The current research aimed to optimize the preparation technology of tributyrin nano-emulsion(TBNE)to improve its digestion properties, which were investigated through digestion models in vitro and in vivo. The conten...The current research aimed to optimize the preparation technology of tributyrin nano-emulsion(TBNE)to improve its digestion properties, which were investigated through digestion models in vitro and in vivo. The content of each component of TBNE was optimized by response surface methodology(RSM) to improve the z-average particle size and stability of TBNE. The optimized TBNE was evaluated for its digestion properties by in vitro and in vivo models. The preparation conditions of TBNE optimized by RSM were as follows: 61.3% of sorbitol, 32.7% of tributyrin, and 6.0% of modified phospholipid(MP). The predicted z-average particle size of TBNE was(246.02 ± 18.10) nm. The results of the verification test showed that the z-average particle size, zeta potential, conductivity, emulsification activity index, and emulsification stability index of TBNE were(250.02 ± 7.18) nm,(-40.23 ± 0.76) m V,(31.80 ± 2.09) μS/cm,(848.00 ± 84.53) min and(1.14 ± 0.02) m^(2)/g, respectively. The in vitro digestion experiment results showed that the TBNE remained stable in the stomach and was released in the intestine, while the size of TBNE in the gastrointestinal tact was significantly smaller than that of tributyrin(P < 0.05), which made it easier to be digested and absorbed. Compared with tributyrin treatment, TBNE significantly promoted the average body weight at the 7th day, average daily feed intake,average daily gain, feed/gain, ileum weight, and organ index of ileum of Hy-Line BROWN chicks(P < 0.05), and the butyric acid content in the ileal chyme from TBNE and tributyrin treatment were172.18 mg/m L and 100.85 mg/m L(P < 0.01). Therefore, the established TBNE technology in this study could be supposed to improve the digestion properties of tributyrin.展开更多
Because of its unique geographical location and ecological function, the Liaohe Delta Wetland is important in maintaining regional ecological balance and security. Monitoring and evaluating changes in the wetland are ...Because of its unique geographical location and ecological function, the Liaohe Delta Wetland is important in maintaining regional ecological balance and security. Monitoring and evaluating changes in the wetland are therefore of great importance. We used medium-and high-resolution satellite data, meteorological station data, and site measurement data to analyze changes in the area and spatial distribution of Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa in the Liaohe Delta Wetland from 1998 to 2017, as well as their growth response to the climate change. The results showed that during 1998–2017, the areas of both P. australis and S. salsa wetlands alternated through periods of decreasing,increasing, and then decreasing trends. The annual change in the area and spatial distribution range of S. salsa fluctuated more than that of P. australis. The annual variation of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) in P. australis wetland showed an upward trend from 1998 to 2017. The area of P. australis cover that was improved, unchanged, and decreased accounted for 81.8%, 12.3%, and 5.9%, respectively, of the total area;evaporation and wind speed were the main meteorological factors affecting the NDVI;and contribution rates of the climate change and human activities to the NDVI were 73.2% and 26.8%, respectively. The area with vegetation cover being mainly S.salsa that was improved, unchanged, and decreased accounted for 63.3%, 18.3%, and 18.4%, respectively, of the total area;and no meteorological factors significantly affected the NDVI of S. salsa in the region. The interaction between vegetation growth and meteorological factors may help to explain the increasing trend in vegetation cover.The improvement in wetland vegetation also led to carbon sequestration and an increase in sequestration capacity.展开更多
The Xiaoxing’an Mountains,located in the temperate monsoon climate zone in Northeast China,have the largest and most complete virgin Korean pine forest in Asia,which has great potential for carbon sequestration.Based...The Xiaoxing’an Mountains,located in the temperate monsoon climate zone in Northeast China,have the largest and most complete virgin Korean pine forest in Asia,which has great potential for carbon sequestration.Based on the observational data of the eddy-covariance system at Wuying National Climate Observatory in January 2015–November 2017,the CO_(2)flux in the forest ecosystem around the observatory was quantitatively studied and the distribution characteristics of the flux source area were analyzed by the Kljun model and the Agroscope Reckenholz–Tänikon footprint tool,providing references for assessing the carbon source/sink potential of the unique forest area.The results showed that the annual total carbon flux around the observatory in 2015,2016,and 2017 was−756.84,−834.73,and−629.37 gC m−2,respectively,higher than that of other forest ecosystems.The forest of the study area in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains was a strong carbon sink,with the strongest carbon fixation capacity in June and weakest in October,and the carbon flux of each month was less than zero.The flux source area under stable atmospheric conditions was larger than that under unstable conditions,and the source area was larger in the nongrowing season than in the growing season.The size of the source area was largest in winter,followed by spring,autumn,and summer.The maximum length of the source area was 1614.12 m(5639.33 m)under unstable(stable)conditions when the flux contribution rate was 90%.The peak flux contribution was located near the sensor(i.e.,within 200 m)in all seasons.The contribution of the source area from the coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest on the west side of the observatory was greater than(3.4 times)that from the Korean pine forest on the east side.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1300300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371782)the Foundation of Henan University of Technology(2020BS008)。
文摘The current research aimed to optimize the preparation technology of tributyrin nano-emulsion(TBNE)to improve its digestion properties, which were investigated through digestion models in vitro and in vivo. The content of each component of TBNE was optimized by response surface methodology(RSM) to improve the z-average particle size and stability of TBNE. The optimized TBNE was evaluated for its digestion properties by in vitro and in vivo models. The preparation conditions of TBNE optimized by RSM were as follows: 61.3% of sorbitol, 32.7% of tributyrin, and 6.0% of modified phospholipid(MP). The predicted z-average particle size of TBNE was(246.02 ± 18.10) nm. The results of the verification test showed that the z-average particle size, zeta potential, conductivity, emulsification activity index, and emulsification stability index of TBNE were(250.02 ± 7.18) nm,(-40.23 ± 0.76) m V,(31.80 ± 2.09) μS/cm,(848.00 ± 84.53) min and(1.14 ± 0.02) m^(2)/g, respectively. The in vitro digestion experiment results showed that the TBNE remained stable in the stomach and was released in the intestine, while the size of TBNE in the gastrointestinal tact was significantly smaller than that of tributyrin(P < 0.05), which made it easier to be digested and absorbed. Compared with tributyrin treatment, TBNE significantly promoted the average body weight at the 7th day, average daily feed intake,average daily gain, feed/gain, ileum weight, and organ index of ileum of Hy-Line BROWN chicks(P < 0.05), and the butyric acid content in the ileal chyme from TBNE and tributyrin treatment were172.18 mg/m L and 100.85 mg/m L(P < 0.01). Therefore, the established TBNE technology in this study could be supposed to improve the digestion properties of tributyrin.
基金Supported by the Provincial Industrialization Application Project of China High-Resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS) of State Administration of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense,PRC (70-Y40G09-9001-18/20)Provincial Key Research and Development Project of Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province (2018108004)+1 种基金Climate Change Project of China Meteorological Administration (CCSF201910)China Meteorological Administration Construction Project in 2019 (Construction and Demonstration of Wetland Ecological Remote Sensing Application Capacity in Liaoning Province)。
文摘Because of its unique geographical location and ecological function, the Liaohe Delta Wetland is important in maintaining regional ecological balance and security. Monitoring and evaluating changes in the wetland are therefore of great importance. We used medium-and high-resolution satellite data, meteorological station data, and site measurement data to analyze changes in the area and spatial distribution of Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa in the Liaohe Delta Wetland from 1998 to 2017, as well as their growth response to the climate change. The results showed that during 1998–2017, the areas of both P. australis and S. salsa wetlands alternated through periods of decreasing,increasing, and then decreasing trends. The annual change in the area and spatial distribution range of S. salsa fluctuated more than that of P. australis. The annual variation of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) in P. australis wetland showed an upward trend from 1998 to 2017. The area of P. australis cover that was improved, unchanged, and decreased accounted for 81.8%, 12.3%, and 5.9%, respectively, of the total area;evaporation and wind speed were the main meteorological factors affecting the NDVI;and contribution rates of the climate change and human activities to the NDVI were 73.2% and 26.8%, respectively. The area with vegetation cover being mainly S.salsa that was improved, unchanged, and decreased accounted for 63.3%, 18.3%, and 18.4%, respectively, of the total area;and no meteorological factors significantly affected the NDVI of S. salsa in the region. The interaction between vegetation growth and meteorological factors may help to explain the increasing trend in vegetation cover.The improvement in wetland vegetation also led to carbon sequestration and an increase in sequestration capacity.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey Program of China(2019FY101300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42141016).
文摘The Xiaoxing’an Mountains,located in the temperate monsoon climate zone in Northeast China,have the largest and most complete virgin Korean pine forest in Asia,which has great potential for carbon sequestration.Based on the observational data of the eddy-covariance system at Wuying National Climate Observatory in January 2015–November 2017,the CO_(2)flux in the forest ecosystem around the observatory was quantitatively studied and the distribution characteristics of the flux source area were analyzed by the Kljun model and the Agroscope Reckenholz–Tänikon footprint tool,providing references for assessing the carbon source/sink potential of the unique forest area.The results showed that the annual total carbon flux around the observatory in 2015,2016,and 2017 was−756.84,−834.73,and−629.37 gC m−2,respectively,higher than that of other forest ecosystems.The forest of the study area in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains was a strong carbon sink,with the strongest carbon fixation capacity in June and weakest in October,and the carbon flux of each month was less than zero.The flux source area under stable atmospheric conditions was larger than that under unstable conditions,and the source area was larger in the nongrowing season than in the growing season.The size of the source area was largest in winter,followed by spring,autumn,and summer.The maximum length of the source area was 1614.12 m(5639.33 m)under unstable(stable)conditions when the flux contribution rate was 90%.The peak flux contribution was located near the sensor(i.e.,within 200 m)in all seasons.The contribution of the source area from the coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest on the west side of the observatory was greater than(3.4 times)that from the Korean pine forest on the east side.
