Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an important industrial crop with a high medicinal value,whose capitulum consists of ray and disc florets containing numerous bioactive components,such as flavonoids and phenolic acid...Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an important industrial crop with a high medicinal value,whose capitulum consists of ray and disc florets containing numerous bioactive components,such as flavonoids and phenolic acids.However,the distribution and accumulations of the bioactive metabolites in florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were unclear.Herein,the ray and disc florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were separated for comparing the bioactive metabolites.The contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities were significantly different between the two florets.The metabolomic analysis identified 203 and 241 differential metabolites between ray and disc florets at two flowering stages.The derivatives of quercetin,isorhamnetin,tricin,and caffeoylquinic acid were enriched in the disc florets,while apigenin,kaempferol,acacetin,and their glycosides mainly accumulated in the ray florets.Besides,the results of transcriptome and qRT-PCR suggested that the F3H,F3'H,and FLS genes highly expressed in disc florets,while the FNS gene was well expressed in ray florets,which explained the different distribution of phenolic compounds between ray and disc florets.Furthermore,the expression of CmCYC2 genes was found to be significantly related to the distribution of flavones by correlation analysis.It was proved by the luciferase reporter assay that CmCYC2a and CmCYC2d factors could bind and activate the CmFNS promoter to regulate the flavones biosynthesis in ray florets.These results revealed the significant difference of metabolite contents and gene expression profile between ray and disc floret in Chrysanthemum morifolium and demonstrated that the quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Hangju'was closely relevant to its flower morphology.展开更多
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81503180)the Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2021E10013)+1 种基金the Opening Project of NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.AHYJ-KFKT-202101)the Earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(Grant No.JATS[2022]460)。
文摘Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an important industrial crop with a high medicinal value,whose capitulum consists of ray and disc florets containing numerous bioactive components,such as flavonoids and phenolic acids.However,the distribution and accumulations of the bioactive metabolites in florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were unclear.Herein,the ray and disc florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were separated for comparing the bioactive metabolites.The contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities were significantly different between the two florets.The metabolomic analysis identified 203 and 241 differential metabolites between ray and disc florets at two flowering stages.The derivatives of quercetin,isorhamnetin,tricin,and caffeoylquinic acid were enriched in the disc florets,while apigenin,kaempferol,acacetin,and their glycosides mainly accumulated in the ray florets.Besides,the results of transcriptome and qRT-PCR suggested that the F3H,F3'H,and FLS genes highly expressed in disc florets,while the FNS gene was well expressed in ray florets,which explained the different distribution of phenolic compounds between ray and disc florets.Furthermore,the expression of CmCYC2 genes was found to be significantly related to the distribution of flavones by correlation analysis.It was proved by the luciferase reporter assay that CmCYC2a and CmCYC2d factors could bind and activate the CmFNS promoter to regulate the flavones biosynthesis in ray florets.These results revealed the significant difference of metabolite contents and gene expression profile between ray and disc floret in Chrysanthemum morifolium and demonstrated that the quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Hangju'was closely relevant to its flower morphology.
