Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based catalysts.By introducing a third metal int...Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based catalysts.By introducing a third metal into NiFe-based catalysts to construct asymmetrical M-NiFe units,the d-orbital and electronic structures can be adjusted,which is an important strategy to achieve sufficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance in AEMWEs.Herein,the ternary NiFeM(M:La,Mo)catalysts featured with distinct M-NiFe units and varying d-orbitals are reported in this work.Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the doping of La leads to optimized hybridization between d orbital in NiFeM and 2p in oxygen,resulting in enhanced adsorption strength of oxygen intermediates,and reduced rate-determining step energy barrier,which is responsible for the enhanced OER performance.More critically,the obtained NiFeLa catalyst only requires 1.58 V to reach 1 A cm^(−2) in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer and demonstrates excellent long-term stability of up to 600 h.展开更多
Objective:The open-label,phase II RATIONALE-209 study evaluated tislelizumab(anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody)as a tissue-agnostic monotherapy for microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)/mismatch repair-de...Objective:The open-label,phase II RATIONALE-209 study evaluated tislelizumab(anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody)as a tissue-agnostic monotherapy for microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)/mismatch repair-deficient(dMMR)tumors.Methods:Adults with previously treated,locally advanced unresectable or metastatic MSI-H/dMMR solid tumors were enrolled.Patients received tislelizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks.Objective response rate(ORR;primary endpoint),duration of response(DoR),and progression-free survival(PFS)were assessed by independent review committee(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1).Results:Eighty patients were enrolled and treated;75(93.8%)patients had measurable disease at baseline.Most had metastatic disease and received at least one prior therapy for advanced/metastatic disease(n=79;98.8%).At primary analysis(data cutoff July 8,2021;median follow-up 15.2 months),overall ORR[46.7%;95%confidence interval(95%CI),35.1−58.6;one-sided P<0.0001]and ORR across tumor-specific subgroups[colorectal(n=46):39.1%(95%CI,25.1–54.6);gastric/gastroesophageal junction(n=9):55.6%(95%CI,21.2−86.3);others(n=20):60.0%(95%CI,36.1−80.9)]were significantly greater with tislelizumab vs.a prespecified historical control ORR of 10%;five(6.7%)patients had complete responses.Median DoR,PFS,and overall survival were not reached with long-term follow-up(data cutoff December 5,2022;median follow-up 28.9 months).Tislelizumab was well tolerated with no unexpected safety signals.Treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)of grade≥3 occurred in 53.8%of patients;7.5%of patients discontinued treatment due to TRAEs.Conclusions:Tislelizumab demonstrated a significant ORR improvement in patients with previously treated,locally advanced unresectable or metastatic MSI-H/dMMR tumors and was generally well tolerated.展开更多
In electrocatalysis,two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted extensive interests due to their unique electronic structure and physical properties.In recent years,many efforts have been devoted to improving the cata...In electrocatalysis,two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted extensive interests due to their unique electronic structure and physical properties.In recent years,many efforts have been devoted to improving the catalytic activity of 2D materials.However,the stability of 2D materials under catalytic conditions,as a critical issue,requires better understanding for any practical applications.This review summarizes recent progress in electrocatalytic stability of 2D materials,including four intrinsic factors that affect the stability of 2D materials:1.Weak interactions between 2D catalyst and substrate;2,delamination of 2D catalyst layers;3.metastable phase of 2D materials;4.chemistry and environmental instability of 2D materials.Meanwhile,some corresponding solutions are summarized for each factor.In addition,this review proposes potential routes for developing 2D catalytic materials with both high activity and stability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the association between gestational age,birth weight,and esophageal cancer risk;however,causality remains debated.We aimed to establish causal links between genetic gestational...BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the association between gestational age,birth weight,and esophageal cancer risk;however,causality remains debated.We aimed to establish causal links between genetic gestational age and birth weight traits and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),Barrett’s esophagus(BE),and esophageal adenocarcinoma(EA).Additionally,we explored if known risk factors mediate these links.AIM To analyze of the relationship between gestational age,birth weight and GERD,BE,and EA.METHODS Genetic data on gestational age and birth weight(n=84689 and 143677)from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium and outcomes for GERD(n=467253),BE(n=56429),and EA(n=21271)from genome-wide association study served as instrumental variables.Mendelian randomization(MR)and mediation analyses were conducted using MR-Egger,weighted median,and inverse variance weighted methods.Robustness was ensured through heterogeneity,pleiotropy tests,and sensitivity analyses.RESULTS Birth weight was negatively correlated with GERD and BE risk[odds ratio(OR)=0.78;95%confidence interval(CI):0.69-0.8]and(OR=0.75;95%CI:0.60-0.9),respectively,with no significant association with EA.No causal link was found between gestational age and outcomes.Birth weight was positively correlated with five risk factors:Educational attainment(OR=1.15;95%CI:1.01-1.31),body mass index(OR=1.06;95%CI:1.02-1.1),height(OR=1.12;95%CI:1.06-1.19),weight(OR=1.13;95%CI:1.10-1.1),and alcoholic drinks per week(OR=1.03;95%CI:1.00-1.06).Mediation analysis showed educational attainment and height mediated the birth weight-BE link by 13.99%and 5.46%.CONCLUSION Our study supports the protective role of genetically predicted birth weight against GERD,BE,and EA,independent of gestational age and partially mediated by educational attainment and height.展开更多
最佳线性无偏估计(BLUE,Best Linear Unbiased Estimation)滤波用于雷达目标跟踪时,有计算量小,置信度高等优点.但是当互斜距测量误差较大时,BLUE滤波会产生非高斯转换量测,导致跟踪精度降低.为解决此问题,对其量测转换模型进行修正:通...最佳线性无偏估计(BLUE,Best Linear Unbiased Estimation)滤波用于雷达目标跟踪时,有计算量小,置信度高等优点.但是当互斜距测量误差较大时,BLUE滤波会产生非高斯转换量测,导致跟踪精度降低.为解决此问题,对其量测转换模型进行修正:通过引入方位预测,减小方位误差三角函数的非线性影响,得到准高斯分布的转换量测.分析视线坐标系下BLUE滤波的性能,推导引入方位预测的条件,给出改进算法工作流程.推导三坐标雷达下的滤波模型参数,提出转换量测高斯化水平的评估指标并仿真证明:改进算法的转换量测更逼近高斯分布,因此跟踪性能更好,而计算量只有轻微增加.本算法思想同样适用于其他非线性误差较大的场合,对解决类似问题有借鉴意义.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22309137,22279095)Open subject project State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies(FZ2023001).
文摘Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based catalysts.By introducing a third metal into NiFe-based catalysts to construct asymmetrical M-NiFe units,the d-orbital and electronic structures can be adjusted,which is an important strategy to achieve sufficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance in AEMWEs.Herein,the ternary NiFeM(M:La,Mo)catalysts featured with distinct M-NiFe units and varying d-orbitals are reported in this work.Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the doping of La leads to optimized hybridization between d orbital in NiFeM and 2p in oxygen,resulting in enhanced adsorption strength of oxygen intermediates,and reduced rate-determining step energy barrier,which is responsible for the enhanced OER performance.More critically,the obtained NiFeLa catalyst only requires 1.58 V to reach 1 A cm^(−2) in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer and demonstrates excellent long-term stability of up to 600 h.
基金sponsored by BeiGene.Third-party medical writing assistance was provided by Ghina Yaacoub,MSc,of Ashfield MedComms,an Inizio Company,and funded by BeiGene.
文摘Objective:The open-label,phase II RATIONALE-209 study evaluated tislelizumab(anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody)as a tissue-agnostic monotherapy for microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)/mismatch repair-deficient(dMMR)tumors.Methods:Adults with previously treated,locally advanced unresectable or metastatic MSI-H/dMMR solid tumors were enrolled.Patients received tislelizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks.Objective response rate(ORR;primary endpoint),duration of response(DoR),and progression-free survival(PFS)were assessed by independent review committee(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1).Results:Eighty patients were enrolled and treated;75(93.8%)patients had measurable disease at baseline.Most had metastatic disease and received at least one prior therapy for advanced/metastatic disease(n=79;98.8%).At primary analysis(data cutoff July 8,2021;median follow-up 15.2 months),overall ORR[46.7%;95%confidence interval(95%CI),35.1−58.6;one-sided P<0.0001]and ORR across tumor-specific subgroups[colorectal(n=46):39.1%(95%CI,25.1–54.6);gastric/gastroesophageal junction(n=9):55.6%(95%CI,21.2−86.3);others(n=20):60.0%(95%CI,36.1−80.9)]were significantly greater with tislelizumab vs.a prespecified historical control ORR of 10%;five(6.7%)patients had complete responses.Median DoR,PFS,and overall survival were not reached with long-term follow-up(data cutoff December 5,2022;median follow-up 28.9 months).Tislelizumab was well tolerated with no unexpected safety signals.Treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)of grade≥3 occurred in 53.8%of patients;7.5%of patients discontinued treatment due to TRAEs.Conclusions:Tislelizumab demonstrated a significant ORR improvement in patients with previously treated,locally advanced unresectable or metastatic MSI-H/dMMR tumors and was generally well tolerated.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China,China (Nos.2022YFA1505200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China (Nos.21872114,92163103,and 21972121)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (Nos.20720210017 and 20720210009)。
文摘In electrocatalysis,two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted extensive interests due to their unique electronic structure and physical properties.In recent years,many efforts have been devoted to improving the catalytic activity of 2D materials.However,the stability of 2D materials under catalytic conditions,as a critical issue,requires better understanding for any practical applications.This review summarizes recent progress in electrocatalytic stability of 2D materials,including four intrinsic factors that affect the stability of 2D materials:1.Weak interactions between 2D catalyst and substrate;2,delamination of 2D catalyst layers;3.metastable phase of 2D materials;4.chemistry and environmental instability of 2D materials.Meanwhile,some corresponding solutions are summarized for each factor.In addition,this review proposes potential routes for developing 2D catalytic materials with both high activity and stability.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81860379 and No.81560345Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province,No.20223BBG71009。
文摘BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the association between gestational age,birth weight,and esophageal cancer risk;however,causality remains debated.We aimed to establish causal links between genetic gestational age and birth weight traits and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),Barrett’s esophagus(BE),and esophageal adenocarcinoma(EA).Additionally,we explored if known risk factors mediate these links.AIM To analyze of the relationship between gestational age,birth weight and GERD,BE,and EA.METHODS Genetic data on gestational age and birth weight(n=84689 and 143677)from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium and outcomes for GERD(n=467253),BE(n=56429),and EA(n=21271)from genome-wide association study served as instrumental variables.Mendelian randomization(MR)and mediation analyses were conducted using MR-Egger,weighted median,and inverse variance weighted methods.Robustness was ensured through heterogeneity,pleiotropy tests,and sensitivity analyses.RESULTS Birth weight was negatively correlated with GERD and BE risk[odds ratio(OR)=0.78;95%confidence interval(CI):0.69-0.8]and(OR=0.75;95%CI:0.60-0.9),respectively,with no significant association with EA.No causal link was found between gestational age and outcomes.Birth weight was positively correlated with five risk factors:Educational attainment(OR=1.15;95%CI:1.01-1.31),body mass index(OR=1.06;95%CI:1.02-1.1),height(OR=1.12;95%CI:1.06-1.19),weight(OR=1.13;95%CI:1.10-1.1),and alcoholic drinks per week(OR=1.03;95%CI:1.00-1.06).Mediation analysis showed educational attainment and height mediated the birth weight-BE link by 13.99%and 5.46%.CONCLUSION Our study supports the protective role of genetically predicted birth weight against GERD,BE,and EA,independent of gestational age and partially mediated by educational attainment and height.
文摘最佳线性无偏估计(BLUE,Best Linear Unbiased Estimation)滤波用于雷达目标跟踪时,有计算量小,置信度高等优点.但是当互斜距测量误差较大时,BLUE滤波会产生非高斯转换量测,导致跟踪精度降低.为解决此问题,对其量测转换模型进行修正:通过引入方位预测,减小方位误差三角函数的非线性影响,得到准高斯分布的转换量测.分析视线坐标系下BLUE滤波的性能,推导引入方位预测的条件,给出改进算法工作流程.推导三坐标雷达下的滤波模型参数,提出转换量测高斯化水平的评估指标并仿真证明:改进算法的转换量测更逼近高斯分布,因此跟踪性能更好,而计算量只有轻微增加.本算法思想同样适用于其他非线性误差较大的场合,对解决类似问题有借鉴意义.
