Tissue engineering approaches,including those to functional lung tissues,are finely honed by the inclusion of upgraded devices that mimic biophysical and biochemical features in vivo.Perfusion culture is one of these ...Tissue engineering approaches,including those to functional lung tissues,are finely honed by the inclusion of upgraded devices that mimic biophysical and biochemical features in vivo.Perfusion culture is one of these essential biophysical characteristics enabled by the introduction of microfluidic devices in recent years.This review links the importance of dynamic culture for in vitro maintenance of functional lung cells to the modeling of respiratory disease.We identify and discuss different parameters for fabricating the requisite microfluidic models for lung cells,as well as their application in modeling lung diseases caused by external factors such as smoking and pollution.The possibility of creating a multi-organ-on-a-chip to establish a more physiologically relevant model is highlighted.Overall,the focus is on different prospects for the in vitro modeling approach and for lungs-on-a-chip for developing advanced,reliable technology to analyze the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases and screen potential treatments.展开更多
The significant impact of stress on health necessitates accurate assessment methods,where traditional questionnaires lack reliability and objectivity.Current advancements like wearables with electrocardiogram(ECG)and ...The significant impact of stress on health necessitates accurate assessment methods,where traditional questionnaires lack reliability and objectivity.Current advancements like wearables with electrocardiogram(ECG)and galvanic skin response(GSR)sensors face accuracy and artifact challenges.Molecular biosensors detecting cortisol,a critical stress hormone,present a promising solution.However,existing cortisol assays,requiring saliva,urine,or blood,are complex,expensive,and unsuitable for continuous monitoring.Our study introduces a passive,molecularly imprinted polymer-radio-frequency(MIP-RF)wearable sensing system for real-time,non-invasive sweat cortisol assessment.This system is wireless,flexible,battery-free,reusable,environmentally stable,and designed for long-term monitoring,using an inductance-capacitance transducer.The transducer translates cortisol concentrations into resonant frequency shifts with high sensitivity(~160 kHz/(log(μM)))across a physiological range of 0.025–1μM.Integrated with near-field communication(NFC)for wireless and battery-free operation,and threedimensional(3D)-printed microfluidic channel for in-situ sweat collection,it enables daily activity cortisol level tracking.Validation of cortisol circadian rhythm through morning and evening measurements demonstrates its effectiveness in tracking and monitoring sweat cortisol levels.A 28-day stability test and the use of cost-effective 3D nanomaterials printing enhance its economic viability and reusability.This innovation paves the way for a new era in realistic,on-demand health monitoring outside the laboratory,leveraging wearable technology for molecular stress biomarker detection.展开更多
Innovations in biomaterials and stem cell technology have allowed for the emergence of novel three-dimensional(3D)tissue-like structures known as organoids and spheroids.As a result,compared to conventional 2D cell cu...Innovations in biomaterials and stem cell technology have allowed for the emergence of novel three-dimensional(3D)tissue-like structures known as organoids and spheroids.As a result,compared to conventional 2D cell culture and animal models,these complex 3D structures have improved the accuracy and facilitated in vitro investigations of human diseases,human development,and personalized medical treatment.Due to the rapid progress of this field,numerous spheroid and organoid production methodologies have been published.However,many of the current spheroid and organoid production techniques are limited by complexity,throughput,and reproducibility.Microfabricated and microscale platforms(e.g.,microfluidics and microprinting)have shown promise to address some of the current limitations in both organoid and spheroid generation.Microfabricated and microfluidic devices have been shown to improve nutrient delivery and exchange and have allowed for the arrayed production of size-controlled culture areas that yield more uniform organoids and spheroids for a higher throughput at a lower cost.In this review,we discuss the most recent production methods,challenges currently faced in organoid and spheroid production,and microfabricated and microfluidic applications for improving spheroid and organoid generation.Specifically,we focus on how microfabrication methods and devices such as lithography,microcontact printing,and microfluidic delivery systems can advance organoid and spheroid applications in medicine.展开更多
文摘Tissue engineering approaches,including those to functional lung tissues,are finely honed by the inclusion of upgraded devices that mimic biophysical and biochemical features in vivo.Perfusion culture is one of these essential biophysical characteristics enabled by the introduction of microfluidic devices in recent years.This review links the importance of dynamic culture for in vitro maintenance of functional lung cells to the modeling of respiratory disease.We identify and discuss different parameters for fabricating the requisite microfluidic models for lung cells,as well as their application in modeling lung diseases caused by external factors such as smoking and pollution.The possibility of creating a multi-organ-on-a-chip to establish a more physiologically relevant model is highlighted.Overall,the focus is on different prospects for the in vitro modeling approach and for lungs-on-a-chip for developing advanced,reliable technology to analyze the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases and screen potential treatments.
基金supported by the start-up funds provided to R.E.by the Henry Samueli School of Engineering and the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California,Irvine.
文摘The significant impact of stress on health necessitates accurate assessment methods,where traditional questionnaires lack reliability and objectivity.Current advancements like wearables with electrocardiogram(ECG)and galvanic skin response(GSR)sensors face accuracy and artifact challenges.Molecular biosensors detecting cortisol,a critical stress hormone,present a promising solution.However,existing cortisol assays,requiring saliva,urine,or blood,are complex,expensive,and unsuitable for continuous monitoring.Our study introduces a passive,molecularly imprinted polymer-radio-frequency(MIP-RF)wearable sensing system for real-time,non-invasive sweat cortisol assessment.This system is wireless,flexible,battery-free,reusable,environmentally stable,and designed for long-term monitoring,using an inductance-capacitance transducer.The transducer translates cortisol concentrations into resonant frequency shifts with high sensitivity(~160 kHz/(log(μM)))across a physiological range of 0.025–1μM.Integrated with near-field communication(NFC)for wireless and battery-free operation,and threedimensional(3D)-printed microfluidic channel for in-situ sweat collection,it enables daily activity cortisol level tracking.Validation of cortisol circadian rhythm through morning and evening measurements demonstrates its effectiveness in tracking and monitoring sweat cortisol levels.A 28-day stability test and the use of cost-effective 3D nanomaterials printing enhance its economic viability and reusability.This innovation paves the way for a new era in realistic,on-demand health monitoring outside the laboratory,leveraging wearable technology for molecular stress biomarker detection.
基金This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Award No.R21 CA212731-02(subawarded to University of California Irvine,Award No.124068)the start-up funds provided to R.E.by the Henry Samueli School of Engineering and the Department of Electrical Engineering at University of California Irvine.
文摘Innovations in biomaterials and stem cell technology have allowed for the emergence of novel three-dimensional(3D)tissue-like structures known as organoids and spheroids.As a result,compared to conventional 2D cell culture and animal models,these complex 3D structures have improved the accuracy and facilitated in vitro investigations of human diseases,human development,and personalized medical treatment.Due to the rapid progress of this field,numerous spheroid and organoid production methodologies have been published.However,many of the current spheroid and organoid production techniques are limited by complexity,throughput,and reproducibility.Microfabricated and microscale platforms(e.g.,microfluidics and microprinting)have shown promise to address some of the current limitations in both organoid and spheroid generation.Microfabricated and microfluidic devices have been shown to improve nutrient delivery and exchange and have allowed for the arrayed production of size-controlled culture areas that yield more uniform organoids and spheroids for a higher throughput at a lower cost.In this review,we discuss the most recent production methods,challenges currently faced in organoid and spheroid production,and microfabricated and microfluidic applications for improving spheroid and organoid generation.Specifically,we focus on how microfabrication methods and devices such as lithography,microcontact printing,and microfluidic delivery systems can advance organoid and spheroid applications in medicine.
