Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Icariin has been shown to enhance erectile function through its bioactive form, icarisid Ih This study investigates the effects of icarisid Ⅱ ...Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Icariin has been shown to enhance erectile function through its bioactive form, icarisid Ih This study investigates the effects of icarisid Ⅱ on diabetic rats with ED and its potential mechanism viathe assessment of advanced glycosylation end products （AGEs）, autophagy, mTOR and the NO-cGMP pathway. Icarisid Ⅱ was extracted from icariin by an enzymatic method. In the control and diabetic ED groups, rats were administered normal saline; in the icarisid Ⅱ group, rats were administered icarisid Ⅱ intragastrically. Erectile function was evaluated by measuring intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure （ICP/MAP）. AGE concentrations, nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity and cGMP concentration were assessed by enzyme immunoassay. Cell proliferation was analysed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and flow cytometry. Autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy, monodansylcadaverine staining and GFP-LC3 Iocalisation. The expression of NOS isoforms and key proteins in autophagy were examined by western blot. Our results have shown that Icarisid Ⅱ increased ICP/MAP values, the smooth muscle cell （SMC） growth curve, S phase and SMC/collagen fibril （SMC/CF） proportions and decreased Beclin 1 （P〈0.05）. Icarisid Ⅱ significantly increased the proliferative index and p-p70S6K（Thr389） levels and decreased the numbers of autophagosomes and the levels of LC3-11 （P〈0.01）. Icarisid Ⅱ decreased AGE concentrations and increased cGMP concentration, NOS activity （P〈0.05） and cNOS levels （P〈0.01） in the diabetic ED group. Therefore, Icarisid Ⅱ constitutes a promising compound for diabetic ED and might be involved in the upregulation of SMC proliferation and the NO-cGMP pathway and the downregulation of AGEs, autophagy and the mTOR pathway.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects approximately 50%of all humans globally.Persistent H.pylori infection causes multiple gastric and extragastric diseases,indicating the importance of early diagnosis and timely trea...Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects approximately 50%of all humans globally.Persistent H.pylori infection causes multiple gastric and extragastric diseases,indicating the importance of early diagnosis and timely treatment.H.pylori eradication produces dramatic changes in the gastric mucosa,resulting in restored function.Consequently,to better understand the importance of H.pylori eradication and clarify the subsequent recovery of gastric mucosal functions after eradication,we summarize histological,endoscopic,and gastric microbiota changes to assess the therapeutic effects on the gastric mucosa.展开更多
BACKGROUND The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for treating early signet ring cell carcinoma(SRC)is controversial due to the risk of lymph node metastasis.AIM To carry out a meta-analysis to evaluate ESD f...BACKGROUND The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for treating early signet ring cell carcinoma(SRC)is controversial due to the risk of lymph node metastasis.AIM To carry out a meta-analysis to evaluate ESD for therapeutic efficacy and safety in early signet ring cell gastric cancer.METHODS The PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and EMBASE databases were used to search for relevant studies evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and safety of ESD in SRC.The rates of recurrence,complete resection,incomplete resection,curative resection,en bloc resection,and adverse events were extracted and analyzed.The methodological quality of the enrolled studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Publication bias was evaluated by the Egger’s test.Institutional review board approval and written consent were not needed for this report.RESULTS This meta-analysis enrolled seven studies with 653 participants undergoing ESD treatment for early SRC.The overall recurrence rate was 0.010[95%confidence interval(CI):0.000-0.040,Z=1.422,P=0.155].The total lymph-ovascular invasion rate was 0.038(95%CI:0.007-0.088,Z=3.026,P=0.002).The total en bloc resection rate was estimated at 0.984(95%CI:0.925-1.000,Z=19.463,P=0.000).The total complete and incomplete resection rates were estimated at 0.785(95%CI:0.596-0.928,Z=9.789,P=0.000)and 0.188(95%CI:0.016-0.468,Z=2.531,P=0.011),respectively.The total procedureassociated gastric hemorrhage and perforation rates were estimated at 0.026(95%CI:0.005-0.061,Z=3.006 P=0.003)and 0.004(95%CI:0.000-0.028,Z=0.938,P=0.348),respectively.The curative resection,vertical margin invasion,and lateral margin invasion rates were 72.1%(145/341),2.3%(8/348),and 34.45%(41/119),respectively.CONCLUSION ESD constitutes a promising therapeutic approach for early undifferentiated SRC gastric cancer.However,further improvements are required for increasing its treatment efficacy and reducing adverse outcomes.展开更多
The insect group ll chitinase(ChtIl,also known as Cht10)is a unique chitinasewith multiple catalytic and chitin-binding domains.It has been proven genetically to be anessential chitinase for molting.However,Chtll'...The insect group ll chitinase(ChtIl,also known as Cht10)is a unique chitinasewith multiple catalytic and chitin-binding domains.It has been proven genetically to be anessential chitinase for molting.However,Chtll's role in chitin degradation during insectdevelopment remains poorly understood.Obtaining this knowledge is the key to fullyunderstanding the chitin degradation system in insects.Here,we investigated the roleof OfChtll during the molting of Ostrinia furnacalis,a model lepidopteran pest insect.OfChtll was expressed earlier than OfChtI(OfCht5)and OfChi-h,at both the gene andprotein levels during larva-pupa molting as evidenced by quantitative polymerase chainreaction and western blot analyses.A truncated OfChtII,OfChtII-B4C1,was recombinantlyexpressed in Pichia pastoris cells and purified to homogeneity.The recombinant OfChtll-B4C1 loosened compacted chitin particles and produced holes in the cuticle surface asevidenced by scanning electron microscopy.It synergized with OfChtl and OfChi-h whenhydrolyzing insoluble a-chitin.These findings suggested an important role for ChtIl duringinsect molting and also provided a strategy for the coordinatdd degradation of cuticularchitin during insect molting by Chtll,Chtl and Chi-h.展开更多
文摘Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Icariin has been shown to enhance erectile function through its bioactive form, icarisid Ih This study investigates the effects of icarisid Ⅱ on diabetic rats with ED and its potential mechanism viathe assessment of advanced glycosylation end products （AGEs）, autophagy, mTOR and the NO-cGMP pathway. Icarisid Ⅱ was extracted from icariin by an enzymatic method. In the control and diabetic ED groups, rats were administered normal saline; in the icarisid Ⅱ group, rats were administered icarisid Ⅱ intragastrically. Erectile function was evaluated by measuring intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure （ICP/MAP）. AGE concentrations, nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity and cGMP concentration were assessed by enzyme immunoassay. Cell proliferation was analysed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and flow cytometry. Autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy, monodansylcadaverine staining and GFP-LC3 Iocalisation. The expression of NOS isoforms and key proteins in autophagy were examined by western blot. Our results have shown that Icarisid Ⅱ increased ICP/MAP values, the smooth muscle cell （SMC） growth curve, S phase and SMC/collagen fibril （SMC/CF） proportions and decreased Beclin 1 （P〈0.05）. Icarisid Ⅱ significantly increased the proliferative index and p-p70S6K（Thr389） levels and decreased the numbers of autophagosomes and the levels of LC3-11 （P〈0.01）. Icarisid Ⅱ decreased AGE concentrations and increased cGMP concentration, NOS activity （P〈0.05） and cNOS levels （P〈0.01） in the diabetic ED group. Therefore, Icarisid Ⅱ constitutes a promising compound for diabetic ED and might be involved in the upregulation of SMC proliferation and the NO-cGMP pathway and the downregulation of AGEs, autophagy and the mTOR pathway.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.722211A00352.
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects approximately 50%of all humans globally.Persistent H.pylori infection causes multiple gastric and extragastric diseases,indicating the importance of early diagnosis and timely treatment.H.pylori eradication produces dramatic changes in the gastric mucosa,resulting in restored function.Consequently,to better understand the importance of H.pylori eradication and clarify the subsequent recovery of gastric mucosal functions after eradication,we summarize histological,endoscopic,and gastric microbiota changes to assess the therapeutic effects on the gastric mucosa.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.8177030774.
文摘BACKGROUND The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for treating early signet ring cell carcinoma(SRC)is controversial due to the risk of lymph node metastasis.AIM To carry out a meta-analysis to evaluate ESD for therapeutic efficacy and safety in early signet ring cell gastric cancer.METHODS The PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and EMBASE databases were used to search for relevant studies evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and safety of ESD in SRC.The rates of recurrence,complete resection,incomplete resection,curative resection,en bloc resection,and adverse events were extracted and analyzed.The methodological quality of the enrolled studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Publication bias was evaluated by the Egger’s test.Institutional review board approval and written consent were not needed for this report.RESULTS This meta-analysis enrolled seven studies with 653 participants undergoing ESD treatment for early SRC.The overall recurrence rate was 0.010[95%confidence interval(CI):0.000-0.040,Z=1.422,P=0.155].The total lymph-ovascular invasion rate was 0.038(95%CI:0.007-0.088,Z=3.026,P=0.002).The total en bloc resection rate was estimated at 0.984(95%CI:0.925-1.000,Z=19.463,P=0.000).The total complete and incomplete resection rates were estimated at 0.785(95%CI:0.596-0.928,Z=9.789,P=0.000)and 0.188(95%CI:0.016-0.468,Z=2.531,P=0.011),respectively.The total procedureassociated gastric hemorrhage and perforation rates were estimated at 0.026(95%CI:0.005-0.061,Z=3.006 P=0.003)and 0.004(95%CI:0.000-0.028,Z=0.938,P=0.348),respectively.The curative resection,vertical margin invasion,and lateral margin invasion rates were 72.1%(145/341),2.3%(8/348),and 34.45%(41/119),respectively.CONCLUSION ESD constitutes a promising therapeutic approach for early undifferentiated SRC gastric cancer.However,further improvements are required for increasing its treatment efficacy and reducing adverse outcomes.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0201207)Natural Science Foundation of China(31402015,31830076)+1 种基金the Open Research Project from State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests(SKLOF201801)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20180411143628272).
文摘The insect group ll chitinase(ChtIl,also known as Cht10)is a unique chitinasewith multiple catalytic and chitin-binding domains.It has been proven genetically to be anessential chitinase for molting.However,Chtll's role in chitin degradation during insectdevelopment remains poorly understood.Obtaining this knowledge is the key to fullyunderstanding the chitin degradation system in insects.Here,we investigated the roleof OfChtll during the molting of Ostrinia furnacalis,a model lepidopteran pest insect.OfChtll was expressed earlier than OfChtI(OfCht5)and OfChi-h,at both the gene andprotein levels during larva-pupa molting as evidenced by quantitative polymerase chainreaction and western blot analyses.A truncated OfChtII,OfChtII-B4C1,was recombinantlyexpressed in Pichia pastoris cells and purified to homogeneity.The recombinant OfChtll-B4C1 loosened compacted chitin particles and produced holes in the cuticle surface asevidenced by scanning electron microscopy.It synergized with OfChtl and OfChi-h whenhydrolyzing insoluble a-chitin.These findings suggested an important role for ChtIl duringinsect molting and also provided a strategy for the coordinatdd degradation of cuticularchitin during insect molting by Chtll,Chtl and Chi-h.
