Current drugs for treating human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)infections are limited by resistance and treatment-associated toxicities.In developing mechanistically novel HCMV antivirals,we discovered an N-benzyl hydroxypyrid...Current drugs for treating human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)infections are limited by resistance and treatment-associated toxicities.In developing mechanistically novel HCMV antivirals,we discovered an N-benzyl hydroxypyridone carboxamide antiviral hit(8a)inhibiting HCMV in submicromolar range.We describe herein the structure–activity relationship(SAR)for 8a,and the characterization of potent analogs for cytotoxicity/cytostatic property,the preliminary mechanism of action,and the absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion(ADME)properties.The SAR revealed a few pharmacophore features conferring optimal antiviral profile,including the 5-OH,the N-1 benzyl,at least one–CH_(2)−in the linker,and a di-halogen substituted phenyl ring in the amide moiety.In the end,we identified numerous analogs with sub-micromolar antiviral potency and good selectivity index.The preliminary mechanism of action characterization used a pUL89-C biochemical endonuclease assay,a virus entry assay,a time-of-addition assay,and a compound withdrawal assay.ADME profiling measuring aqueous solubility,plasma and liver microsomal stability,and parallel artificial membrane permeability assay(PAMPA)permeability demonstrated largely favorable drug-like properties.Together,these studies validate the N-benzyl hydroxypyridone carboxamide as a viable chemotype for potent and mechanistically distinct antivirals against HCMV.展开更多
Of all known small molecules targeting human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)capsid protein(CA),PF74 represents by far the best characterized chemotype,due to its ability to confer antiviral phenotypes in both early and la...Of all known small molecules targeting human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)capsid protein(CA),PF74 represents by far the best characterized chemotype,due to its ability to confer antiviral phenotypes in both early and late phases of viral replication.However,the prohibitively low metabolic stability renders PF74 a poor antiviral lead.We report herein our medicinal chemistry efforts toward identifying novel and metabolically stable small molecules targeting the PF74 binding site.Specifically,we replaced the inter-domain-interacting,electron-rich indole ring of PF74 with less electron-rich isosteres,including imidazolidine-2,4-dione,pyrimidine-2,4-dione,and benzamide,and identified four potent antiviral compounds(10,19,20 and 26)with markedly improved metabolic stability.Compared to PF74,analog 20 exhibited similar submicromolar potency,and much longer(51-fold)half-life in human liver microsomes(HLMs).Molecular docking corroborated that 20 binds to the PF74 binding site,and revealed distinct binding interactions conferred by the benzamide moiety.Collectively,our data support compound 20 as a promising antiviral lead.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,the National Institutes of Health,United States grant number R01AI136982(to Robert J.Geraghty and Zhengqiang Wang,USA).
文摘Current drugs for treating human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)infections are limited by resistance and treatment-associated toxicities.In developing mechanistically novel HCMV antivirals,we discovered an N-benzyl hydroxypyridone carboxamide antiviral hit(8a)inhibiting HCMV in submicromolar range.We describe herein the structure–activity relationship(SAR)for 8a,and the characterization of potent analogs for cytotoxicity/cytostatic property,the preliminary mechanism of action,and the absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion(ADME)properties.The SAR revealed a few pharmacophore features conferring optimal antiviral profile,including the 5-OH,the N-1 benzyl,at least one–CH_(2)−in the linker,and a di-halogen substituted phenyl ring in the amide moiety.In the end,we identified numerous analogs with sub-micromolar antiviral potency and good selectivity index.The preliminary mechanism of action characterization used a pUL89-C biochemical endonuclease assay,a virus entry assay,a time-of-addition assay,and a compound withdrawal assay.ADME profiling measuring aqueous solubility,plasma and liver microsomal stability,and parallel artificial membrane permeability assay(PAMPA)permeability demonstrated largely favorable drug-like properties.Together,these studies validate the N-benzyl hydroxypyridone carboxamide as a viable chemotype for potent and mechanistically distinct antivirals against HCMV.
基金supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,the National Institutes of Health,USA,grant number R01AI120860(to Stefan G.Sarafianos and Zhengqiang Wang)。
文摘Of all known small molecules targeting human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)capsid protein(CA),PF74 represents by far the best characterized chemotype,due to its ability to confer antiviral phenotypes in both early and late phases of viral replication.However,the prohibitively low metabolic stability renders PF74 a poor antiviral lead.We report herein our medicinal chemistry efforts toward identifying novel and metabolically stable small molecules targeting the PF74 binding site.Specifically,we replaced the inter-domain-interacting,electron-rich indole ring of PF74 with less electron-rich isosteres,including imidazolidine-2,4-dione,pyrimidine-2,4-dione,and benzamide,and identified four potent antiviral compounds(10,19,20 and 26)with markedly improved metabolic stability.Compared to PF74,analog 20 exhibited similar submicromolar potency,and much longer(51-fold)half-life in human liver microsomes(HLMs).Molecular docking corroborated that 20 binds to the PF74 binding site,and revealed distinct binding interactions conferred by the benzamide moiety.Collectively,our data support compound 20 as a promising antiviral lead.
