Late-onset Alzheimer's disease(LOAD)is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.Polymorphism in apolipoprotein E(ApoE)gene(ε2,ε3,and ε4)is the greatest LOAD risk factor.The translation products are ApoE...Late-onset Alzheimer's disease(LOAD)is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.Polymorphism in apolipoprotein E(ApoE)gene(ε2,ε3,and ε4)is the greatest LOAD risk factor.The translation products are ApoE2,ApoE3,and ApoE4,respectively.ApoE fragments are present in senile plaques and neurofibillary tangles but their contributions to AD pathogenesis are not clear.展开更多
Metal nanocrystals have been recognized as the main catalytic materials in many fields,but insufficient activity and stability,as well as high prices,have limited their large-scale potential applications.As one of the...Metal nanocrystals have been recognized as the main catalytic materials in many fields,but insufficient activity and stability,as well as high prices,have limited their large-scale potential applications.As one of the extremely promising alternatives toward metal in boosting their catalytic performance,nonmetallic atoms-doped metal nanocrystals have recently received extensive attention because of their high efficiency,chemical and structural durability,abundant reserve,and low cost.In this review,we highlight the most recent progress in this field and provide insights into their catalytic applications.The metalnonmetal nanocrystals prepared by doping metal nanocrystals with nonmetallic atoms are introduced and classified based on the types of nonmetallic atoms,including metal hydrides,borides,carbides,nitrides,oxides,phosphides,and chalcogenides.Besides,their applications in catalysis,especially in electrocatalysis and organic catalysis,have been summarized and discussed.Finally,the conclusions and perspectives are given for the catalysis-driven rational design of metal-nonmetal nanocrystals in this minireview.展开更多
In this paper,we make a comparison for the impacts of smooth dynamical dark energy,modified gravity,and interacting dark energy on the cosmological constraints on the total mass of active neutrinos.For definiteness,we...In this paper,we make a comparison for the impacts of smooth dynamical dark energy,modified gravity,and interacting dark energy on the cosmological constraints on the total mass of active neutrinos.For definiteness,we consider theΛCDM model,the w CDM model,the f(R)model,and two typical interacting vacuum energy models,i.e.,the IΛCDM1 model with Q=βHρc and the IΛCDM2 model with Q=βHρΛ.In the cosmological fits,we use the Planck 2015 temperature and polarization data,in combination with other low-redshift observations including the baryon acoustic oscillations,the type Ia supernovae,the Hubble constant measurement,and the large-scale structure observations,such as the weak lensing as well as the redshift-space distortions.Besides,the Planck lensing measurement is also employed in this work.We find that,the w CDM model favors a higher upper limit on the neutrino mass compared to theΛCDM model,while the upper limit in the f(R)model is similar with that in theΛCDM model.For the interacting vacuum energy models,the IΛCDM1 model favors a higher upper limit on neutrino mass,while the IΛCDM2 model favors an identical neutrino mass with the case ofΛCDM.展开更多
文摘Late-onset Alzheimer's disease(LOAD)is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.Polymorphism in apolipoprotein E(ApoE)gene(ε2,ε3,and ε4)is the greatest LOAD risk factor.The translation products are ApoE2,ApoE3,and ApoE4,respectively.ApoE fragments are present in senile plaques and neurofibillary tangles but their contributions to AD pathogenesis are not clear.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.21773180 and 21471123)State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials+2 种基金“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”“the World-Class Universities(Disciplines)the Characteristic Development Guidance Funds for the Central Universities”by Xi’an Jiaotong University。
文摘Metal nanocrystals have been recognized as the main catalytic materials in many fields,but insufficient activity and stability,as well as high prices,have limited their large-scale potential applications.As one of the extremely promising alternatives toward metal in boosting their catalytic performance,nonmetallic atoms-doped metal nanocrystals have recently received extensive attention because of their high efficiency,chemical and structural durability,abundant reserve,and low cost.In this review,we highlight the most recent progress in this field and provide insights into their catalytic applications.The metalnonmetal nanocrystals prepared by doping metal nanocrystals with nonmetallic atoms are introduced and classified based on the types of nonmetallic atoms,including metal hydrides,borides,carbides,nitrides,oxides,phosphides,and chalcogenides.Besides,their applications in catalysis,especially in electrocatalysis and organic catalysis,have been summarized and discussed.Finally,the conclusions and perspectives are given for the catalysis-driven rational design of metal-nonmetal nanocrystals in this minireview.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975072,11875102,11835009,and 11690021)the National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals。
文摘In this paper,we make a comparison for the impacts of smooth dynamical dark energy,modified gravity,and interacting dark energy on the cosmological constraints on the total mass of active neutrinos.For definiteness,we consider theΛCDM model,the w CDM model,the f(R)model,and two typical interacting vacuum energy models,i.e.,the IΛCDM1 model with Q=βHρc and the IΛCDM2 model with Q=βHρΛ.In the cosmological fits,we use the Planck 2015 temperature and polarization data,in combination with other low-redshift observations including the baryon acoustic oscillations,the type Ia supernovae,the Hubble constant measurement,and the large-scale structure observations,such as the weak lensing as well as the redshift-space distortions.Besides,the Planck lensing measurement is also employed in this work.We find that,the w CDM model favors a higher upper limit on the neutrino mass compared to theΛCDM model,while the upper limit in the f(R)model is similar with that in theΛCDM model.For the interacting vacuum energy models,the IΛCDM1 model favors a higher upper limit on neutrino mass,while the IΛCDM2 model favors an identical neutrino mass with the case ofΛCDM.
