The paper discusses the structural design of a futuristic 700℃ MS(Molten salt)Storage Shell,which considers many elements in providing an adequate and comprehensive design.In designing the structural carbon steel for...The paper discusses the structural design of a futuristic 700℃ MS(Molten salt)Storage Shell,which considers many elements in providing an adequate and comprehensive design.In designing the structural carbon steel for the tank,temperature is an important consideration because steel has a yield strength at 700℃,that is 33%of its nominal yield,while the Young’s Modulus at 700℃ is 50%of its nominal Young’s Modulus.At this temperature,thermal stresses can yield or tear the structural steel unless free expansion of the structure is allowed.This is accomplished with sand layers below each layer of steel and by including a small gap behind the side carbon steel layer.A roof shell design for the tank is also presented in this paper,comparing various roof shell types and their designs.All designs include thermal insulation and an inner stainless steel corrosion layer to protect the structural and thermal insulation elements of the tank from the MS.展开更多
In this paper a finite element structural analysis model—using COMSOL—of a large molten salt container,80 foot in diameter and 46 feet high that includes a four-foot elliptic shell roof,is presented for a futuristic...In this paper a finite element structural analysis model—using COMSOL—of a large molten salt container,80 foot in diameter and 46 feet high that includes a four-foot elliptic shell roof,is presented for a futuristic 700℃ design,which uses a highly stable chloride salt called SS700(SaltStream 700)that improves the efficiency of the tank when compared to the traditional 565℃.The resulting FEA(finite element analysis)computed the stresses induced in the tank,which includes the stresses that are due to the loading and due to the thermal expansion of the tank.A stress FEA model was developed using COMSOL Version 5.4 in order to determine the full thermal stress and total stress distribution of the 700℃ Cylindrical MS Storage Tank,as well as corresponding temperature distributions,which can be used to compare with the theoretical analysis and verify the final design.展开更多
In this paper a full theoretical thermal analysis of a large molten salt container,80-foot in diameter and 46-foot high,including a four-foot elliptic shell roof,is presented for two temperatures,the standard 565℃ an...In this paper a full theoretical thermal analysis of a large molten salt container,80-foot in diameter and 46-foot high,including a four-foot elliptic shell roof,is presented for two temperatures,the standard 565℃ and a futuristic 700℃,which substantially improves the efficiency of the molten salt containers through the use of a highly stable chloride salt called SS700(SaltStream 700).The theoretical analysis includes conductive and convective heat transfer analysis in the steel container,elliptic roof shell,the fiberglass insulation,and firebrick insulation,and includes thermal insulation designs to safeguard against energy losses at high temperatures.The underlying soil and the high temperature concrete foundation were analyzed theoretically using conductive heat transfer,however the area surrounding the soil surface around the bottom of the molten salt storage tank had convective heat transfer analysis included.The final designs presented in this paper seek to limit heat losses to a maximum of 250 W/m^(2) while being able to operate at a minimum external ambient temperature of-10℃,which determines the thicknesses of the fiberglass and firebrick insulation.展开更多
Excess energy from solar, nuclear or coal power stations can be stored in molten salts (MS) in the 565 °C range. At elevated temperature, large containers can be used to store energy for up to a week and generate...Excess energy from solar, nuclear or coal power stations can be stored in molten salts (MS) in the 565 °C range. At elevated temperature, large containers can be used to store energy for up to a week and generate eight hours or more, depending on the container size, of electricity to be used at night or during peak demand hours. A stable diurnal energy supply is made available by energy storage and the fluctuation experienced at thermal solar power stations caused by weather conditions is reduced. Supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR), this paper presents a survey of molten salt properties used in solar power storage, as well as the history of molten salt usage for energy storage and production. The history of molten salt usage includes past, current, and future developments involving molten salt usage for nuclear and solar energy storage and production. Density, melting temperature, viscosity, electric conductivity, surface tension, and heat capacity of various molten salts are discussed. Since costs are important factor in selecting a molten salt compound, salts costs are presented. Recommendations are made regarding the efficient use of various types of molten salt.展开更多
Excess energy from various sources can be stored in molten salts (MS) in the 565 °C range. Large containers can be used to store energy at excess temperatures in order to generate eight hours or more of electrici...Excess energy from various sources can be stored in molten salts (MS) in the 565 °C range. Large containers can be used to store energy at excess temperatures in order to generate eight hours or more of electricity, depending on the container size, to be used during peak demand hours or at night for up to a week. Energy storage allows for a stable diurnal energy supply and can reduce the fluctuation due to weather conditions experienced at thermal solar power stations. Supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR), this paper discusses the design considerations for molten salt storage tanks. An optimal molten salt storage tank design layout is presented, as well as alternative designs for the storage tanks. In addition, the costs and corrosion effects of various molten salts are discussed in order to show the effects these considerations have on the design process.展开更多
Supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR), this paper presents a survey of molten salt technology used in solar power storage. Excess energy from solar power stations and other baseline power production methods can ...Supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR), this paper presents a survey of molten salt technology used in solar power storage. Excess energy from solar power stations and other baseline power production methods can be stored in molten salts (MS) in the 565°C range, therefore allowing the use of large containers to store energy for up to a week and generate eight hours of electricity or more to be used during peak demand hours, at night, or adverse weather conditions, depending on the container size. The technology could also be used to conserve the spin off energy in the grids from nuclear or coal power production. Real life examples of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, both domestically and worldwide, are presented with details about the type of solar collection, capacity, and energy production. Commercial solar power stations have been constructed in the United States and overseas, particularly in Spain, with molten salt being considered for use in these facilities. Some facilities use a field of flat mirrors and collection towers while others use parabolic troughs.展开更多
In this paper a finite element thermal analysis model-using COMSOL-of a large molten salt container,80-foot in diameter and 46-foot high that includes a four-foot elliptic shell roof,is presented for a futuristic 700...In this paper a finite element thermal analysis model-using COMSOL-of a large molten salt container,80-foot in diameter and 46-foot high that includes a four-foot elliptic shell roof,is presented for a futuristic 700℃ design,which uses a highly stable chloride salt called SS700(SaltStream 700)that improves the efficiency of the tank when compared to the traditional 565℃.The FEA(finite element analysis)includes conductive and convective heat transfer analysis in the steel container,elliptic roof shell,the fiberglass insulation,and firebrick insulation,and includes thermal insulation designs to safeguard against energy losses at high temperatures.The underlying soil and the high temperature concrete foundation were analyzed by finite element using conductive heat transfer,however the area surrounding the soil surface around the bottom of the MS storage tank had convective heat transfer analysis included.The finite elements analyses presented are to verify the final fiberglass and firebrick insulation designs,which seeks to limit heat losses to a maximum of 250 W/m^(2) while being able to operate at a minimum external ambient temperature of-10℃.These results are also compared to previously calculated theoretical results.展开更多
文摘The paper discusses the structural design of a futuristic 700℃ MS(Molten salt)Storage Shell,which considers many elements in providing an adequate and comprehensive design.In designing the structural carbon steel for the tank,temperature is an important consideration because steel has a yield strength at 700℃,that is 33%of its nominal yield,while the Young’s Modulus at 700℃ is 50%of its nominal Young’s Modulus.At this temperature,thermal stresses can yield or tear the structural steel unless free expansion of the structure is allowed.This is accomplished with sand layers below each layer of steel and by including a small gap behind the side carbon steel layer.A roof shell design for the tank is also presented in this paper,comparing various roof shell types and their designs.All designs include thermal insulation and an inner stainless steel corrosion layer to protect the structural and thermal insulation elements of the tank from the MS.
文摘In this paper a finite element structural analysis model—using COMSOL—of a large molten salt container,80 foot in diameter and 46 feet high that includes a four-foot elliptic shell roof,is presented for a futuristic 700℃ design,which uses a highly stable chloride salt called SS700(SaltStream 700)that improves the efficiency of the tank when compared to the traditional 565℃.The resulting FEA(finite element analysis)computed the stresses induced in the tank,which includes the stresses that are due to the loading and due to the thermal expansion of the tank.A stress FEA model was developed using COMSOL Version 5.4 in order to determine the full thermal stress and total stress distribution of the 700℃ Cylindrical MS Storage Tank,as well as corresponding temperature distributions,which can be used to compare with the theoretical analysis and verify the final design.
文摘In this paper a full theoretical thermal analysis of a large molten salt container,80-foot in diameter and 46-foot high,including a four-foot elliptic shell roof,is presented for two temperatures,the standard 565℃ and a futuristic 700℃,which substantially improves the efficiency of the molten salt containers through the use of a highly stable chloride salt called SS700(SaltStream 700).The theoretical analysis includes conductive and convective heat transfer analysis in the steel container,elliptic roof shell,the fiberglass insulation,and firebrick insulation,and includes thermal insulation designs to safeguard against energy losses at high temperatures.The underlying soil and the high temperature concrete foundation were analyzed theoretically using conductive heat transfer,however the area surrounding the soil surface around the bottom of the molten salt storage tank had convective heat transfer analysis included.The final designs presented in this paper seek to limit heat losses to a maximum of 250 W/m^(2) while being able to operate at a minimum external ambient temperature of-10℃,which determines the thicknesses of the fiberglass and firebrick insulation.
文摘Excess energy from solar, nuclear or coal power stations can be stored in molten salts (MS) in the 565 °C range. At elevated temperature, large containers can be used to store energy for up to a week and generate eight hours or more, depending on the container size, of electricity to be used at night or during peak demand hours. A stable diurnal energy supply is made available by energy storage and the fluctuation experienced at thermal solar power stations caused by weather conditions is reduced. Supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR), this paper presents a survey of molten salt properties used in solar power storage, as well as the history of molten salt usage for energy storage and production. The history of molten salt usage includes past, current, and future developments involving molten salt usage for nuclear and solar energy storage and production. Density, melting temperature, viscosity, electric conductivity, surface tension, and heat capacity of various molten salts are discussed. Since costs are important factor in selecting a molten salt compound, salts costs are presented. Recommendations are made regarding the efficient use of various types of molten salt.
文摘Excess energy from various sources can be stored in molten salts (MS) in the 565 °C range. Large containers can be used to store energy at excess temperatures in order to generate eight hours or more of electricity, depending on the container size, to be used during peak demand hours or at night for up to a week. Energy storage allows for a stable diurnal energy supply and can reduce the fluctuation due to weather conditions experienced at thermal solar power stations. Supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR), this paper discusses the design considerations for molten salt storage tanks. An optimal molten salt storage tank design layout is presented, as well as alternative designs for the storage tanks. In addition, the costs and corrosion effects of various molten salts are discussed in order to show the effects these considerations have on the design process.
文摘Supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR), this paper presents a survey of molten salt technology used in solar power storage. Excess energy from solar power stations and other baseline power production methods can be stored in molten salts (MS) in the 565°C range, therefore allowing the use of large containers to store energy for up to a week and generate eight hours of electricity or more to be used during peak demand hours, at night, or adverse weather conditions, depending on the container size. The technology could also be used to conserve the spin off energy in the grids from nuclear or coal power production. Real life examples of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, both domestically and worldwide, are presented with details about the type of solar collection, capacity, and energy production. Commercial solar power stations have been constructed in the United States and overseas, particularly in Spain, with molten salt being considered for use in these facilities. Some facilities use a field of flat mirrors and collection towers while others use parabolic troughs.
文摘In this paper a finite element thermal analysis model-using COMSOL-of a large molten salt container,80-foot in diameter and 46-foot high that includes a four-foot elliptic shell roof,is presented for a futuristic 700℃ design,which uses a highly stable chloride salt called SS700(SaltStream 700)that improves the efficiency of the tank when compared to the traditional 565℃.The FEA(finite element analysis)includes conductive and convective heat transfer analysis in the steel container,elliptic roof shell,the fiberglass insulation,and firebrick insulation,and includes thermal insulation designs to safeguard against energy losses at high temperatures.The underlying soil and the high temperature concrete foundation were analyzed by finite element using conductive heat transfer,however the area surrounding the soil surface around the bottom of the MS storage tank had convective heat transfer analysis included.The finite elements analyses presented are to verify the final fiberglass and firebrick insulation designs,which seeks to limit heat losses to a maximum of 250 W/m^(2) while being able to operate at a minimum external ambient temperature of-10℃.These results are also compared to previously calculated theoretical results.
