The combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)has shown broad prospects in prolonging the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).TACE and TKIs ca...The combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)has shown broad prospects in prolonging the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).TACE and TKIs can affect the immune microenvironment in patients with HCC.AIM To determine the overall effects and differences between TACE and different TKIs combinations on the immune microenvironment.METHODS Data and immune cell profile test results from 213 HCC patients treated with TACE combined with apatinib,lenvatinib,sorafenib,or donafenib before and after 3 wk of treatment were collected.Monocytes were co-cultured with LM3 liver cancer cells,and their ability to inhibit cancer cell growth was analyzed using the MTT method and a nude mouse subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiment.Simulated combined therapy was done using an in situ liver cancer C57BL/6 male mouse model,and the immune response of tumor tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Compared to before combination therapy,the proportion of programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)+mononuclear cells and the number of CD4+T cells decreased in the TACE+apatinib group,while the number of absolute count of CD4+and CD8+T cells increased in the TACE+lenvatinib group.Furthermore,the number of regulatory cells decreased in the TACE+donafenib group,whereas the number of CD8+T and natural killer cells increased.Additionally,monocytes in the TACE combined with donafenib or lenvatinib groups had a stronger ability to inhibit cancer cell growth than those in the other groups.Combining TACE with donafenib or lenvatinib increased CD8+T cell infiltration into the tumor tissue.In addition,the proportion of PD-1+in CD8+cells,absolute CD8+T lymphocyte count,and regulatory T cells proportion were independent prognostic factors affecting the survival time of patients with HCC.CONCLUSION TACE,in combination with different TKIs,produces different immune responses.Specifically,TACE combined with donafenib or lenvatinib may induce strong anti-tumor immune responses.展开更多
The heterointerface engineering involving different components or phases represents a desirable strategy for enhancing the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,constructing desired heterointer...The heterointerface engineering involving different components or phases represents a desirable strategy for enhancing the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,constructing desired heterointerfaces and elucidating the reaction mechanisms on the interface remains a considerable challenge.In this work,we propose a straightforward electrochemical synthesis strategy to prepare the nickel sulfide-based heterointerfaces for HER.The mechanism of electrochemical synthesis is revealed,wherein metal-thiourea species can be formed at the cathode potential and subsequently oxidized to nickel sulfides at the anode potentials.Leveraging this mechanism,a range of nickel sulfides,including NiS,Ni_(3)S_(2)/NiS,Ni/Ni_(3)S_(2)and Ni_(3)S_(2),have been successfully synthesized by tuning the potential range of cyclic voltammetry.Among these,the obtained Ni_(3)S_(2)/NiS@CC(CC:carbon cloth)exhibits the smallest overpotential of84 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2)and high stability.Theoretical calculations further reveal that the combination of NiS and Ni_(3)S_(2)induces electron redistribution at the interface,and thus the Volmer process is effectively promoted with faster water dissociation and OH desorption kinetics.Significantly,the simplicity method coupled with a clear synthesis mechanism and outstanding HER performance highlights its promising potential for practical applications.展开更多
The high power light emitting diode （LED） array integrated with the microchannel heat sink is designed in this paper, and then optimal analysis and simulation have been carried out. According to the theory of heat t...The high power light emitting diode （LED） array integrated with the microchannel heat sink is designed in this paper, and then optimal analysis and simulation have been carried out. According to the theory of heat transfer and fluid mechanics, the calculation of the thermal resistance for the microchannel heat sink is obtained, and the thermal resis- tance is minimized. Finally the simulation with FLUENT software is developed to verify the theoretical analysis. Established analysis and simulation show that the width of the cooling channel is 0.1 mm, and the cooling water flow rate is 1 m/s. On the other hand, the system acquires the best heat dissipation effect, and the minimum of thermal resis- tance is 0.019 W/℃.展开更多
基金Supported by Henan Province Natural Science Foundation,No.212300410403Medical Education Research Project of Henan Province,No.Wjlx2021334。
文摘The combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)has shown broad prospects in prolonging the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).TACE and TKIs can affect the immune microenvironment in patients with HCC.AIM To determine the overall effects and differences between TACE and different TKIs combinations on the immune microenvironment.METHODS Data and immune cell profile test results from 213 HCC patients treated with TACE combined with apatinib,lenvatinib,sorafenib,or donafenib before and after 3 wk of treatment were collected.Monocytes were co-cultured with LM3 liver cancer cells,and their ability to inhibit cancer cell growth was analyzed using the MTT method and a nude mouse subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiment.Simulated combined therapy was done using an in situ liver cancer C57BL/6 male mouse model,and the immune response of tumor tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Compared to before combination therapy,the proportion of programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)+mononuclear cells and the number of CD4+T cells decreased in the TACE+apatinib group,while the number of absolute count of CD4+and CD8+T cells increased in the TACE+lenvatinib group.Furthermore,the number of regulatory cells decreased in the TACE+donafenib group,whereas the number of CD8+T and natural killer cells increased.Additionally,monocytes in the TACE combined with donafenib or lenvatinib groups had a stronger ability to inhibit cancer cell growth than those in the other groups.Combining TACE with donafenib or lenvatinib increased CD8+T cell infiltration into the tumor tissue.In addition,the proportion of PD-1+in CD8+cells,absolute CD8+T lymphocyte count,and regulatory T cells proportion were independent prognostic factors affecting the survival time of patients with HCC.CONCLUSION TACE,in combination with different TKIs,produces different immune responses.Specifically,TACE combined with donafenib or lenvatinib may induce strong anti-tumor immune responses.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22202042)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515140012)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(grant No.202401CF070036)。
文摘The heterointerface engineering involving different components or phases represents a desirable strategy for enhancing the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,constructing desired heterointerfaces and elucidating the reaction mechanisms on the interface remains a considerable challenge.In this work,we propose a straightforward electrochemical synthesis strategy to prepare the nickel sulfide-based heterointerfaces for HER.The mechanism of electrochemical synthesis is revealed,wherein metal-thiourea species can be formed at the cathode potential and subsequently oxidized to nickel sulfides at the anode potentials.Leveraging this mechanism,a range of nickel sulfides,including NiS,Ni_(3)S_(2)/NiS,Ni/Ni_(3)S_(2)and Ni_(3)S_(2),have been successfully synthesized by tuning the potential range of cyclic voltammetry.Among these,the obtained Ni_(3)S_(2)/NiS@CC(CC:carbon cloth)exhibits the smallest overpotential of84 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2)and high stability.Theoretical calculations further reveal that the combination of NiS and Ni_(3)S_(2)induces electron redistribution at the interface,and thus the Volmer process is effectively promoted with faster water dissociation and OH desorption kinetics.Significantly,the simplicity method coupled with a clear synthesis mechanism and outstanding HER performance highlights its promising potential for practical applications.
文摘The high power light emitting diode （LED） array integrated with the microchannel heat sink is designed in this paper, and then optimal analysis and simulation have been carried out. According to the theory of heat transfer and fluid mechanics, the calculation of the thermal resistance for the microchannel heat sink is obtained, and the thermal resis- tance is minimized. Finally the simulation with FLUENT software is developed to verify the theoretical analysis. Established analysis and simulation show that the width of the cooling channel is 0.1 mm, and the cooling water flow rate is 1 m/s. On the other hand, the system acquires the best heat dissipation effect, and the minimum of thermal resis- tance is 0.019 W/℃.
