A quarry is a surface mining operated place, which produces enormous quantifies of gravel, limestone, and other materials for industrial and construction applications. Restoration and revegetation of deserted quarries...A quarry is a surface mining operated place, which produces enormous quantifies of gravel, limestone, and other materials for industrial and construction applications. Restoration and revegetation of deserted quarries are becoming increasingly important. Three areas of a typical quarry in South China： terrace for crushed materials （terrace）, spoiled mound, and remaining side slope, were investigated, to compare the existing plant species and to study the relationship between environmental factors and revegetation. The plant species composition of these three areas was found to differ significantly after eight years of natural recovery. The typical plant communities found over them were composed of gramineous herbs, ferns, and shrubs. Soil organic matter, soil moisture, and soil bulk density were considered to be the major determining factors for vegetation succession. There existed abiotic and biotic thresholds during quarrying restoration. Suggestions had been presented that could have accelerated the process of natural recovery in quarries.展开更多
This study investigated the inductive effect ofAlexandrium tamarense, a toxic dinoflagellate producing paralytic shell- fish poison, on oxidative stress and apoptosis in hepatopancreas of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeu...This study investigated the inductive effect ofAlexandrium tamarense, a toxic dinoflagellate producing paralytic shell- fish poison, on oxidative stress and apoptosis in hepatopancreas of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The individuals of E chinensis were exposed to 200 and 1000 cells mL-1 of A. tamarense with their superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione S-transferase （GST） activities, malonyldialdehyde （MDA） concentration, and caspase gene （FcCasp） expression in hepatopancreas determined at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In addition, apoptosis in hepatopancreas of E chinensis at 96 h after exposure was determined through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay. The hepatopancreatic SOD and GST activities of F. chinensis exposed to 1000 cells mL-1 ofA. tamarense showed a bell-shaped response to exposure time. The hepatopancreatic MDA concentration ofF. chinensis exposed to 1000 cellsmL-1 ofA. tamarense increased gradually from 48 to 96h, and such a trend corresponded to the decrease of GST activity. The hepatopancreatic FcCasp transcript abundance of F. chinensis exposed to 1000 cells mL-1 ofA. tamarense was positively and linearly correlated to MDA concentration. Results of TUNEL assay showed that exposure to 1000 cells mL-1 of A. tamarense induced apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of E chinensis. Our study revealed that A. tamarense exposure influenced the antioxidative status ofF. chinensis and caused lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of shrimp.展开更多
随着大面阵、长线列、双/多色、数字化红外探测器技术的不断发展,杜瓦的尺寸和结构复杂程度逐步增加。计算辐射漏热时,传统的方法一般将杜瓦简化为同轴圆筒模型,导致计算误差较大。为提高杜瓦辐射漏热的计算精度,对主要的角系数计算方...随着大面阵、长线列、双/多色、数字化红外探测器技术的不断发展,杜瓦的尺寸和结构复杂程度逐步增加。计算辐射漏热时,传统的方法一般将杜瓦简化为同轴圆筒模型,导致计算误差较大。为提高杜瓦辐射漏热的计算精度,对主要的角系数计算方法进行分析,基于蒙特卡洛原理,采用3D Studio Max(3ds Max)建模,提取模型信息编写程序,得到了一种适用性较强的杜瓦结构通用角系数计算程序。为了检验计算程序的正确性,计算了三种典型模型的角系数和相对误差,计算结果表明随着能束数量的增加,相对误差可控制在1%~-1%之间。最后,计算了某型杜瓦的角系数并给出了其中的12个,对于紧凑结构的杜瓦,蒙特卡洛法是一种高效的计算方法,当能束数量达到万条的量级就可以得到有统计意义的结果。展开更多
联合国《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会(以下简称COP15)通过了《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(以下简称《昆蒙框架》),包括4个长期目标和23个行动目标(马克平,2023),为全球2030年前应对生物多样性丧失问题明确了目标和路径...联合国《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会(以下简称COP15)通过了《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(以下简称《昆蒙框架》),包括4个长期目标和23个行动目标(马克平,2023),为全球2030年前应对生物多样性丧失问题明确了目标和路径。近年来,中国实施了一系列生态文明建设的举措,包括国土空间规划、生态保护红线划定和管控、以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的建设等,率先实现了《昆蒙框架》中关于通过全域空间规划实现生物多样性主流化(行动目标1)、保护30%陆地面积(行动目标3)等重要目标,为国际社会,特别是发展中国家提供了可复制、可推广的样板。尽管如此,还必须认识到,中国生物多样性丧失的态势尚未得到全面扭转,在气候变化背景下存在加剧的趋势。作为COP15的主席国,中国应将推动《昆蒙框架》的实施作为2030年前参与全球环境治理的重要工作内容。在国家水平采取有效的保护举措,并实现对生物多样性有利的变革性转变和高质量发展;在区域水平帮助“一带一路”国家加强生物多样性保护规划和管理的能力,寻求适合不同地区的可持续发展模式;在全球水平坚持“共同但有区别”的原则,推动发达国家和发展中国家的合作,实现公平有效的生物多样性保护和环境治理。所有这些行动都需要有针对性的研究来支持,目前的研究虽然取得了比较大的进展(Mi et al.,2021),但距离保护实践的需求还远远不够。展开更多
文摘A quarry is a surface mining operated place, which produces enormous quantifies of gravel, limestone, and other materials for industrial and construction applications. Restoration and revegetation of deserted quarries are becoming increasingly important. Three areas of a typical quarry in South China： terrace for crushed materials （terrace）, spoiled mound, and remaining side slope, were investigated, to compare the existing plant species and to study the relationship between environmental factors and revegetation. The plant species composition of these three areas was found to differ significantly after eight years of natural recovery. The typical plant communities found over them were composed of gramineous herbs, ferns, and shrubs. Soil organic matter, soil moisture, and soil bulk density were considered to be the major determining factors for vegetation succession. There existed abiotic and biotic thresholds during quarrying restoration. Suggestions had been presented that could have accelerated the process of natural recovery in quarries.
基金supported by Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China (Grant No. CARS-47)Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest of China (Grant No. 201103034)the National ‘863’ Project of China (Grant No. 2012AA10A409)
文摘This study investigated the inductive effect ofAlexandrium tamarense, a toxic dinoflagellate producing paralytic shell- fish poison, on oxidative stress and apoptosis in hepatopancreas of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The individuals of E chinensis were exposed to 200 and 1000 cells mL-1 of A. tamarense with their superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione S-transferase （GST） activities, malonyldialdehyde （MDA） concentration, and caspase gene （FcCasp） expression in hepatopancreas determined at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In addition, apoptosis in hepatopancreas of E chinensis at 96 h after exposure was determined through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay. The hepatopancreatic SOD and GST activities of F. chinensis exposed to 1000 cells mL-1 ofA. tamarense showed a bell-shaped response to exposure time. The hepatopancreatic MDA concentration ofF. chinensis exposed to 1000 cellsmL-1 ofA. tamarense increased gradually from 48 to 96h, and such a trend corresponded to the decrease of GST activity. The hepatopancreatic FcCasp transcript abundance of F. chinensis exposed to 1000 cells mL-1 ofA. tamarense was positively and linearly correlated to MDA concentration. Results of TUNEL assay showed that exposure to 1000 cells mL-1 of A. tamarense induced apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of E chinensis. Our study revealed that A. tamarense exposure influenced the antioxidative status ofF. chinensis and caused lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of shrimp.
文摘随着大面阵、长线列、双/多色、数字化红外探测器技术的不断发展,杜瓦的尺寸和结构复杂程度逐步增加。计算辐射漏热时,传统的方法一般将杜瓦简化为同轴圆筒模型,导致计算误差较大。为提高杜瓦辐射漏热的计算精度,对主要的角系数计算方法进行分析,基于蒙特卡洛原理,采用3D Studio Max(3ds Max)建模,提取模型信息编写程序,得到了一种适用性较强的杜瓦结构通用角系数计算程序。为了检验计算程序的正确性,计算了三种典型模型的角系数和相对误差,计算结果表明随着能束数量的增加,相对误差可控制在1%~-1%之间。最后,计算了某型杜瓦的角系数并给出了其中的12个,对于紧凑结构的杜瓦,蒙特卡洛法是一种高效的计算方法,当能束数量达到万条的量级就可以得到有统计意义的结果。
文摘联合国《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会(以下简称COP15)通过了《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(以下简称《昆蒙框架》),包括4个长期目标和23个行动目标(马克平,2023),为全球2030年前应对生物多样性丧失问题明确了目标和路径。近年来,中国实施了一系列生态文明建设的举措,包括国土空间规划、生态保护红线划定和管控、以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的建设等,率先实现了《昆蒙框架》中关于通过全域空间规划实现生物多样性主流化(行动目标1)、保护30%陆地面积(行动目标3)等重要目标,为国际社会,特别是发展中国家提供了可复制、可推广的样板。尽管如此,还必须认识到,中国生物多样性丧失的态势尚未得到全面扭转,在气候变化背景下存在加剧的趋势。作为COP15的主席国,中国应将推动《昆蒙框架》的实施作为2030年前参与全球环境治理的重要工作内容。在国家水平采取有效的保护举措,并实现对生物多样性有利的变革性转变和高质量发展;在区域水平帮助“一带一路”国家加强生物多样性保护规划和管理的能力,寻求适合不同地区的可持续发展模式;在全球水平坚持“共同但有区别”的原则,推动发达国家和发展中国家的合作,实现公平有效的生物多样性保护和环境治理。所有这些行动都需要有针对性的研究来支持,目前的研究虽然取得了比较大的进展(Mi et al.,2021),但距离保护实践的需求还远远不够。
