A dynamics-based adaptive control approach is proposed for a planar dual-arm space robot in the presence of closed-loop constraints and uncertain inertial parameters of the payload. The controller is capable of contro...A dynamics-based adaptive control approach is proposed for a planar dual-arm space robot in the presence of closed-loop constraints and uncertain inertial parameters of the payload. The controller is capable of controlling the po- sition and attitude of both the satellite base and the payload grasped by the manipulator end effectors. The equations of motion in reduced-order form for the constrained system are derived by incorporating the constraint equations in terms of accelerations into Kane＇s equations of the unconstrained system. Model analysis shows that the resulting equations perfectly meet the requirement of adaptive controller design. Consequently, by using an indirect approach, an adaptive control scheme is proposed to accomplish position/attitude trajectory tracking control with the uncertain parameters be- ing estimated on-line. The actuator redundancy due to the closed-loop constraints is utilized to minimize a weighted norm of the joint torques. Global asymptotic stability is proven by using Lyapunov＇s method, and simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
Hydrogen sulfide,which can be generated in the central nervous system from the sulfhydryl-containing amino acid,L-cysteine,by cystathionine-β-synthase,may exert protective effects in experimental subarachnoid hemorrh...Hydrogen sulfide,which can be generated in the central nervous system from the sulfhydryl-containing amino acid,L-cysteine,by cystathionine-β-synthase,may exert protective effects in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage;however,the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown.This study explored the mechanism using a subarachnoid hemorrhage rat model induced by an endovascular perforation technique.Rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 100 mM L-cysteine(30μL)30 minutes after subarachnoid hemorrhage.At 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage,hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect changes in prefrontal cortex cells.L-cysteine significantly reduced cell edema.Neurological function was assessed using a modified Garcia score.Brain water content was measured by the wet-dry method.L-cysteine significantly reduced neurological deficits and cerebral edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the number of activated microglia.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect the levels of interleukin 1β and CD86 mRNA in the prefrontal cortex.L-cysteine inhibited microglial activation in the prefrontal cortex and reduced the mRNA levels of interleukin 1βand CD86.RT-PCR and western blot analysis of the complement system showed that L-cysteine reduced expression of the complement factors,C1q,C3αand its receptor C3aR1,and the deposition of C1q in the prefrontal cortex.Dihydroethidium staining was applied to detect changes in reactive oxygen species,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the number of NRF2-and HO-1-positive cells.L-cysteine reduced the level of reactive oxygen species in the prefrontal cortex and the number of NRF2-and HO-1-positive cells.Western blot assays and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the protein levels of CHOP and GRP78 in the prefrontal cortex and the number of CHOP-and GRP78-positive cells.L-cysteine reduced CHOP and GRP78 levels and the number of CHOP-and GRP78-positive cells.The cystathionine-β-synthase inhibitor,aminooxyacetic acid,significantly reversed the above neuroprotective effects of L-cysteine.Taken together,L-cysteine can play a neuroprotective role by regulating neuroinflammation,complement deposition,oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.The study was approved by the Animals Ethics Committee of Shandong University,China on February 22,2016(approval No.LL-201602022).展开更多
The study employed ERP technique to explore whether the affordance derivation can facilitate semantic access in comprehending Chinese puns. ERPs were measured while participants read the pun sentences containing dual ...The study employed ERP technique to explore whether the affordance derivation can facilitate semantic access in comprehending Chinese puns. ERPs were measured while participants read the pun sentences containing dual meanings and made a judgement about the following probes and statements. The results showed that highly related probes in pun sentences elicited a smaller N400 and a larger LPC than moderately related probes in pun sentences. As for the comparison of sentence types, both highly and moderately related probes in pun sentences produce a smaller N400 and a larger LPC than those in control sentences. These results indicate that in the early stage of pun comprehension, semantic access to the literal meaning is easier through affordance derivation because of meaning dominance and frequency. In the late stage of integration, however,the intended meaning of puns can be facilitated and accessed through its privilege of affordance derivation activated by pun words in a pun context because of the priming context and its underlying intention. The study has discovered empirically that it is the affordance derivation,which connects the context and the dual meanings indicated by the pun words, that contributes to the different time courses and dynamic underlying neurocognitive mechanisms in comprehending puns in Chinese.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the dynamics of a spacecraft with multi-strut passive damper for large flexible appendage.The damper platform is connected to the spacecraft by a spheric hinge,multiple damping struts and ...This paper is concerned with the dynamics of a spacecraft with multi-strut passive damper for large flexible appendage.The damper platform is connected to the spacecraft by a spheric hinge,multiple damping struts and a rigid strut.The damping struts provide damping forces while the rigid strut produces a motion constraint of the multibody system.The exact nonlinear dynamical equations in reducedorder form are firstly derived by using Kane＇s equation in matrix form.Based on the assumptions of small velocity and small displacement,the nonlinear equations are reduced to a set of linear second-order differential equations in terms of independent generalized displacements with constant stiffness matrix and damping matrix related to the damping strut parameters.Numerical simulation results demonstrate the damping effectiveness of the damper for both the motion of the spacecraft and the vibration of the flexible appendage,and verify the accuracy of the linear equations against the exact nonlinear ones.展开更多
Purpose:Mannitol is one of the first-line drugs for reducing cerebral edema through increasing the extracellular osmotic pressure.However,long-term administration of mannitol in the treatment of cerebral edema trigger...Purpose:Mannitol is one of the first-line drugs for reducing cerebral edema through increasing the extracellular osmotic pressure.However,long-term administration of mannitol in the treatment of cerebral edema triggers damage to neurons and astrocytes.Given that neural stem cell(NSC)is a subpopulation of main regenerative cells in the central nervous system after injury,the effect of mannitol on NSC is still elusive.The present study aims to elucidate the role of mannitol in NSC proliferation.Methods:C57 mice were derived from the animal house of Zunyi Medical University.A total of 15 pregnant mice were employed for the purpose of isolating NSCs in this investigation.Initially,mouse primary NSCs were isolated from the embryonic cortex of mice and subsequently identified through immunofluorescence staining.In order to investigate the impact of mannitol on NSC proliferation,both cell counting kit-8 assays and neurospheres formation assays were conducted.Thein vitro effects of mannitol were examined at various doses and time points.In order to elucidate the role of Aquaporin 4(AQP4)in the suppressive effect of mannitol on NSC proliferation,various assays including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,and immunocytochemistry were conducted on control and mannitol-treated groups.Additionally,the phosphorylated p38(p-p38)was examined to explore the potential mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of mannitol on NSC proliferation.Finally,to further confirm the involvement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent(MAPK)signaling pathway in the observed inhibition of NSC proliferation by mannitol,SB203580 was employed.All data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software(SPSS,Inc.,Chicago,IL).The statistical analysis among multiple comparisons was performed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),followed by Turkey’’s post hoc test in case of the data following a normal distribution using a Shapiro-Wilk normality test.Comparisons between 2 groups were determined using Student’s t-test,if the data exhibited a normal distribution using a Shapiro-Wilk normality test.Meanwhile,data were shown as median and interquartile range and analyzed using the Mann-WhitneyU test,if the data failed the normality test.A p<0.05 was considered as significant difference.Results:Primary NSC were isolated from the mice,and the characteristics were identified using immunostaining analysis.Thereafter,the results indicated that mannitol held the capability of inhibiting NSC proliferation in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner using cell counting kit-8,neurospheres formation,and immunostaining of Nestin and Ki67 assays.During the process of mannitol suppressing NSC proliferation,the expression of AQP4 mRNA and protein was downregulated,while the gene expression of p-p38 was elevated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,immunostaining,and western blotting assays.Subsequently,the administration of SB203580,one of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors,partially abrogated this inhibitory effect resulting from mannitol,supporting the fact that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway participated in curbing NSC proliferation induced by mannitol.Conclusions:Mannitol inhibits NSC proliferation through downregulating AQP4,while upregulating the expression of p-p38 MAPK.展开更多
In this paper,we present a novel initial costates solver for initializing time-optimal trajectory problems in relative motion with continuous low thrust.The proposed solver consists of two primary components:training ...In this paper,we present a novel initial costates solver for initializing time-optimal trajectory problems in relative motion with continuous low thrust.The proposed solver consists of two primary components:training a Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)for generating reference sequence and Time of Flight(TOF)to the target,and deriving a system of linear algebraic equations for obtaining the initial costates.To overcome the challenge of generating training samples for the MLP,the backward generation method is proposed to obtain five different training databases.The training database and sample form are determined by analyzing the input and output correlation using the Pearson correlation coefficient.The best-performing MLP is obtained by analyzing the training results with various hyper-parameter combinations.A reference sequence starting from the initial states is obtained by integrating forward with the near-optimal control vector from the output of MLP.Finally,a system of linear algebraic equations for estimating the initial costates is derived using the reference sequence and the necessary conditions for optimality.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed initial costates solver improves the convergence ratio and reduce the function calls of the shooting function.Furthermore,Monte-Carlo simulation illustrates that the initial costates solver is applicable to different initial velocities,demonstrating excellent generalization ability.展开更多
Purpose:Traumatic brain injury(TBI),currently a major global public health problem,imposes a significant economic burden on society and families.We aimed to quantify and predict the incidence and severity of TBI by an...Purpose:Traumatic brain injury(TBI),currently a major global public health problem,imposes a significant economic burden on society and families.We aimed to quantify and predict the incidence and severity of TBI by analyzing its incidence,prevalence,and years lived with disability(YLDs).The epidemiological changes in TBI from 1990 to 2019 were described and updated to provide a reference for developing prevention,treatment,and incidence-reducing measures for TBI.Methods:A secondary analysis was performed on the incidence,prevalence,and YLDs of TBI by sex,age group,and region(n=21,204 countries and territories)between 1990 and 2019 using the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study 2019.Proportions in the age-standardized incidence rate due to underlying causes of TBI and proportions of minor and moderate or severe TBI were also reported.Results:In 2019,there were 27.16 million(95%uncertainty intervals(UI):23.36-31.42)new cases of TBI worldwide,with age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of 346 per 100,000 population(95%UI:298-401)and 599 per 100,000 population(95%UI:573-627),respectively.From 1990 to 2019,there were no significant trends in global age-standardized incidence(estimated annual percentage changes:-0.11%,95%UI:-0.18%--0.04%)or prevalence(estimated annual percentage changes:0.01%,95%UI:-0.04%-0.06%).TBI caused 7.08 million(95%UI:5.00-9.59)YLDs in 2019,with age-standardized rates of 86.5 per 100,000 population(95%UI:61.1-117.2).In 2019,the countries with higher incidence rates were mainly distributed in Central Europe,Eastern Europe,and Australia.The 2019 global age-standardized incidence rate was higher in males than in females.The 2019 global incidence of moderate and severe TBI was 182.7 per 100,000 population,accounting for 52.8%of all TBI,with falls and road traffic injuries being the main causes in most regions.Conclusions:The incidence of moderate and severe TBI was slightly higher in 2019,and TBI still accounts for a significant portion of the global injury burden.The likelihood of moderate to severe TBI and the trend of major injury under each injury cause from 1990 to 2019 and the characteristics of injury mechanisms in each age group are presented,providing a basis for further research on injury causes in each age group and the future establishment of corresponding policies and protective measures.展开更多
L-ficolin, one of lectin families, is a recently identified complement factor that initiates lectin pathway of complement. Little is known about its role in viral hepatitis. In the present study, we found that L-ficol...L-ficolin, one of lectin families, is a recently identified complement factor that initiates lectin pathway of complement. Little is known about its role in viral hepatitis. In the present study, we found that L-ficolin in serum from 103 patients with hepatitis C virus （HCV）, were significantly higher than that in 150 healthy controls. We further found that L-ficolin expressions were significantly increased in vitro study by HCV JFH-1 infected human hepatocyte cell line Huh7.5.1. Investigation of the mechanisms of the L-ficolin action on HCV demonstrated that L-ficolin protein could recognize and bind to envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 of HCV, activating the lectin complement pathway-mediated cytolytic activity in HCV-infected hepatocyte. This interaction between L-ficolin and HCV E1 and E2 glycoproteins was attributed to the N-glycans of E1 and E2. These findings provide new insights into the biological functions of L-ficolin in clinically important hepatic viral diseases.展开更多
Male-sterile plants are used in hybrid breeding to improve yield in soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.).Developing the capability to alter fertility under different environmental conditions could broaden germplasm resources...Male-sterile plants are used in hybrid breeding to improve yield in soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.).Developing the capability to alter fertility under different environmental conditions could broaden germplasm resources and simplify hybrid production.However,molecular mechanisms potentially underlying such a system in soybean were unclear.Here,using positional cloning,we identified a gene,MALE STERILITY 3(MS3),which encodes a nuclear-localized protein containing a plant homeodomain(PHD)-finger domain.A spontaneous mutation in ms3 causing premature termination of MS3 translation and partial loss of the PHD-finger.Transgenetic analysis indicated that MS3 knockout resulted in nonfunctional pollen and no selfpollinated pods,and RNA-seq analysis revealed that MS3 affects the expression of genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism.Strikingly,the fertility of mutant ms3 can restore under longd conditions.The mutant could thus be used to create a new,more stable photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility line for two-line hybrid seed production,with significant impact on hybrid breeding and production.展开更多
Purpose： To observe the therapeutic effect of interventional embolization and haemorrhage control in multiple trauma patients with a major abdominal or pelvic injury. Methods： Data of 160 multiple trauma patients wi...Purpose： To observe the therapeutic effect of interventional embolization and haemorrhage control in multiple trauma patients with a major abdominal or pelvic injury. Methods： Data of 160 multiple trauma patients with a major abdominal or pelvic injury were retro- spectively analyzed. They were admitted into the Department of Emergency of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College from October 2013 to April 2016. Eighty-seven patients who received emergent intervention for embolization and haemorrhage control were set as group A, including 72 males and 15 females, with an average age of （39.32 ±14.0） years. Patients underwent emergent intervention for embolization and hemostasis. The other 73 patients who received traditional surgeries were set as group B, including 62 males and 11 females, with an average age of （38.48 ± 13.12） years. The time from admission to emergency intervention, the time of interventional embolization, transfusion during hospitalization, length of stay and prognosis were observed. The whole treatment and prognosis were compared between group A and group B. Results： In group A, the average time from admission to intervention exploration was （132.05 ± 86.80） min, the average operation time was （149 ± 49.69） min, the average hospitalization time was （18.37±4.71 ） days, the average amount of RBC transfusion during hospitalization was （Z2 ± 4.33） units, and the mortality was 4.60% （4 patients died）. The corresponding data in group B were respectively （138.95± 82.49） min, （183 ± 52.39） min, （22.72 ± 6.63） days, （12.23 ± 5.43） units, and 9.59% （7 cases died）. There was no statistical difference in the time from admission to operation between the two groups （p 〉 0.05）, but there was statistical difference in operation time, RBC transfusion, hospitalization time, prognosis, and mortality between the two groups （all p 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The emergent intervention for embolization and haemorrhage control of multiple trauma patients with a major abdominal or pelvic injury and visceral organ haemorrhage has the advantages of less trauma, shorter operation time, shorter hospital stay, less blood transfusion in comparison to the traditional emergency surgeries.展开更多
Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has affected approximately 2 million individuals worldwide;however,data regarding fatal cases have been limited.Objective:To report the clinical features of 162 fatal c...Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has affected approximately 2 million individuals worldwide;however,data regarding fatal cases have been limited.Objective:To report the clinical features of 162 fatal cases of COVID-19 from 5 hospitals in Wuhan between December 30,2019 and March 12,2020.Methods:The demographic data,signs and symptoms,clinical course,comorbidities,laboratory findings,computed tomographic(CT)scans,treatments,and complications of the patients with fatal cases were retrieved from electronic medical records.Results:The median patient age was 69.5(interquartile range:63.0–77.25)years,and 80%of the patients were over 61 years.A total of 112(69.1%)patients were men.Hypertension(45.1%)was the most common comorbidity,while 59(36.4%)patients had no comorbidity.At admission,131(81.9%)patients had severe or critical COVID-19,whereas 39(18.1%)patients with hypertension or chronic lung disease had moderate COVID-19.In total,126(77.8%)patients received antiviral treatment,while 132(81.5%)patients received glucocorticoid treatment.A total of 116(71.6%)patients were admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU),and 137(85.1%)patients received mechanical ventilation.Most patients received mechanical ventilation before ICU admission.Approximately 93.2%of the patients developed respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome.There were no significant differences in the inhospital survival time among the hospitals(P=0.14).Conclusion:Young patients with moderate COVID-19 without comorbidity at admission could also develop fatal outcomes.The in-hospital survival time of the fatal cases was similar among the hospitals of different levels in Wuhan.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11272027)
文摘A dynamics-based adaptive control approach is proposed for a planar dual-arm space robot in the presence of closed-loop constraints and uncertain inertial parameters of the payload. The controller is capable of controlling the po- sition and attitude of both the satellite base and the payload grasped by the manipulator end effectors. The equations of motion in reduced-order form for the constrained system are derived by incorporating the constraint equations in terms of accelerations into Kane＇s equations of the unconstrained system. Model analysis shows that the resulting equations perfectly meet the requirement of adaptive controller design. Consequently, by using an indirect approach, an adaptive control scheme is proposed to accomplish position/attitude trajectory tracking control with the uncertain parameters be- ing estimated on-line. The actuator redundancy due to the closed-loop constraints is utilized to minimize a weighted norm of the joint torques. Global asymptotic stability is proven by using Lyapunov＇s method, and simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81873768 and 81671213(to ZW),81571284 and 81874083(to GL)the Key Research and Development Foundation of Shandong Province of China,No.2017GSF218091(to ZW)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China,No.ZR2016HM33(to DXL)the Shandong Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Plan Project of China,No.2017WS068(to QH)the Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province of China,No.ts201511093(to GL)
文摘Hydrogen sulfide,which can be generated in the central nervous system from the sulfhydryl-containing amino acid,L-cysteine,by cystathionine-β-synthase,may exert protective effects in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage;however,the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown.This study explored the mechanism using a subarachnoid hemorrhage rat model induced by an endovascular perforation technique.Rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 100 mM L-cysteine(30μL)30 minutes after subarachnoid hemorrhage.At 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage,hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect changes in prefrontal cortex cells.L-cysteine significantly reduced cell edema.Neurological function was assessed using a modified Garcia score.Brain water content was measured by the wet-dry method.L-cysteine significantly reduced neurological deficits and cerebral edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the number of activated microglia.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect the levels of interleukin 1β and CD86 mRNA in the prefrontal cortex.L-cysteine inhibited microglial activation in the prefrontal cortex and reduced the mRNA levels of interleukin 1βand CD86.RT-PCR and western blot analysis of the complement system showed that L-cysteine reduced expression of the complement factors,C1q,C3αand its receptor C3aR1,and the deposition of C1q in the prefrontal cortex.Dihydroethidium staining was applied to detect changes in reactive oxygen species,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the number of NRF2-and HO-1-positive cells.L-cysteine reduced the level of reactive oxygen species in the prefrontal cortex and the number of NRF2-and HO-1-positive cells.Western blot assays and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the protein levels of CHOP and GRP78 in the prefrontal cortex and the number of CHOP-and GRP78-positive cells.L-cysteine reduced CHOP and GRP78 levels and the number of CHOP-and GRP78-positive cells.The cystathionine-β-synthase inhibitor,aminooxyacetic acid,significantly reversed the above neuroprotective effects of L-cysteine.Taken together,L-cysteine can play a neuroprotective role by regulating neuroinflammation,complement deposition,oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.The study was approved by the Animals Ethics Committee of Shandong University,China on February 22,2016(approval No.LL-201602022).
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19AYY011)the Major Scientific Program of Shanghai International Studies University (Grant No. 2018114027)。
文摘The study employed ERP technique to explore whether the affordance derivation can facilitate semantic access in comprehending Chinese puns. ERPs were measured while participants read the pun sentences containing dual meanings and made a judgement about the following probes and statements. The results showed that highly related probes in pun sentences elicited a smaller N400 and a larger LPC than moderately related probes in pun sentences. As for the comparison of sentence types, both highly and moderately related probes in pun sentences produce a smaller N400 and a larger LPC than those in control sentences. These results indicate that in the early stage of pun comprehension, semantic access to the literal meaning is easier through affordance derivation because of meaning dominance and frequency. In the late stage of integration, however,the intended meaning of puns can be facilitated and accessed through its privilege of affordance derivation activated by pun words in a pun context because of the priming context and its underlying intention. The study has discovered empirically that it is the affordance derivation,which connects the context and the dual meanings indicated by the pun words, that contributes to the different time courses and dynamic underlying neurocognitive mechanisms in comprehending puns in Chinese.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11272027)
文摘This paper is concerned with the dynamics of a spacecraft with multi-strut passive damper for large flexible appendage.The damper platform is connected to the spacecraft by a spheric hinge,multiple damping struts and a rigid strut.The damping struts provide damping forces while the rigid strut produces a motion constraint of the multibody system.The exact nonlinear dynamical equations in reducedorder form are firstly derived by using Kane＇s equation in matrix form.Based on the assumptions of small velocity and small displacement,the nonlinear equations are reduced to a set of linear second-order differential equations in terms of independent generalized displacements with constant stiffness matrix and damping matrix related to the damping strut parameters.Numerical simulation results demonstrate the damping effectiveness of the damper for both the motion of the spacecraft and the vibration of the flexible appendage,and verify the accuracy of the linear equations against the exact nonlinear ones.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.82260385 and 82260254)Health commission of Guizhou Province(gzwkj2022-103)+1 种基金Chinese Ministry of Education(no.2020-39)Science and Technology Project of Guizhou province(no.20204Y149 and 2023580).
文摘Purpose:Mannitol is one of the first-line drugs for reducing cerebral edema through increasing the extracellular osmotic pressure.However,long-term administration of mannitol in the treatment of cerebral edema triggers damage to neurons and astrocytes.Given that neural stem cell(NSC)is a subpopulation of main regenerative cells in the central nervous system after injury,the effect of mannitol on NSC is still elusive.The present study aims to elucidate the role of mannitol in NSC proliferation.Methods:C57 mice were derived from the animal house of Zunyi Medical University.A total of 15 pregnant mice were employed for the purpose of isolating NSCs in this investigation.Initially,mouse primary NSCs were isolated from the embryonic cortex of mice and subsequently identified through immunofluorescence staining.In order to investigate the impact of mannitol on NSC proliferation,both cell counting kit-8 assays and neurospheres formation assays were conducted.Thein vitro effects of mannitol were examined at various doses and time points.In order to elucidate the role of Aquaporin 4(AQP4)in the suppressive effect of mannitol on NSC proliferation,various assays including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,and immunocytochemistry were conducted on control and mannitol-treated groups.Additionally,the phosphorylated p38(p-p38)was examined to explore the potential mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of mannitol on NSC proliferation.Finally,to further confirm the involvement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent(MAPK)signaling pathway in the observed inhibition of NSC proliferation by mannitol,SB203580 was employed.All data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software(SPSS,Inc.,Chicago,IL).The statistical analysis among multiple comparisons was performed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),followed by Turkey’’s post hoc test in case of the data following a normal distribution using a Shapiro-Wilk normality test.Comparisons between 2 groups were determined using Student’s t-test,if the data exhibited a normal distribution using a Shapiro-Wilk normality test.Meanwhile,data were shown as median and interquartile range and analyzed using the Mann-WhitneyU test,if the data failed the normality test.A p<0.05 was considered as significant difference.Results:Primary NSC were isolated from the mice,and the characteristics were identified using immunostaining analysis.Thereafter,the results indicated that mannitol held the capability of inhibiting NSC proliferation in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner using cell counting kit-8,neurospheres formation,and immunostaining of Nestin and Ki67 assays.During the process of mannitol suppressing NSC proliferation,the expression of AQP4 mRNA and protein was downregulated,while the gene expression of p-p38 was elevated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,immunostaining,and western blotting assays.Subsequently,the administration of SB203580,one of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors,partially abrogated this inhibitory effect resulting from mannitol,supporting the fact that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway participated in curbing NSC proliferation induced by mannitol.Conclusions:Mannitol inhibits NSC proliferation through downregulating AQP4,while upregulating the expression of p-p38 MAPK.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11972077 and 12272039).
文摘In this paper,we present a novel initial costates solver for initializing time-optimal trajectory problems in relative motion with continuous low thrust.The proposed solver consists of two primary components:training a Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)for generating reference sequence and Time of Flight(TOF)to the target,and deriving a system of linear algebraic equations for obtaining the initial costates.To overcome the challenge of generating training samples for the MLP,the backward generation method is proposed to obtain five different training databases.The training database and sample form are determined by analyzing the input and output correlation using the Pearson correlation coefficient.The best-performing MLP is obtained by analyzing the training results with various hyper-parameter combinations.A reference sequence starting from the initial states is obtained by integrating forward with the near-optimal control vector from the output of MLP.Finally,a system of linear algebraic equations for estimating the initial costates is derived using the reference sequence and the necessary conditions for optimality.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed initial costates solver improves the convergence ratio and reduce the function calls of the shooting function.Furthermore,Monte-Carlo simulation illustrates that the initial costates solver is applicable to different initial velocities,demonstrating excellent generalization ability.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260254,82060245)the Technology Project of Guizhou Province(20204Y149)+2 种基金the Technology Project of Guizhou Province(2021047)the Excellent Young Talents Training Program of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University(rc220220923)the High-level innovative talents of Guizhou Province(GCC 2023081)。
文摘Purpose:Traumatic brain injury(TBI),currently a major global public health problem,imposes a significant economic burden on society and families.We aimed to quantify and predict the incidence and severity of TBI by analyzing its incidence,prevalence,and years lived with disability(YLDs).The epidemiological changes in TBI from 1990 to 2019 were described and updated to provide a reference for developing prevention,treatment,and incidence-reducing measures for TBI.Methods:A secondary analysis was performed on the incidence,prevalence,and YLDs of TBI by sex,age group,and region(n=21,204 countries and territories)between 1990 and 2019 using the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study 2019.Proportions in the age-standardized incidence rate due to underlying causes of TBI and proportions of minor and moderate or severe TBI were also reported.Results:In 2019,there were 27.16 million(95%uncertainty intervals(UI):23.36-31.42)new cases of TBI worldwide,with age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of 346 per 100,000 population(95%UI:298-401)and 599 per 100,000 population(95%UI:573-627),respectively.From 1990 to 2019,there were no significant trends in global age-standardized incidence(estimated annual percentage changes:-0.11%,95%UI:-0.18%--0.04%)or prevalence(estimated annual percentage changes:0.01%,95%UI:-0.04%-0.06%).TBI caused 7.08 million(95%UI:5.00-9.59)YLDs in 2019,with age-standardized rates of 86.5 per 100,000 population(95%UI:61.1-117.2).In 2019,the countries with higher incidence rates were mainly distributed in Central Europe,Eastern Europe,and Australia.The 2019 global age-standardized incidence rate was higher in males than in females.The 2019 global incidence of moderate and severe TBI was 182.7 per 100,000 population,accounting for 52.8%of all TBI,with falls and road traffic injuries being the main causes in most regions.Conclusions:The incidence of moderate and severe TBI was slightly higher in 2019,and TBI still accounts for a significant portion of the global injury burden.The likelihood of moderate to severe TBI and the trend of major injury under each injury cause from 1990 to 2019 and the characteristics of injury mechanisms in each age group are presented,providing a basis for further research on injury causes in each age group and the future establishment of corresponding policies and protective measures.
基金Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants to X.-L. Zhang from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30870122, 30670098 and 20532020）, 973 Program of China 2006CB 504300 and 2009CB522507, National Grand Program on Key Infectious Disease （2008ZX10003-005）, Hubei Province Science Technology Department （2006ABD007, 2007ABC 010） and Hubei Ministry of Public Health of （JX1B074）.
文摘L-ficolin, one of lectin families, is a recently identified complement factor that initiates lectin pathway of complement. Little is known about its role in viral hepatitis. In the present study, we found that L-ficolin in serum from 103 patients with hepatitis C virus （HCV）, were significantly higher than that in 150 healthy controls. We further found that L-ficolin expressions were significantly increased in vitro study by HCV JFH-1 infected human hepatocyte cell line Huh7.5.1. Investigation of the mechanisms of the L-ficolin action on HCV demonstrated that L-ficolin protein could recognize and bind to envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 of HCV, activating the lectin complement pathway-mediated cytolytic activity in HCV-infected hepatocyte. This interaction between L-ficolin and HCV E1 and E2 glycoproteins was attributed to the N-glycans of E1 and E2. These findings provide new insights into the biological functions of L-ficolin in clinically important hepatic viral diseases.
基金supported by Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project(20210302005NC)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020TC178)+1 种基金Recruitment Program of Global Experts,China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04)Jilin Province Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(CXGC2021ZD002)。
文摘Male-sterile plants are used in hybrid breeding to improve yield in soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.).Developing the capability to alter fertility under different environmental conditions could broaden germplasm resources and simplify hybrid production.However,molecular mechanisms potentially underlying such a system in soybean were unclear.Here,using positional cloning,we identified a gene,MALE STERILITY 3(MS3),which encodes a nuclear-localized protein containing a plant homeodomain(PHD)-finger domain.A spontaneous mutation in ms3 causing premature termination of MS3 translation and partial loss of the PHD-finger.Transgenetic analysis indicated that MS3 knockout resulted in nonfunctional pollen and no selfpollinated pods,and RNA-seq analysis revealed that MS3 affects the expression of genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism.Strikingly,the fertility of mutant ms3 can restore under longd conditions.The mutant could thus be used to create a new,more stable photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility line for two-line hybrid seed production,with significant impact on hybrid breeding and production.
文摘Purpose： To observe the therapeutic effect of interventional embolization and haemorrhage control in multiple trauma patients with a major abdominal or pelvic injury. Methods： Data of 160 multiple trauma patients with a major abdominal or pelvic injury were retro- spectively analyzed. They were admitted into the Department of Emergency of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College from October 2013 to April 2016. Eighty-seven patients who received emergent intervention for embolization and haemorrhage control were set as group A, including 72 males and 15 females, with an average age of （39.32 ±14.0） years. Patients underwent emergent intervention for embolization and hemostasis. The other 73 patients who received traditional surgeries were set as group B, including 62 males and 11 females, with an average age of （38.48 ± 13.12） years. The time from admission to emergency intervention, the time of interventional embolization, transfusion during hospitalization, length of stay and prognosis were observed. The whole treatment and prognosis were compared between group A and group B. Results： In group A, the average time from admission to intervention exploration was （132.05 ± 86.80） min, the average operation time was （149 ± 49.69） min, the average hospitalization time was （18.37±4.71 ） days, the average amount of RBC transfusion during hospitalization was （Z2 ± 4.33） units, and the mortality was 4.60% （4 patients died）. The corresponding data in group B were respectively （138.95± 82.49） min, （183 ± 52.39） min, （22.72 ± 6.63） days, （12.23 ± 5.43） units, and 9.59% （7 cases died）. There was no statistical difference in the time from admission to operation between the two groups （p 〉 0.05）, but there was statistical difference in operation time, RBC transfusion, hospitalization time, prognosis, and mortality between the two groups （all p 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The emergent intervention for embolization and haemorrhage control of multiple trauma patients with a major abdominal or pelvic injury and visceral organ haemorrhage has the advantages of less trauma, shorter operation time, shorter hospital stay, less blood transfusion in comparison to the traditional emergency surgeries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81900097,81903401)the Emergency Response Project of Hubei Science and Technology Department(2020FCA023)+3 种基金the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province of China(tsqn20161046)the Shandong Province Higher Educational Young and Innovation Technology Supporting Program(2019KJL004)the Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University(2019RC010)the Emergency Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center of Central China.
文摘Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has affected approximately 2 million individuals worldwide;however,data regarding fatal cases have been limited.Objective:To report the clinical features of 162 fatal cases of COVID-19 from 5 hospitals in Wuhan between December 30,2019 and March 12,2020.Methods:The demographic data,signs and symptoms,clinical course,comorbidities,laboratory findings,computed tomographic(CT)scans,treatments,and complications of the patients with fatal cases were retrieved from electronic medical records.Results:The median patient age was 69.5(interquartile range:63.0–77.25)years,and 80%of the patients were over 61 years.A total of 112(69.1%)patients were men.Hypertension(45.1%)was the most common comorbidity,while 59(36.4%)patients had no comorbidity.At admission,131(81.9%)patients had severe or critical COVID-19,whereas 39(18.1%)patients with hypertension or chronic lung disease had moderate COVID-19.In total,126(77.8%)patients received antiviral treatment,while 132(81.5%)patients received glucocorticoid treatment.A total of 116(71.6%)patients were admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU),and 137(85.1%)patients received mechanical ventilation.Most patients received mechanical ventilation before ICU admission.Approximately 93.2%of the patients developed respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome.There were no significant differences in the inhospital survival time among the hospitals(P=0.14).Conclusion:Young patients with moderate COVID-19 without comorbidity at admission could also develop fatal outcomes.The in-hospital survival time of the fatal cases was similar among the hospitals of different levels in Wuhan.
