A simple and practical method was provided for the synthesis of N-aryl substituted indenoindole...A nickel-based catalyst was employed for the first time in the crossing-coupling of indenoindoles with bromo-/iodoarenes. A simple and practical method was provided for the synthesis of N-aryl substituted indenoindole and the mechanism of this reaction was discussed.展开更多
基金This work is partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No. 2017YFB1003101, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61472396, 61432016, 61473275, 61522211, 61532016, 61521092, 61502446, 61672491, 61602441, 61602446, 61732002, and 61702478, Beijing Science and Technology Projects under Grant No. Z151100000915072, the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative （STS） Projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Basic Research 973 Program of China under Grant No. 2015CB358800.
文摘The increasing attention on deep learning has tremendously spurred the design of intelligence processing hardware. The variety of emerging intelligence processors requires standard benchmarks for fair comparison and system optimization （in both software and hardware）. However, existing benchmarks are unsuitable for benchmarking intelligence processors due to their non-diversity and nonrepresentativeness. Also, the lack of a standard benchmarking methodology further exacerbates this problem. In this paper, we propose BENCHIP, a benchmark suite and benchmarking methodology for intelligence processors. The benchmark suite in BENCHIP consists of two sets of benchmarks： microbenchmarks and macrobenchmarks. The microbenchmarks consist of single-layer networks, They are mainly designed for bottleneck analysis and system optimization. The macrobenchmarks contain state-of-the-art industrial networks, so as to offer a realistic comparison of different platforms. We also propose a standard benchmarking methodology built upon an industrial software stack and evaluation metrics that comprehensively reflect various characteristics of the evaluated intelligence processors, BENCHIP is utilized for evaluating various hardware platforms, including CPUs, GPUs, and accelerators. BENCHIP will be open-sourced soon.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.15JC1491003),China
文摘Bone defects arising from a variety of reasons cannot be treated effectively without bone tissue reconstruction.Autografts and allografts have been used in clinical application for some time,but they have disadvantages.With the inherent drawback in the precision and reproducibility of conventional scaffold fabrication techniques,the results of bone surgery may not be ideal.This is despite the introduction of bone tissue engineering which provides a powerful approach for bone repair.Rapid prototyping technologies have emerged as an alternative and have been widely used in bone tissue engineering,enhancing bone tissue regeneration in terms of mechanical strength,pore geometry,and bioactive factors,and overcoming some of the disadvantages of conventional technologies.This review focuses on the basic principles and characteristics of various fabrication technologies,such as stereolithography,selective laser sintering,and fused deposition modeling,and reviews the application of rapid prototyping techniques to scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.In the near future,the use of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering prepared by rapid prototyping technology might be an effective therapeutic strategy for bone defects.
文摘A nickel-based catalyst was employed for the first time in the crossing-coupling of indenoindoles with bromo-/iodoarenes. A simple and practical method was provided for the synthesis of N-aryl substituted indenoindole and the mechanism of this reaction was discussed.
