Nitrogen(N)significantly affects rice yield and lodging resistance.Previous studies have primarily investigated the impact of N management on rice lodging in conventional rice monoculture(RM);however,few studies have ...Nitrogen(N)significantly affects rice yield and lodging resistance.Previous studies have primarily investigated the impact of N management on rice lodging in conventional rice monoculture(RM);however,few studies have performed such investigations in rice-crayfish coculture(RC).We hypothesized that RC would increase rice lodging risk and that optimizing N application practices would improve rice lodging resistance without affecting food security.We conducted a two-factor(rice farming mode and N management practice)field experiment from2021 to 2022 to test our hypothesis.The rice farming modes included RM and RC,and the N management practices included no nitrogen fertilizer,conventional N application,and optimized N treatment.The rice yield and lodging resistance characteristics,such as morphology,mechanical and chemical characteristics,anatomic structure,and gene expression levels,were analyzed and compared among the treatments.Under the same N application practice,RC decreased the rice yield by 11.1-24.4% and increased the lodging index by 19.6-45.6% compared with the values yielded in RM.In RC,optimized N application decreased the plant height,panicle neck node height,center of gravity height,bending stress,and lodging index by 4.0-4.8%,5.2-7.8%,0.5-4.5%,5.5-10.5%,and 1.8-19.5%,respectively,compared with those in the conventional N application practice.Furthermore,it increased the culm diameter,culm wall thickness,breaking strength,and non-structural and structural carbohydrate content by 0.8-4.9%,2.2-53.1%,13.5-19.2%,2.2-24.7%,and 31.3-87.2%,respectively.Optimized N application increased sclerenchymal and parenchymal tissue areas of the vascular bundle at the culm wall of the base second internode.Furthermore,optimized N application upregulated genes involved in lignin and cellulose synthesis,thereby promoting lower internodes on the rice stem and enhancing lodging resistance.Optimized N application in RC significantly reduced the lodging index by 1.8-19.5%and stabilized the rice yield(>8,570 kg ha~(-1)on average).This study systematically analyzed and compared the differences in lodging characteristics between RM and RC.The findings will aid in the development of more efficient practices for RC that will reduce N fertilizer application.展开更多
Salicylic acid(SA),a vital endogenous hormone,plays a crucial role in plant growth and the response to abiotic and biotic stress.Isochorismate synthase(ICS)and phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)are critical rate-limitin...Salicylic acid(SA),a vital endogenous hormone,plays a crucial role in plant growth and the response to abiotic and biotic stress.Isochorismate synthase(ICS)and phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)are critical rate-limiting enzymes for SA synthesis.Fusarium head blight(FHB)seriously threatens the safety of wheat production,but increasing the content of SA can enhance FHB resistance.However,the pathway of SA synthesis and regulation in wheat remains unknown.In this study,three wheat ICS(TaICSA,TaICSB,and TaICSD)were identified,and their functions were validated in vitro for isomerizing chorismate to isochorismate.The mutation of one or two homoeoalleles of TaICSA,TaICSB,and TaICSD in the wheat variety‘Cadenza’reduced SA levels under ultraviolet treatment and Fusarium graminearum infection,further enhancing sensitivity to FHB.Overexpression of TaICSA can significantly enhance SA levels and resistance to FHB.To further study SA synthesis pathways in wheat and avoid interference with pathogenicity related genes,the leaves of wild-type Cadenza and different TaICS mutant lines were subjected to ultraviolet treatment for transcriptomic analysis.The results showed that 37 PALs might be involved in endogenous SA synthesis,and 82 WRKY and MYB family transcription factors may regulate the expression of ICS and PAL.These results were further confirmed by RT-PCR.In conclusion,this study expands our knowledge of SA biosynthesis and identifies TaICSA,as well as several additional candidate genes that encode transcription factors for regulating endogenous SA levels,as part of an efficient strategy for enhancing FHB resistance in wheat.展开更多
Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),is a devastating disease in wheat worldwide.Discovering and characterizing new resistance genes/QTL is crucial for wheat breeding programs.In this study,we ...Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),is a devastating disease in wheat worldwide.Discovering and characterizing new resistance genes/QTL is crucial for wheat breeding programs.In this study,we fine-mapped and characterized a stripe rust resistance gene,YRAYH,on chromosome arm 5BL in the Chinese wheat landrace Anyuehong(AYH).Evaluations of stripe rust response to prevalent Chinese Pst races in near-isogenic lines derived from a cross of Anyuehong and Taichung 29 showed that YrAYH conferred a high level of resistance at all growth stages.Fine mapping using a large segregating population of 9748 plants,narrowed the YRAYH locus to a 3.7 Mb interval on chromosome arm 5BL that included 61 annotated genes.Transcriptome analysis of two NIL pairs identified 64 upregulated differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the resistant NILs(NILs-R).Annotations indicated that many of these genes have roles in plant disease resistance pathways.Through a combined approach of fine-mapping and transcriptome sequencing,we identified a serine/threonine-protein kinase SRPK as a candidate gene underlying YrAYH.A unique 25 bp insertion was identified in the NILs-R compared to the NILs-S and previously published wheat genomes.An InDel marker was developed and co-segregated with YrAYH.Agronomic trait evaluation of the NILs suggested that YrAYH not only reduces the impact of stripe rust but was also associated with a gene that increases plant height and spike length.展开更多
The flesh color of pummelo(Citrus maxima)fruits is highly diverse and largely depends on the level of carotenoids,which are beneficial to human health.It is vital to investigate the regulatory network of carotenoid bi...The flesh color of pummelo(Citrus maxima)fruits is highly diverse and largely depends on the level of carotenoids,which are beneficial to human health.It is vital to investigate the regulatory network of carotenoid biosynthesis to improve the carotenoid content in pummelo.However,the molecular mechanism underlying carotenoid accumulation in pummelo is not fully understood.In this study,we identified a novel histone methyltransferase gene,CgSDG40,involved in carotenoid regulation by analyzing the flesh transcriptome of typical white-fleshed pummelo,red-fleshed pummelo and extreme-colored F1 hybrids from a segregated pummelo population.Expression of CgSDG40 corresponded to flesh color change and was highly coexpressed with CgPSY1.Interestingly,CgSDG40 and CgPSY1 are located physically adjacent to each other on the chromosome in opposite directions,sharing a partially overlapping promoter region.Subcellular localization analysis indicated that CgSDG40 localizes to the nucleus.Overexpression of CgSDG40 significantly increased the total carotenoid content in citrus calli relative to that in wild type.In addition,expression of CgPSY1 was significantly activated in overexpression lines relative to wild type.Taken together,our findings reveal a novel histone methyltransferase regulator,CgSDG40,involved in the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in citrus and provide new strategies for molecular design breeding and genetic improvement of fruit color and nutritional quality.展开更多
Research has indicated that simple forest eco-system composition,structure and diversity have uncompli-cated community relationships and insufficient pest control capabilities.To investigate changing characteristics o...Research has indicated that simple forest eco-system composition,structure and diversity have uncompli-cated community relationships and insufficient pest control capabilities.To investigate changing characteristics of plant and insect communities in under pest outbreaks in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations,the research areas were defined as mature(48–50 years)and young(24–29 years)infested stands along with healthy stands.The results show a reduction in the complexity and diversity of plant communi-ties and herbaceous plant guilds(polycultures of beneficial plants)and the complexity and dominance of insect com-munities,especially natural insect enemies.The results also show the relative simplicity of the main factors of commu-nity change and development that represent the characteris-tics of pest outbreaks in L.principis-rupprechtii plantations.The complexity and diversity of plant communities,particu-larly herbaceous plant guilds play a fundamental role in the regulation and development in forest ecosystems.展开更多
Scientific knowledge about the ancestral genome of core eudicot plant kingdom can potentially have profound impacts on both basic and applied research,including evolution,genetics,genomics,ecology,agriculture,forestry...Scientific knowledge about the ancestral genome of core eudicot plant kingdom can potentially have profound impacts on both basic and applied research,including evolution,genetics,genomics,ecology,agriculture,forestry,and global climate.To investigate which plant conserves best the core eudicots common ancestor genome,we compared Arcto-Tertiary relict Nyssaceae and 30 other eudicot plant families.The genomes of Davidia involucrata(a known living fossil),Camptotheca acuminata and Nyssa sinensis,one per existent genus of Nyssaceae,were performed comparative genomic analysis.We found that Nyssaceae originated from a single Nyssaceae common tetraploidization event(NCT)-autotetraploidization 28-31 Mya after the core eudicot common hexaploidization(ECH).We identified Nyssaceae orthologous and paralogous genes,determined its chromosomal evolutionary trajectory,and reconstructed the Nyssaceae most recent ancestor genome.D.involucrata genome contained the entire seven paleochromosomes and 17 ECH-generated eudicot common ancestor chromosomes and was the slowest in mutation among the analyzed 42 species of 31 plant families.Combing both its high retention of paleochromosomes and its low mutation rate,D.involucrata provides the best case in conservation of the core eudicot paleogenome.展开更多
A wide range of terrain features and landforms,which are exemplified by intricate geological formations and diverse rock compositions,are found in the western mountainous regions of China.These areas frequently encoun...A wide range of terrain features and landforms,which are exemplified by intricate geological formations and diverse rock compositions,are found in the western mountainous regions of China.These areas frequently encounter geological disasters.As one of the natural disasters,landslides lead to considerable loss of human life and property.Considering mitigation of the losses caused by landslide disasters,a necessary measure for disaster prevention and mitigation involves conducting detailed investigations and monitoring of landslides,which is also the cornerstone of landslide warning.This study compares and analyzes the feasibility of the magnetotelluric detection method for landslides using the results of engineering geological surveys and landslide monitoring.The study aims to address the scientific problem of the validity of using magnetotelluric methods to detect landslide development processes.The Tangjiawan landslide signal on the left side of the K94+000~K94+145 section of the Wenma Expressway is analyzed by employing engineering geological survey,magnetotelluric detection,landslide monitoring,landslide analysis,and other methods.Analysis results provide the static electrical characteristics of lithology,structure,and groundwater,as well as the dynamic electrical characteristics of landslide development.This study focuses on analyzing the relationship between the methods of magnetotelluric detection and engineering geological surveys and the results of landslide monitoring.The workflow and methods for data collection,processing,inversion,interpretation,and analysis using the magnetotelluric method to detect the dynamic development process of landslides are presented in the conclusion.Preliminary conclusions indicate a strong correlation between the dynamic changes in magnetotelluric wave impedance with the surface displacement of landslides and the dynamic changes in groundwater.The use of the magnetotelluric method for landslide detection and monitoring is a feasible example.The research results can offer certain technical references for the detection and monitoring of landslides using magnetotelluric methods and also provide references and guidance for the selection of diversified landslide monitoring methods in the future.展开更多
Loess soils are widely distributed worldwide and typical in northwest China,and excessive agricultural irrigation has caused landslides in the area,specifically in the Heifangtai loess region in Lanzhou,Gansu,China.Ge...Loess soils are widely distributed worldwide and typical in northwest China,and excessive agricultural irrigation has caused landslides in the area,specifically in the Heifangtai loess region in Lanzhou,Gansu,China.Geophysical exploration is an essential method in landslide engineering geological surveys,and geological surveying,drilling,geophysical prospecting,monitoring,and other methods are used for performing engineering geological evaluation and obtaining comprehensive basic data for landslide protection design and construction.The theoretical feasibility of using geophysical methods in loess landslide detection is essential.On the basis of the shallow geological structure of the Heifangtai landslide region in Lanzhou,Gansu,China,a typical geoelectric model of the magnetotelluric method was established,and the loess landslide area was modeled through a two-dimensional finite element method,forward numerical simulation,and engineering geological analysis.The distribution characteristics of the magnetotelluric field were determined.This is a typical application of the geological process analysis method in geophysical exploration.This study provides the typical stratigraphic structure and electrical characteristics of different groundwater distributions in Heifangtai,Gansu,China,verifies the accuracy of forward modeling and calculation results,and provides a detailed theoretical basis for landslide detection through magnetotelluric methods.Through the numerical simulation of the forward modeling of the Heifangtai landslide region in Lanzhou,Gansu,China,this study can provide a detailed geophysical basis for landslide investigation,corroborate results of geological investigation and landslide design,and facilitate the sustainable development of agriculture in Heifangtai.展开更多
As an important spice species in Rutaceae, the Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum) can provide pungent and numbing taste, as well as aroma in its mature fruit. Here we assembled a chromosome-level genome of green pri...As an important spice species in Rutaceae, the Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum) can provide pungent and numbing taste, as well as aroma in its mature fruit. Here we assembled a chromosome-level genome of green prickly ash which was widely cultivated in a major production area including Chongqing and Sichuan province, China. We generated 712 Gb (~112×) PacBio long reads and 511 Gb (~82×) Hi-C data, and yielded an assembly of 99 pseudochromosomes with total size of 5.32 Gb and contig N50 of 796 kb. The genomic analyses and cytogenetic experiments both indicated that the cultivarZhuye Huajiao’ was a triploid. We identified a Zanthoxylum-specific whole genome duplication event emerging about 24.8 million years ago (Mya). We also detected a transposition burst event (0.3-0.4 Mya) responsible for the large genome size of Z. armatum. Metabolomic analysis of the Zanthoxylum fruits during development stages revealed profiles of39 volatile aroma compounds and 528 secondary metabolites, from which six types of sanshools were identified. Based on metabolomic and transcriptomic network analysis, we screened candidate genes encoding long chain acyl-CoA synthetase, fatty acid desaturase,branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase involved in sanshool biosynthesis and three genes encoding terpene synthase during fruit development. The multi-omics data provide insights into the evolution of Zanthoxylum and molecular basis of numbing and aroma flavor of Sichuan pepper.展开更多
The Ordos Basin is a large cratonic basin with stable deposition in Northwest China.Given its mostly stable subsidence background and the urgent need for saline water disposal and carbon dioxide storage in the coal mi...The Ordos Basin is a large cratonic basin with stable deposition in Northwest China.Given its mostly stable subsidence background and the urgent need for saline water disposal and carbon dioxide storage in the coal mining and coal chemical industries,the Ordos Basin has been chosen as a pilot demonstration site for carbon dioxide and saline water storage in China.However,few studies have been made to evaluate the sedimentary and sequence stratigraphy characteristics of this region,as well as their influence on carbon dioxide and saline water storage potential.To address this research gap,we conducted a sedimentary study of the Lower Triassic Liujiagou Formation in the northeastern Ordos Basin utilizing the stratigraphy theory,laboratory test analysis,and pilot project demonstration,to evaluate the area's viability for the deep geological storage of gas and liquid waste.We studied the tectonic setting,petrological features,and sedimentary characteristics of the favorable strata and predicted favorable areas based on sequence stratigraphy theory.The lithology predominantly consists of feldspathic graywacke,with a fine grain size and mostly fine-to-medium-grained sandstone.The distribution of thick-grained sandstone and fine-grained sediment was identified by dividing the sequence,and a favorable reservoir-cap assemblage configuration was formed.It's concluded that the Lower Triassic Liujiagou Formation exhibits suitable characteristics for the deep geological storage of carbon dioxide and saline water.This study demonstrates the importance of basic theory in guiding practical applications and provides a reference for the scientific selection of favorable areas for deep basin storage.展开更多
This study mainly investigates the mechanical mechanism of overlying strata breaking and the development of fractured zones during close-distance coal seam group mining in the Gaojialiang coal mine.First,a mechanical ...This study mainly investigates the mechanical mechanism of overlying strata breaking and the development of fractured zones during close-distance coal seam group mining in the Gaojialiang coal mine.First,a mechanical model for the second"activation"of broken overlying strata is established,and the related mechanical"activation"conditions are obtained.A recursive formula for calculating the separation distance of overlying strata is deduced.Second,a height determining method for predicting the height of fractured zones during close-distance coal seam group mining is proposed based on two values,namely,the separation distance and ultimate subsidence value of overlying strata.This method is applied to calculate the fractured zone heights in nos.20107 and 20307 mining faces.The calculated results are almost equal to the field observation results.Third,a modified formula for calculating the height of a waterflowing fractured zone is proposed.A comparison of the calculated and observed results shows that the errors are small.The height determining method and modified formula not only build a theoretical foundation for water conservation mining at the Gaojialiang coal mine,but also provide a reference for estimating the height of water-flowing fractured zones in other coal mines with similar conditions.展开更多
基金supported by the Construction S&T Project of Department of Transportation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2023A02,No.2024A04,No.2020A01)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2022YFG0141)+3 种基金the Research Project of Sichuan Highway Planning,Survey,Design,and Research Institute Ltd.(Grant No.KYXM2021000049,No.KYXM2022000038,No.KYXM202300056)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41630640)the National Science Foundation of Innovation Research Group(41521002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41790445).
基金supported by the Construction S&T Project of Department of Transportation of Sichuan Province (Grant No.2023A02,No.2024A04,No.2020A01)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant No.2022YFG0141)+3 种基金the Research Project of Sichuan Highway Planning,Survey,Design,and Research Institute Ltd. (Grant No.KYXM2021000049,KYXM2022000038,No.KYXM2023000056)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41630640)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41790445)the National Science Foundation of Innovation Research Group (41521002)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301961)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20210791)+3 种基金the General Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province,China(2023SJYB2057)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD)the Qinglan Project of Yangzhou University,Chinathe Lv Yang Jin Feng Talent Plan of Yangzhou City,China(YZLYJF2020PHD100)。
文摘Nitrogen(N)significantly affects rice yield and lodging resistance.Previous studies have primarily investigated the impact of N management on rice lodging in conventional rice monoculture(RM);however,few studies have performed such investigations in rice-crayfish coculture(RC).We hypothesized that RC would increase rice lodging risk and that optimizing N application practices would improve rice lodging resistance without affecting food security.We conducted a two-factor(rice farming mode and N management practice)field experiment from2021 to 2022 to test our hypothesis.The rice farming modes included RM and RC,and the N management practices included no nitrogen fertilizer,conventional N application,and optimized N treatment.The rice yield and lodging resistance characteristics,such as morphology,mechanical and chemical characteristics,anatomic structure,and gene expression levels,were analyzed and compared among the treatments.Under the same N application practice,RC decreased the rice yield by 11.1-24.4% and increased the lodging index by 19.6-45.6% compared with the values yielded in RM.In RC,optimized N application decreased the plant height,panicle neck node height,center of gravity height,bending stress,and lodging index by 4.0-4.8%,5.2-7.8%,0.5-4.5%,5.5-10.5%,and 1.8-19.5%,respectively,compared with those in the conventional N application practice.Furthermore,it increased the culm diameter,culm wall thickness,breaking strength,and non-structural and structural carbohydrate content by 0.8-4.9%,2.2-53.1%,13.5-19.2%,2.2-24.7%,and 31.3-87.2%,respectively.Optimized N application increased sclerenchymal and parenchymal tissue areas of the vascular bundle at the culm wall of the base second internode.Furthermore,optimized N application upregulated genes involved in lignin and cellulose synthesis,thereby promoting lower internodes on the rice stem and enhancing lodging resistance.Optimized N application in RC significantly reduced the lodging index by 1.8-19.5%and stabilized the rice yield(>8,570 kg ha~(-1)on average).This study systematically analyzed and compared the differences in lodging characteristics between RM and RC.The findings will aid in the development of more efficient practices for RC that will reduce N fertilizer application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3210170116)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2022YFSY0035).
文摘Salicylic acid(SA),a vital endogenous hormone,plays a crucial role in plant growth and the response to abiotic and biotic stress.Isochorismate synthase(ICS)and phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)are critical rate-limiting enzymes for SA synthesis.Fusarium head blight(FHB)seriously threatens the safety of wheat production,but increasing the content of SA can enhance FHB resistance.However,the pathway of SA synthesis and regulation in wheat remains unknown.In this study,three wheat ICS(TaICSA,TaICSB,and TaICSD)were identified,and their functions were validated in vitro for isomerizing chorismate to isochorismate.The mutation of one or two homoeoalleles of TaICSA,TaICSB,and TaICSD in the wheat variety‘Cadenza’reduced SA levels under ultraviolet treatment and Fusarium graminearum infection,further enhancing sensitivity to FHB.Overexpression of TaICSA can significantly enhance SA levels and resistance to FHB.To further study SA synthesis pathways in wheat and avoid interference with pathogenicity related genes,the leaves of wild-type Cadenza and different TaICS mutant lines were subjected to ultraviolet treatment for transcriptomic analysis.The results showed that 37 PALs might be involved in endogenous SA synthesis,and 82 WRKY and MYB family transcription factors may regulate the expression of ICS and PAL.These results were further confirmed by RT-PCR.In conclusion,this study expands our knowledge of SA biosynthesis and identifies TaICSA,as well as several additional candidate genes that encode transcription factors for regulating endogenous SA levels,as part of an efficient strategy for enhancing FHB resistance in wheat.
基金supported by grants from the Major Program of National Agricultural Science and Technology of China(NK20220607)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272059 and 31971883)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2021YFYZ0002,2022ZDZX0014,and 2023NSFSC1995)。
文摘Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),is a devastating disease in wheat worldwide.Discovering and characterizing new resistance genes/QTL is crucial for wheat breeding programs.In this study,we fine-mapped and characterized a stripe rust resistance gene,YRAYH,on chromosome arm 5BL in the Chinese wheat landrace Anyuehong(AYH).Evaluations of stripe rust response to prevalent Chinese Pst races in near-isogenic lines derived from a cross of Anyuehong and Taichung 29 showed that YrAYH conferred a high level of resistance at all growth stages.Fine mapping using a large segregating population of 9748 plants,narrowed the YRAYH locus to a 3.7 Mb interval on chromosome arm 5BL that included 61 annotated genes.Transcriptome analysis of two NIL pairs identified 64 upregulated differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the resistant NILs(NILs-R).Annotations indicated that many of these genes have roles in plant disease resistance pathways.Through a combined approach of fine-mapping and transcriptome sequencing,we identified a serine/threonine-protein kinase SRPK as a candidate gene underlying YrAYH.A unique 25 bp insertion was identified in the NILs-R compared to the NILs-S and previously published wheat genomes.An InDel marker was developed and co-segregated with YrAYH.Agronomic trait evaluation of the NILs suggested that YrAYH not only reduces the impact of stripe rust but was also associated with a gene that increases plant height and spike length.
基金supported by the Major Special Projects and Key R&D Projects in Yunnan Province,China(202102AE090054)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31925034)+1 种基金the Foundation of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory granted to Dr.Qiang Xu,China(2021hszd016)the Key Project of Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(2021CFA017)。
文摘The flesh color of pummelo(Citrus maxima)fruits is highly diverse and largely depends on the level of carotenoids,which are beneficial to human health.It is vital to investigate the regulatory network of carotenoid biosynthesis to improve the carotenoid content in pummelo.However,the molecular mechanism underlying carotenoid accumulation in pummelo is not fully understood.In this study,we identified a novel histone methyltransferase gene,CgSDG40,involved in carotenoid regulation by analyzing the flesh transcriptome of typical white-fleshed pummelo,red-fleshed pummelo and extreme-colored F1 hybrids from a segregated pummelo population.Expression of CgSDG40 corresponded to flesh color change and was highly coexpressed with CgPSY1.Interestingly,CgSDG40 and CgPSY1 are located physically adjacent to each other on the chromosome in opposite directions,sharing a partially overlapping promoter region.Subcellular localization analysis indicated that CgSDG40 localizes to the nucleus.Overexpression of CgSDG40 significantly increased the total carotenoid content in citrus calli relative to that in wild type.In addition,expression of CgPSY1 was significantly activated in overexpression lines relative to wild type.Taken together,our findings reveal a novel histone methyltransferase regulator,CgSDG40,involved in the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in citrus and provide new strategies for molecular design breeding and genetic improvement of fruit color and nutritional quality.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no.32371882)
文摘Research has indicated that simple forest eco-system composition,structure and diversity have uncompli-cated community relationships and insufficient pest control capabilities.To investigate changing characteristics of plant and insect communities in under pest outbreaks in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations,the research areas were defined as mature(48–50 years)and young(24–29 years)infested stands along with healthy stands.The results show a reduction in the complexity and diversity of plant communi-ties and herbaceous plant guilds(polycultures of beneficial plants)and the complexity and dominance of insect com-munities,especially natural insect enemies.The results also show the relative simplicity of the main factors of commu-nity change and development that represent the characteris-tics of pest outbreaks in L.principis-rupprechtii plantations.The complexity and diversity of plant communities,particu-larly herbaceous plant guilds play a fundamental role in the regulation and development in forest ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32170236,31501333,and 32000405)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.C2020209064)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of North China University of Science and Technology(Grant No.X2019252)。
文摘Scientific knowledge about the ancestral genome of core eudicot plant kingdom can potentially have profound impacts on both basic and applied research,including evolution,genetics,genomics,ecology,agriculture,forestry,and global climate.To investigate which plant conserves best the core eudicots common ancestor genome,we compared Arcto-Tertiary relict Nyssaceae and 30 other eudicot plant families.The genomes of Davidia involucrata(a known living fossil),Camptotheca acuminata and Nyssa sinensis,one per existent genus of Nyssaceae,were performed comparative genomic analysis.We found that Nyssaceae originated from a single Nyssaceae common tetraploidization event(NCT)-autotetraploidization 28-31 Mya after the core eudicot common hexaploidization(ECH).We identified Nyssaceae orthologous and paralogous genes,determined its chromosomal evolutionary trajectory,and reconstructed the Nyssaceae most recent ancestor genome.D.involucrata genome contained the entire seven paleochromosomes and 17 ECH-generated eudicot common ancestor chromosomes and was the slowest in mutation among the analyzed 42 species of 31 plant families.Combing both its high retention of paleochromosomes and its low mutation rate,D.involucrata provides the best case in conservation of the core eudicot paleogenome.
基金supported by the Construction S&T Project of Department of Transportation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2023A02,No.2024A04,No.2020A01)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2022YFG0141)+3 种基金the Research Project of Sichuan Highway Planning,Survey,Design,and Research Institute Ltd.(Grant No.KYXM2021000049,No.KYXM2022000038,No.KYXM2023000056)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41630640)the National Science Foundation of Innovation Research Group(41521002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41790445).
文摘A wide range of terrain features and landforms,which are exemplified by intricate geological formations and diverse rock compositions,are found in the western mountainous regions of China.These areas frequently encounter geological disasters.As one of the natural disasters,landslides lead to considerable loss of human life and property.Considering mitigation of the losses caused by landslide disasters,a necessary measure for disaster prevention and mitigation involves conducting detailed investigations and monitoring of landslides,which is also the cornerstone of landslide warning.This study compares and analyzes the feasibility of the magnetotelluric detection method for landslides using the results of engineering geological surveys and landslide monitoring.The study aims to address the scientific problem of the validity of using magnetotelluric methods to detect landslide development processes.The Tangjiawan landslide signal on the left side of the K94+000~K94+145 section of the Wenma Expressway is analyzed by employing engineering geological survey,magnetotelluric detection,landslide monitoring,landslide analysis,and other methods.Analysis results provide the static electrical characteristics of lithology,structure,and groundwater,as well as the dynamic electrical characteristics of landslide development.This study focuses on analyzing the relationship between the methods of magnetotelluric detection and engineering geological surveys and the results of landslide monitoring.The workflow and methods for data collection,processing,inversion,interpretation,and analysis using the magnetotelluric method to detect the dynamic development process of landslides are presented in the conclusion.Preliminary conclusions indicate a strong correlation between the dynamic changes in magnetotelluric wave impedance with the surface displacement of landslides and the dynamic changes in groundwater.The use of the magnetotelluric method for landslide detection and monitoring is a feasible example.The research results can offer certain technical references for the detection and monitoring of landslides using magnetotelluric methods and also provide references and guidance for the selection of diversified landslide monitoring methods in the future.
文摘Loess soils are widely distributed worldwide and typical in northwest China,and excessive agricultural irrigation has caused landslides in the area,specifically in the Heifangtai loess region in Lanzhou,Gansu,China.Geophysical exploration is an essential method in landslide engineering geological surveys,and geological surveying,drilling,geophysical prospecting,monitoring,and other methods are used for performing engineering geological evaluation and obtaining comprehensive basic data for landslide protection design and construction.The theoretical feasibility of using geophysical methods in loess landslide detection is essential.On the basis of the shallow geological structure of the Heifangtai landslide region in Lanzhou,Gansu,China,a typical geoelectric model of the magnetotelluric method was established,and the loess landslide area was modeled through a two-dimensional finite element method,forward numerical simulation,and engineering geological analysis.The distribution characteristics of the magnetotelluric field were determined.This is a typical application of the geological process analysis method in geophysical exploration.This study provides the typical stratigraphic structure and electrical characteristics of different groundwater distributions in Heifangtai,Gansu,China,verifies the accuracy of forward modeling and calculation results,and provides a detailed theoretical basis for landslide detection through magnetotelluric methods.Through the numerical simulation of the forward modeling of the Heifangtai landslide region in Lanzhou,Gansu,China,this study can provide a detailed geophysical basis for landslide investigation,corroborate results of geological investigation and landslide design,and facilitate the sustainable development of agriculture in Heifangtai.
基金supported by the Projects for Innovative Research Groups of Chongqing Universities (Grant No.CXQT21028)Chongqing talent program for Zexiong Chen+2 种基金Scientific Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (Grant No.KJZD-K201901303)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31925034)National Key Research and Development Project (Grant No.2019YFD1001200)。
文摘As an important spice species in Rutaceae, the Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum) can provide pungent and numbing taste, as well as aroma in its mature fruit. Here we assembled a chromosome-level genome of green prickly ash which was widely cultivated in a major production area including Chongqing and Sichuan province, China. We generated 712 Gb (~112×) PacBio long reads and 511 Gb (~82×) Hi-C data, and yielded an assembly of 99 pseudochromosomes with total size of 5.32 Gb and contig N50 of 796 kb. The genomic analyses and cytogenetic experiments both indicated that the cultivarZhuye Huajiao’ was a triploid. We identified a Zanthoxylum-specific whole genome duplication event emerging about 24.8 million years ago (Mya). We also detected a transposition burst event (0.3-0.4 Mya) responsible for the large genome size of Z. armatum. Metabolomic analysis of the Zanthoxylum fruits during development stages revealed profiles of39 volatile aroma compounds and 528 secondary metabolites, from which six types of sanshools were identified. Based on metabolomic and transcriptomic network analysis, we screened candidate genes encoding long chain acyl-CoA synthetase, fatty acid desaturase,branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase involved in sanshool biosynthesis and three genes encoding terpene synthase during fruit development. The multi-omics data provide insights into the evolution of Zanthoxylum and molecular basis of numbing and aroma flavor of Sichuan pepper.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Innovation Project of China National Administration of Coal Geology(ZMKJ-2021-ZX02)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3012104)Key Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2024SF-YBXM-603).
文摘The Ordos Basin is a large cratonic basin with stable deposition in Northwest China.Given its mostly stable subsidence background and the urgent need for saline water disposal and carbon dioxide storage in the coal mining and coal chemical industries,the Ordos Basin has been chosen as a pilot demonstration site for carbon dioxide and saline water storage in China.However,few studies have been made to evaluate the sedimentary and sequence stratigraphy characteristics of this region,as well as their influence on carbon dioxide and saline water storage potential.To address this research gap,we conducted a sedimentary study of the Lower Triassic Liujiagou Formation in the northeastern Ordos Basin utilizing the stratigraphy theory,laboratory test analysis,and pilot project demonstration,to evaluate the area's viability for the deep geological storage of gas and liquid waste.We studied the tectonic setting,petrological features,and sedimentary characteristics of the favorable strata and predicted favorable areas based on sequence stratigraphy theory.The lithology predominantly consists of feldspathic graywacke,with a fine grain size and mostly fine-to-medium-grained sandstone.The distribution of thick-grained sandstone and fine-grained sediment was identified by dividing the sequence,and a favorable reservoir-cap assemblage configuration was formed.It's concluded that the Lower Triassic Liujiagou Formation exhibits suitable characteristics for the deep geological storage of carbon dioxide and saline water.This study demonstrates the importance of basic theory in guiding practical applications and provides a reference for the scientific selection of favorable areas for deep basin storage.
基金sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFB0311102)the Ningbo“Science and Technology Innovation 2025”Major Project,China(No.2019B10087)+1 种基金the Project of State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy at Central South UniversityYoung People Fund of Jiangxi Province,China(No.2018BAB216005)。
文摘采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对在变形温度500~650℃和应变速率0.001~1 s^(-1)条件下的60NiTi合金进行热压缩变形,分析其热变形行为和显微组织,建立变形本构模型,绘制热加工图。结果表明,当压缩温度升高或应变速率降低时,峰值应力减小。合金的热变形激活能为327.89 k J/mol,热加工工艺参数为变形温度600~650℃和应变速率0.005~0.05 s^(-1)。当变形温度升高时,合金的再结晶程度增大;当应变速率增大时,位错密度和孪晶数量增大,Ni3Ti相易于聚集;Ni3Ti析出相有利于诱发合金基体的动态再结晶。动态回复、动态再结晶和孪生是60NiTi合金热变形的主要机制。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51474137,and 51574154)Shandong Province Natural Science Fund(No.ZR201709180101)+1 种基金Tai’shan Scholar Engineering Construction Fund of Shandong Province of ChinaPostgraduate Technology Innovation Project of Shandong University of Science and Technology(No.SDKDYC 180103).
文摘This study mainly investigates the mechanical mechanism of overlying strata breaking and the development of fractured zones during close-distance coal seam group mining in the Gaojialiang coal mine.First,a mechanical model for the second"activation"of broken overlying strata is established,and the related mechanical"activation"conditions are obtained.A recursive formula for calculating the separation distance of overlying strata is deduced.Second,a height determining method for predicting the height of fractured zones during close-distance coal seam group mining is proposed based on two values,namely,the separation distance and ultimate subsidence value of overlying strata.This method is applied to calculate the fractured zone heights in nos.20107 and 20307 mining faces.The calculated results are almost equal to the field observation results.Third,a modified formula for calculating the height of a waterflowing fractured zone is proposed.A comparison of the calculated and observed results shows that the errors are small.The height determining method and modified formula not only build a theoretical foundation for water conservation mining at the Gaojialiang coal mine,but also provide a reference for estimating the height of water-flowing fractured zones in other coal mines with similar conditions.
