<div style="text-align:justify;"> Size-segregated of particulate matter (PM) including PM<sub>0.1</sub> at two different sites, i.e., educational (EA) and residential (RA) areas in Padang c...<div style="text-align:justify;"> Size-segregated of particulate matter (PM) including PM<sub>0.1</sub> at two different sites, i.e., educational (EA) and residential (RA) areas in Padang city, Indonesia were sampled by using a cascade type air sampler for 24 hours with the average flowrate 40 l/m throughout three weeks (March, 08<sup>th</sup>-25<sup>th</sup> 2018). Carbonaceous components were analyses by a carbon analyzer following the IMPROVE_TOR protocol. Average PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations in RA were higher than those in EA while being below the NAAQS of Indonesia. However, it was much higher compared to the WHO limit for 24 hours in RA. OC was the dominant fraction in TC. OC/EC ratio ranging from 2.4 to 33.0 was similar at both sites, suggesting the OC was emitted from various sources. Char-EC and soot-EC ratio were founded to be minimized for PM<sub>0.1</sub> (0.40 ± 0.27 and 0.39 ± 0.39, respectively at each site), indicating a more influence of burning of fossil fuel as vehicles exhaust and coal combustion. The transboundary influence of open biomass burning was not so significant although it cannot be ignored. </div>展开更多
This study reports on an investigation of fine and coarse carbonaceous particulate matters(PM)in Tachileik,eastern Myanmar,during the dry and wet seasons of 2022.The carbon compositions,including organic carbon(OC)and...This study reports on an investigation of fine and coarse carbonaceous particulate matters(PM)in Tachileik,eastern Myanmar,during the dry and wet seasons of 2022.The carbon compositions,including organic carbon(OC)and elemental carbon(EC),in each size(PM10-2.5,PM2.5-1.0,and PM1.0-0.5)were determined by a carbon analyzer.The average total mass concentration of the three fractions of particle samples during the dry season was higher(51.23±23.86μg/m3)than that of the wet season(14.00±5.26μg/m3).The results indicate that OC and EC levels were highest for PM1.0-0.5 during the dry season and the sizes were similar for both seasons.The OC/EC ratios varied in different seasons,from 1.93 to 4.40 and 4.13 to 5.25 in the dry and wet seasons,respectively.EC was sub-divided into char-EC and soot-EC;the char-EC/soot-EC in the dry season was higher than in the wet season,signifying that biomass burning is the main particle source during the dry season.However,vehicle emissions dominated during the wet season.The effective carbon ratio(ECR)suggested that finer particles contributed more to global warming.This information is important in terms of air quality control and mitigation in Myanmar and elsewhere.展开更多
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> Size-segregated of particulate matter (PM) including PM<sub>0.1</sub> at two different sites, i.e., educational (EA) and residential (RA) areas in Padang city, Indonesia were sampled by using a cascade type air sampler for 24 hours with the average flowrate 40 l/m throughout three weeks (March, 08<sup>th</sup>-25<sup>th</sup> 2018). Carbonaceous components were analyses by a carbon analyzer following the IMPROVE_TOR protocol. Average PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations in RA were higher than those in EA while being below the NAAQS of Indonesia. However, it was much higher compared to the WHO limit for 24 hours in RA. OC was the dominant fraction in TC. OC/EC ratio ranging from 2.4 to 33.0 was similar at both sites, suggesting the OC was emitted from various sources. Char-EC and soot-EC ratio were founded to be minimized for PM<sub>0.1</sub> (0.40 ± 0.27 and 0.39 ± 0.39, respectively at each site), indicating a more influence of burning of fossil fuel as vehicles exhaust and coal combustion. The transboundary influence of open biomass burning was not so significant although it cannot be ignored. </div>
文摘This study reports on an investigation of fine and coarse carbonaceous particulate matters(PM)in Tachileik,eastern Myanmar,during the dry and wet seasons of 2022.The carbon compositions,including organic carbon(OC)and elemental carbon(EC),in each size(PM10-2.5,PM2.5-1.0,and PM1.0-0.5)were determined by a carbon analyzer.The average total mass concentration of the three fractions of particle samples during the dry season was higher(51.23±23.86μg/m3)than that of the wet season(14.00±5.26μg/m3).The results indicate that OC and EC levels were highest for PM1.0-0.5 during the dry season and the sizes were similar for both seasons.The OC/EC ratios varied in different seasons,from 1.93 to 4.40 and 4.13 to 5.25 in the dry and wet seasons,respectively.EC was sub-divided into char-EC and soot-EC;the char-EC/soot-EC in the dry season was higher than in the wet season,signifying that biomass burning is the main particle source during the dry season.However,vehicle emissions dominated during the wet season.The effective carbon ratio(ECR)suggested that finer particles contributed more to global warming.This information is important in terms of air quality control and mitigation in Myanmar and elsewhere.
