据预测,内蒙古东部地区未来将出现氮沉降加剧和夏季降水增加的趋势,但大气氮沉降和降水增加都是不可持续的,增加强度可能减弱,也可能出现降低趋势。目前,历史氮、水输入停止后对生态系统的遗留效应尚不明确。本研究基于中国北方温带草...据预测,内蒙古东部地区未来将出现氮沉降加剧和夏季降水增加的趋势,但大气氮沉降和降水增加都是不可持续的,增加强度可能减弱,也可能出现降低趋势。目前,历史氮、水输入停止后对生态系统的遗留效应尚不明确。本研究基于中国北方温带草原长达13年的氮、水添加实验平台,于处理第14年开始定向停止氮、水添加处理,探讨了历史氮、水添加在短期(2年)内对土壤理化性质和微生物学特性的遗留效应。结果表明:停止添加两年后,历史氮添加对铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机碳、氮和速效磷等土壤养分指标的正向遗留效应消失;但对大部分土壤微生物学特性指标仍存在遗留效应,历史15 g N·m^(-2)·a^(-1)添加处理微生物生物量碳、土壤呼吸和碱性磷酸单酯酶活性分别降低73.3%、81.9%和70.3%,表明氮输入停止后微生物学指标的恢复比土壤养分指标慢,具有迟滞效应。相关分析和冗余分析表明,氮对微生物学特性的负向遗留效应与对土壤pH的负向遗留效应有关。历史水添加在处理停止两年后,对土壤pH、铵态氮、可溶性有机碳、氮等以及土壤呼吸、酶活性等仍表现出显著的遗留效应,并与氮沉降的遗留效应存在交互作用。研究结果对预测局域环境改善条件下草地生态系统功能和服务变化趋势及揭示退化草地恢复机制具有重要意义。展开更多
In this article, we present a facile, direct, synthetic approach of preparing monodisperse [Au2s（SePh）ls]- nanoclusters in high yield. In this synthetic approach, two-phase Brust-Schiffrin method is used. Both PhSeH...In this article, we present a facile, direct, synthetic approach of preparing monodisperse [Au2s（SePh）ls]- nanoclusters in high yield. In this synthetic approach, two-phase Brust-Schiffrin method is used. Both PhSeH and NaBH4 should be added drop-wise to the solution of Au （III） at the same time. The formula and molecular purity of [Au25（SePh）ls] TOA＋ clusters are characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, NMR and TGA analysis. Furthermore, some critical parameters to obtain pure [Au25（SePh）18]-TOA＋ are identified, including the NaBH4-to-Au ratio, the selenolate-to-Au ratio and the temperature. The facile, direct, high yield synthetic method can be widely applied in the theoretical research of Au clusters protected by selenol.展开更多
文摘据预测,内蒙古东部地区未来将出现氮沉降加剧和夏季降水增加的趋势,但大气氮沉降和降水增加都是不可持续的,增加强度可能减弱,也可能出现降低趋势。目前,历史氮、水输入停止后对生态系统的遗留效应尚不明确。本研究基于中国北方温带草原长达13年的氮、水添加实验平台,于处理第14年开始定向停止氮、水添加处理,探讨了历史氮、水添加在短期(2年)内对土壤理化性质和微生物学特性的遗留效应。结果表明:停止添加两年后,历史氮添加对铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机碳、氮和速效磷等土壤养分指标的正向遗留效应消失;但对大部分土壤微生物学特性指标仍存在遗留效应,历史15 g N·m^(-2)·a^(-1)添加处理微生物生物量碳、土壤呼吸和碱性磷酸单酯酶活性分别降低73.3%、81.9%和70.3%,表明氮输入停止后微生物学指标的恢复比土壤养分指标慢,具有迟滞效应。相关分析和冗余分析表明,氮对微生物学特性的负向遗留效应与对土壤pH的负向遗留效应有关。历史水添加在处理停止两年后,对土壤pH、铵态氮、可溶性有机碳、氮等以及土壤呼吸、酶活性等仍表现出显著的遗留效应,并与氮沉降的遗留效应存在交互作用。研究结果对预测局域环境改善条件下草地生态系统功能和服务变化趋势及揭示退化草地恢复机制具有重要意义。
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20871112, 21072001, 21372006)Changjiang Scholars Program+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for Returning Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Anhui Province International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project211 Project of Anhui University
文摘In this article, we present a facile, direct, synthetic approach of preparing monodisperse [Au2s（SePh）ls]- nanoclusters in high yield. In this synthetic approach, two-phase Brust-Schiffrin method is used. Both PhSeH and NaBH4 should be added drop-wise to the solution of Au （III） at the same time. The formula and molecular purity of [Au25（SePh）ls] TOA＋ clusters are characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, NMR and TGA analysis. Furthermore, some critical parameters to obtain pure [Au25（SePh）18]-TOA＋ are identified, including the NaBH4-to-Au ratio, the selenolate-to-Au ratio and the temperature. The facile, direct, high yield synthetic method can be widely applied in the theoretical research of Au clusters protected by selenol.
