Improving the atom utilization of metals and clarifying the M–M’interaction is both greatly significant in assembling high-performance ultra-light electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials.Herein,a high-temperature e...Improving the atom utilization of metals and clarifying the M–M’interaction is both greatly significant in assembling high-performance ultra-light electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials.Herein,a high-temperature explosion strategy has been successfully applied to assemble the hierarchical porous carbon sponge with Co–Fe decoration via the pyrolysis of the energetic metal organic framework.The as-constructed hybrid displays a superior reflection loss(RL)value of-57.7 d B and a specific RL value of-192 d B mg-1 mm-1 at 12.08 GHz with a layer thickness of 2.0 mm(loading of 15 wt%).The off-axis electron hologram characterizes the highly distributed numerous polarized nanodomain variable capacitors,demonstrating the dipole and interfacial polarization along the edges of the nanopores.More importantly,the X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis verifies the mutual interaction between the metal cluster and carbon matrix and the electronic coupling responsible for the greatly improved electromagnetic wave absorption.展开更多
As an important evolutionary innovation and unique organ,the rumen has played a crucial role in ruminant adaptation to complex ecological environments.However,the cellular basis of its complex morphology and function ...As an important evolutionary innovation and unique organ,the rumen has played a crucial role in ruminant adaptation to complex ecological environments.However,the cellular basis of its complex morphology and function remains largely unknown.In this study,we identified eight major cell types from seven representative prenatal and postnatal rumen samples using~56600 single-cell transcriptomes.We captured the dynamic changes and high heterogeneity in cellular and molecular profiles before,during,and after the appearance of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with neatly arranged papillae and functional maturity.Basal cells,keratinocytes,differentiating keratinocytes,terminally differentiated keratinocytes,and special spinous cells provided the cellular basis for rumen epithelium formation.Notably,we obtained clear evidence of two keratinization processes involved in early papillogenesis and papillae keratinization and identified TBX3 as a potential marker gene.Importantly,enriched stratum spinosum cells played crucial roles in volatile fatty acid(VFA)metabolism and immune response.Our results provide a comprehensive transcriptional landscape of rumen development at single-cell resolution,as well as valuable insight into the interactions between dietary metabolism and the rumen.展开更多
Hydrostatic pressure is one of the main factors limiting the vertical range of marine organisms.However,little is known about the level of hydrostatic pressure that shallow-water fish can tolerate or how they respond ...Hydrostatic pressure is one of the main factors limiting the vertical range of marine organisms.However,little is known about the level of hydrostatic pressure that shallow-water fish can tolerate or how they respond to this potential stress.Here,we applied high-hydrostatic pressure treatment to wild-type AB line zebrafish(Danio rerio)and analyzed transcriptome data following treatment.展开更多
We took the iron-efficient and iron-inefficient soybean varieties with significant differences in iron efficiency as the test materials,in order to ascertain the relationship between the low iron stress and the iron e...We took the iron-efficient and iron-inefficient soybean varieties with significant differences in iron efficiency as the test materials,in order to ascertain the relationship between the low iron stress and the iron efficiency of soybean varieties.The results showed that through the principal component analysis,it was found that the contribution rate of the shoot light energy absorption factor and root morphological factor was the highest,reaching 41.0% and 67.2%,respectively.According to the eigenvector with high absolute value for the two factors,it was found that improving photosynthesis and root surface area could help to improve the ability of soybean to resist low iron.From the dynamic simulation results of Logistic equation,both V and Vmof the shoot and root of iron-efficient varieties were higher than those of iron-inefficient varieties;the low iron treatment postponed the time of the root of iron-inefficient varieties to reach Vm,while the iron-efficient varieties were resistant to the damage caused by the low iron to growth by improving root V.However,when the iron concentration was 0 mM,regardless of iron-efficient varieties or iron-inefficient varieties,the shoot V,Vmand △t were all low,indicating that the division of different iron efficiency varieties was relative,not absolute,and the ability of plant to resist stress was not only determined by its own characteristics,but also closely related to the degree of stress.展开更多
Objective and Impact Statement.We use deep learning models to classify cervix images—collected with a low-cost,portable Pocket colposcope—with biopsy-confirmed high-grade precancer and cancer.We boost classification...Objective and Impact Statement.We use deep learning models to classify cervix images—collected with a low-cost,portable Pocket colposcope—with biopsy-confirmed high-grade precancer and cancer.We boost classification performance on a screened-positive population by using a class-balanced loss and incorporating green-light colposcopy image pairs,which come at no additional cost to the provider.Introduction.Because the majority of the 300,000 annual deaths due to cervical cancer occur in countries with low-or middle-Human Development Indices,an automated classification algorithm could overcome limitations caused by the low prevalence of trained professionals and diagnostic variability in provider visual interpretations.Methods.Our dataset consists of cervical images(n=1,760)from 880 patient visits.After optimizing the network architecture and incorporating a weighted loss function,we explore two methods of incorporating green light image pairs into the network to boost the classification performance and sensitivity of our model on a test set.Results.We achieve an area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve,sensitivity,and specificity of 0.87,75%,and 88%,respectively.The addition of the class-balanced loss and green light cervical contrast to a Resnet-18 backbone results in a 2.5 times improvement in sensitivity.Conclusion.Our methodology,which has already been tested on a prescreened population,can boost classification performance and,in the future,be coupled with Pap smear or HPV triaging,thereby broadening access to early detection of precursor lesions before they advance to cancer.展开更多
Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of doxycycline and moxifloxacin in the treatment of tsutsugamushi disease.Methods:There was a total of 80 cases of tsutsugamushi disease that were treated in Jiangsu Sihong...Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of doxycycline and moxifloxacin in the treatment of tsutsugamushi disease.Methods:There was a total of 80 cases of tsutsugamushi disease that were treated in Jiangsu Sihong Fenjinting Hospital from January 2017 to August 2020.The patients were divided into group A and group B,with 40 cases in each group.The patients in group A were treated with moxifloxacin whereas those in group B were treated with doxycycline.The efficacy and safety of the clinical treatment between the two groups were compared.Results:The effective rate was 72.5% in group A and 95.0% in group B.Compared with group A,group B was better(p<0.05).The time taken for the resolution of clinical symptoms,the detection indexes of liver function,and the incidence of adverse reactions were also compared between the two groups,in which group B was significantly better than group A(p<0.05).Conclusion:In the clinical treatment of tsutsugamushi disease,doxycycline has better therapeutic effect and higher safety compared to moxifloxacin.It can significantly improve the patienfs liver function,reduce the probability of adverse reactions,and accelerate the patienfs physical recovery.展开更多
Jerboas is a lineage of small rodents displaying atypical mouse-like morphology with elongated strong hindlimbs and short forelimbs.They have evolved obligate bipedal saltation and acute senses,and been well-adapted t...Jerboas is a lineage of small rodents displaying atypical mouse-like morphology with elongated strong hindlimbs and short forelimbs.They have evolved obligate bipedal saltation and acute senses,and been well-adapted to vast desert-like habitats.Using a newly sequenced chromosome-scale genome of the Mongolian five-toed jerboa(Orientallactaga sibirica),our comparative genomic analyses and in vitro functional assays showed that the genetic innovations in both protein-coding and non-coding regions played an important role in jerboa morphological and physiological adaptation.Jerboa-specific amino acid substitutions,and segment insertions/deletions(indels)in conserved non-coding elements(CNEs)were found in components of proteoglycan biosynthesis pathway(XYLT1 and CHSY1),which plays an important role in limb development.Meanwhile,we found specific evolutionary changes functionally associated with energy or water metabolism(e.g.,specific amino acid substitutions in ND5 and indels in CNEs physically near ROR2)and senses(e.g.,expansion of vomeronasal receptors and the FAM136A gene family)in jerboas.Further dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that some of the CNEs with jerboa-specific segment indels exerted a significantly different influence on luciferase activity,suggesting changes in their regulatory function in jerboas.Our results revealed the potential molecular mechanisms underlying jerboa adaptation since the divergence from the Eocene-Oligocene transition,and provided more resources and new insights to enhance our understanding of the molecular basis underlying the phenotypic diversity and the environmental adaptation of mammals.展开更多
The South China Sea region is potentially threatened by tsunami hazards originated from multiple sources:the Manila subduction zone in the east,the Littoral Fault Zone(LFZ)in the north,numerous submarine landslides on...The South China Sea region is potentially threatened by tsunami hazards originated from multiple sources:the Manila subduction zone in the east,the Littoral Fault Zone(LFZ)in the north,numerous submarine landslides on the continental slopes and the volcanic islands in the Luzon Strait.Infrequent but potentially devastating tsunami hazard poses a great threat to the populous coastal region,fishery,oil and gas exploitation in the deep sea,etc.Here we review the recent progress in tsunami hazard assessment in the South China Sea region,focusing on two primary sources:submarine earthquakes and landslides.We sort and review the literature by the two commonly used approaches:deterministic and probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for both source types.By simulating tsunamis generated by typical earthquakes originated from the Manila Trench,the LFZ and landslides in the continental slopes,we investigate their tsunamigenic mechanism and key tsunami characteristics in the South China Sea region.We point out the research gaps and highlight the key issues to be addressed in the future.展开更多
The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants and hosts a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that facilitates efficient digestion of plant fibers.We analyzed 897 transcriptomes from three Cetartiodactyla lineages:rumi...The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants and hosts a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that facilitates efficient digestion of plant fibers.We analyzed 897 transcriptomes from three Cetartiodactyla lineages:ruminants,camels and cetaceans,as well as data from ruminant comparative genomics and functional assays to explore the genetic basis of rumen functional innovations.We identified genes with relatively high expression in the rumen,of which many appeared to be recruited from other tissues.These genes show functional enrichment in ketone body metabolism,regulation of microbial community,and epithelium absorption,which are the most prominent biological processes involved in rumen innovations.Several modes of genetic change underlying rumen functional innovations were uncovered,including coding mutations,genes newly evolved,and changes of regulatory elements.We validated that the key ketogenesis rate-limiting gene(HMGCS2)with five ruminant-specific mutations was under positive selection and exhibits higher synthesis activity than those of other mammals.Two newly evolved genes(LYZ1 and DEFB1)are resistant to Gram-positive bacteria and thereby may regulate microbial community equilibrium.Furthermore,we confirmed that the changes of regulatory elements accounted for the majority of rumen gene recruitment.These results greatly improve our understanding of rumen evolution and organ evo-devo in general.展开更多
Major historical events often trigger the rapid flourishing of a few lineages,which in turn shape established biodiversity patterns.How did this process occur and develop?This study provides a window into this issue.T...Major historical events often trigger the rapid flourishing of a few lineages,which in turn shape established biodiversity patterns.How did this process occur and develop?This study provides a window into this issue.The endemic East Asian carps(EEAC)dominated the ichthyofauna of East Asia and exhibited a high degree of adaptation to monsoonal river-lake ecosystems.A series of evidence,including ecogeography,phylogenetics,and macroevolution,suggests that the EEAC is a lineage that arose with the East Asian monsoon and thrived intimately with subsequent monsoon activities.We further deduce the evolution of the EEAC and find that a range of historical events in the monsoon setting(e.g.,marine transgression and regression and glacial-interglacial cycle)have further reshaped the distribution patterns of EEAC’s members.Comparative genomics analyses reveal that introgressions during the initial period of EEAC radiation and innovations in the regulation of the brain and nervous system may have aided their adaptation to river-lake ecosystems in a monsoon setting,which boosted radiation.Overall,this study strengthens knowledge of the evolutionary patterns of freshwater fishes in East Asia and provides a model case for understanding the impact of major historical events on the evolution of biota.展开更多
Although most fishes are ectothermic,some,including tuna and billfish,achieve endothermy through specialized heat producing tissues that are modified muscles.How these heat producing tissues evolved,and whether they s...Although most fishes are ectothermic,some,including tuna and billfish,achieve endothermy through specialized heat producing tissues that are modified muscles.How these heat producing tissues evolved,and whether they share convergent molecular mechanisms,remain unresolved.Here,we generated a high-quality genome from the mackerel tuna(Euthynnus affinis)and investigated the heat producing tissues of this fish by single-nucleus and bulk RNA sequencing.Compared with other teleosts,tuna-specific genetic variation is strongly associated with muscle differentiation.Single-nucleus RNA-seq revealed a high proportion of specific slow skeletal muscle cell subtypes in the heat producing tissues of tuna.Marker genes of this cell subtype are associated with the relative sliding of actin and myosin,suggesting that tuna endothermy is mainly based on shivering thermogenesis.In contrast,cross-species transcriptome analysis indicated that endothermy in billfish relies mainly on nonshivering thermogenesis.Nevertheless,the heat producing tissues of the different species do share some tissue-specific genes,including vascular-related and mitochondrial genes.Overall,although tunas and billfishes differ in their thermogenic strategies,they share similar expression patterns in some respects,highlighting the complexity of convergent evolution.展开更多
Ruminants comprise a highly successful group of mammals with striking morphological innovations,including the presence of a rumen.Many studies have shown that species-specific or lineage-specific genes(referred to as ...Ruminants comprise a highly successful group of mammals with striking morphological innovations,including the presence of a rumen.Many studies have shown that species-specific or lineage-specific genes(referred to as new genes)play important roles in phenotypic evolution.In this study,we identified 1064 ruminant-specific genes based on the newly assembled high-quality genomes of representative members of two ruminant families and other publically available high-quality genomes.Ruminantspecific genes shared similar evolutionary and expression patterns with new genes found in other mammals,such as primates and rodents.Most new genes were derived from gene duplication and tended to be expressed in the testes or immune-related tissues,but were depleted in the adult brain.We also found that most genes expressed in the rumen were genes predating sheep–sperm whale split(referred to as old genes),but some new genes were also involved in the evolution of the rumen,and contributed more during rumen development than in the adult rumen.Notably,expression levels of members of the ruminant-specific PRD-SPRRII gene family,which are subject to positive selection,varied throughout rumen development and may thus play important roles in the development of the keratin-rich surface of the rumen.Overall,this study generated two novel ruminant genomes and also provided novel insights into the evolution of new mammalian organs.展开更多
Purinostat Mesylate(PM)is a novel highly selective and active HDAC I/IIb inhibitor,and the injectable formulation of PM(PMF)based on the compound prescription containing cyclodextrin completely can overcome PM’s poor...Purinostat Mesylate(PM)is a novel highly selective and active HDAC I/IIb inhibitor,and the injectable formulation of PM(PMF)based on the compound prescription containing cyclodextrin completely can overcome PM’s poor solubility and improves its stability and pharmacokinetic properties.Here,we showed that PM effectively repressed the survival of Ph+leukemia cells and CD34+leukemia cells from CML patients in vitro.In vivo studies demonstrated that PMF significantly prevented BCR-ABL(T315I)induced CML progression by restraining leukemia stem cells(LSCs),which are insensitive to chemotherapy and responsible for CML relapse.Mechanism studies revealed that targeting HDAC I/IIb repressed several important factors for LSCs survival including c-Myc,β-Catenin,E2f,Ezh2,Alox5,and mTOR,as well as interrupted some critical biologic processes.Additionally,PMF increased glutamate metabolism in LSCs by increasing GLS1.The combination of PMF and glutaminase inhibitor BPTES synergistically eradicated LSCs by altering multiple key proteins and signaling pathways which are critical for LSC survival and self-renewal.Overall,our findings represent a new therapeutic strategy for eliminating LSCs by targeting HDAC I/IIb and glutaminolysis,which potentially provides a guidance for PMF clinical trials in the future for TKI resistance CML patients.展开更多
Pelagic cephalopods have evolved a series of fascinating traits,such as excellent visual acuity,high-speed agility,and photophores for adaptation to open pelagic oceans.However,the genetic mechanisms underpinning thes...Pelagic cephalopods have evolved a series of fascinating traits,such as excellent visual acuity,high-speed agility,and photophores for adaptation to open pelagic oceans.However,the genetic mechanisms underpinning these traits are not well understood.Thus,in this study,we obtained high-quality genomes of two purpleback flying squid species(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis and Sthenoteuthis sp.),with sizes of 5450 Mb and 5651 Mb,respectively.Comparative genomic analyses revealed that the S-crystallin subfamily SL20-1 associated with visual acuity in the purpleback flying squid lineage was significantly expanded,and the evolution of high-speed agility for the species was accompanied by significant positive selection pressure on genes related to energy metabolism.These molecular signals might have contributed to the evolution of their adaptative predatory and anti-predatory traits.In addition,the transcriptomic analysis provided clear indications of the evolution of the photophores of purpleback flying squids,especially the recruitment of new genes and energy metabolism-related genes which may have played key functional roles in the process.展开更多
We report herein that TSPAN32 is a key node factor for Philadelphia (Ph+) leukemia pathogenesis. We found that TSPAN32expression was repressed by BCR-ABL and ectopic TSPAN32 expression upon Imatinib treatment inhibite...We report herein that TSPAN32 is a key node factor for Philadelphia (Ph+) leukemia pathogenesis. We found that TSPAN32expression was repressed by BCR-ABL and ectopic TSPAN32 expression upon Imatinib treatment inhibited the proliferation of Ph+cell lines. Tspan32 overexpression significantly prevented BCR-ABL induced leukemia progression in a murine model and impairedleukemia stem cell (LSC) proliferation. LSCs represent an obstacle for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) elimination, which continuallyreplenish leukemia cells and are associated with disease relapse. Therefore, the identification of essential targets that contribute tothe survival and self-renewal of LSCs is important for novel curative CML. Mechanistically, TSPAN32 was shown to interact withPTEN, increased its protein level and caused a reduction in PI3K-AKT signaling activity. We also found that TSPAN32 was repressedby BCR-ABL via the suppression of an important transcription factor, TAL1. Ectopic expression of TAL1 significantly increasedTSPAN32 mRNA and protein level, which indicated that BCR-ABL repressed TSPAN32 transcription by decreasing TAL1 expression.Overall, we identified a new signaling axis composed of “BCR-ABL-TAL1-TSPAN32-PTEN-PI3K-AKT”. Our findings furthercomplement the known mechanisms underlying the transformation potential of BCR-ABL in CML pathogenesis. This new signalingaxis also provides a potential means to target PI3K-AKT for CML treatment.展开更多
Dear Editor,Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the most widely cultivated crops worldwide(Ranum et al.,2014),accounting for about 37.2%of the global cereal crop production.Maize production yield has increased over sevenfold ...Dear Editor,Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the most widely cultivated crops worldwide(Ranum et al.,2014),accounting for about 37.2%of the global cereal crop production.Maize production yield has increased over sevenfold since single-cross maize hybrids were deployed in the beginning of the last century(Andorf et al.,2019).展开更多
Dear Editor,Exaptation is defined as characters evolved for other usages(or for no function at all)and later“coopted”for their current role(Gould and Vrba,1982).Exaptation has occurred in many organisms,sometimes as...Dear Editor,Exaptation is defined as characters evolved for other usages(or for no function at all)and later“coopted”for their current role(Gould and Vrba,1982).Exaptation has occurred in many organisms,sometimes as an outcome of organ specialization for adaptation.This process is exemplified in the family Triglidae,commonly known as gurnards or sea robins.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22001156)the Youth Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(20210602)+1 种基金King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Improving the atom utilization of metals and clarifying the M–M’interaction is both greatly significant in assembling high-performance ultra-light electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials.Herein,a high-temperature explosion strategy has been successfully applied to assemble the hierarchical porous carbon sponge with Co–Fe decoration via the pyrolysis of the energetic metal organic framework.The as-constructed hybrid displays a superior reflection loss(RL)value of-57.7 d B and a specific RL value of-192 d B mg-1 mm-1 at 12.08 GHz with a layer thickness of 2.0 mm(loading of 15 wt%).The off-axis electron hologram characterizes the highly distributed numerous polarized nanodomain variable capacitors,demonstrating the dipole and interfacial polarization along the edges of the nanopores.More importantly,the X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis verifies the mutual interaction between the metal cluster and carbon matrix and the electronic coupling responsible for the greatly improved electromagnetic wave absorption.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26040301-02)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970392,32172752,32122083)+2 种基金Research Funds for Interdisciplinary Subject of NWPU(19SH030408)Funds Awarded by the 1000 Talent Project of Shaanxi Province,Project for Top Young Talents Program of College of Animal Science and Technology of Nanjing Agricultural University(DKQB201904)Talents Team Construction Fund of Jilin Agricultural University.
文摘As an important evolutionary innovation and unique organ,the rumen has played a crucial role in ruminant adaptation to complex ecological environments.However,the cellular basis of its complex morphology and function remains largely unknown.In this study,we identified eight major cell types from seven representative prenatal and postnatal rumen samples using~56600 single-cell transcriptomes.We captured the dynamic changes and high heterogeneity in cellular and molecular profiles before,during,and after the appearance of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with neatly arranged papillae and functional maturity.Basal cells,keratinocytes,differentiating keratinocytes,terminally differentiated keratinocytes,and special spinous cells provided the cellular basis for rumen epithelium formation.Notably,we obtained clear evidence of two keratinization processes involved in early papillogenesis and papillae keratinization and identified TBX3 as a potential marker gene.Importantly,enriched stratum spinosum cells played crucial roles in volatile fatty acid(VFA)metabolism and immune response.Our results provide a comprehensive transcriptional landscape of rumen development at single-cell resolution,as well as valuable insight into the interactions between dietary metabolism and the rumen.
基金supported by the 1000 Talent Project of Shaanxi Province(to K.W.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801089 to K.W.)+2 种基金Research Funds for Interdisciplinary Subject of Northwestern Polytechnical University(19SH030408 to K.W.)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693342 to C.G.F.)Hubei Postdoctoral Innovation Post Project(to C.G.F.)。
文摘Hydrostatic pressure is one of the main factors limiting the vertical range of marine organisms.However,little is known about the level of hydrostatic pressure that shallow-water fish can tolerate or how they respond to this potential stress.Here,we applied high-hydrostatic pressure treatment to wild-type AB line zebrafish(Danio rerio)and analyzed transcriptome data following treatment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(31271647,31601245)Jilin Natural Science Foundation(20150101100JC)+1 种基金Key Scientific Achievement Conversion Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20150307026NY)Key National Research and Development Program(2017YFD0201804-9)
文摘We took the iron-efficient and iron-inefficient soybean varieties with significant differences in iron efficiency as the test materials,in order to ascertain the relationship between the low iron stress and the iron efficiency of soybean varieties.The results showed that through the principal component analysis,it was found that the contribution rate of the shoot light energy absorption factor and root morphological factor was the highest,reaching 41.0% and 67.2%,respectively.According to the eigenvector with high absolute value for the two factors,it was found that improving photosynthesis and root surface area could help to improve the ability of soybean to resist low iron.From the dynamic simulation results of Logistic equation,both V and Vmof the shoot and root of iron-efficient varieties were higher than those of iron-inefficient varieties;the low iron treatment postponed the time of the root of iron-inefficient varieties to reach Vm,while the iron-efficient varieties were resistant to the damage caused by the low iron to growth by improving root V.However,when the iron concentration was 0 mM,regardless of iron-efficient varieties or iron-inefficient varieties,the shoot V,Vmand △t were all low,indicating that the division of different iron efficiency varieties was relative,not absolute,and the ability of plant to resist stress was not only determined by its own characteristics,but also closely related to the degree of stress.
文摘Objective and Impact Statement.We use deep learning models to classify cervix images—collected with a low-cost,portable Pocket colposcope—with biopsy-confirmed high-grade precancer and cancer.We boost classification performance on a screened-positive population by using a class-balanced loss and incorporating green-light colposcopy image pairs,which come at no additional cost to the provider.Introduction.Because the majority of the 300,000 annual deaths due to cervical cancer occur in countries with low-or middle-Human Development Indices,an automated classification algorithm could overcome limitations caused by the low prevalence of trained professionals and diagnostic variability in provider visual interpretations.Methods.Our dataset consists of cervical images(n=1,760)from 880 patient visits.After optimizing the network architecture and incorporating a weighted loss function,we explore two methods of incorporating green light image pairs into the network to boost the classification performance and sensitivity of our model on a test set.Results.We achieve an area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve,sensitivity,and specificity of 0.87,75%,and 88%,respectively.The addition of the class-balanced loss and green light cervical contrast to a Resnet-18 backbone results in a 2.5 times improvement in sensitivity.Conclusion.Our methodology,which has already been tested on a prescreened population,can boost classification performance and,in the future,be coupled with Pap smear or HPV triaging,thereby broadening access to early detection of precursor lesions before they advance to cancer.
文摘Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of doxycycline and moxifloxacin in the treatment of tsutsugamushi disease.Methods:There was a total of 80 cases of tsutsugamushi disease that were treated in Jiangsu Sihong Fenjinting Hospital from January 2017 to August 2020.The patients were divided into group A and group B,with 40 cases in each group.The patients in group A were treated with moxifloxacin whereas those in group B were treated with doxycycline.The efficacy and safety of the clinical treatment between the two groups were compared.Results:The effective rate was 72.5% in group A and 95.0% in group B.Compared with group A,group B was better(p<0.05).The time taken for the resolution of clinical symptoms,the detection indexes of liver function,and the incidence of adverse reactions were also compared between the two groups,in which group B was significantly better than group A(p<0.05).Conclusion:In the clinical treatment of tsutsugamushi disease,doxycycline has better therapeutic effect and higher safety compared to moxifloxacin.It can significantly improve the patienfs liver function,reduce the probability of adverse reactions,and accelerate the patienfs physical recovery.
基金supported by the Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200345)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710878)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270453,32270442,31772448)the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030011)the PI Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(GML2021GD0805)。
文摘Jerboas is a lineage of small rodents displaying atypical mouse-like morphology with elongated strong hindlimbs and short forelimbs.They have evolved obligate bipedal saltation and acute senses,and been well-adapted to vast desert-like habitats.Using a newly sequenced chromosome-scale genome of the Mongolian five-toed jerboa(Orientallactaga sibirica),our comparative genomic analyses and in vitro functional assays showed that the genetic innovations in both protein-coding and non-coding regions played an important role in jerboa morphological and physiological adaptation.Jerboa-specific amino acid substitutions,and segment insertions/deletions(indels)in conserved non-coding elements(CNEs)were found in components of proteoglycan biosynthesis pathway(XYLT1 and CHSY1),which plays an important role in limb development.Meanwhile,we found specific evolutionary changes functionally associated with energy or water metabolism(e.g.,specific amino acid substitutions in ND5 and indels in CNEs physically near ROR2)and senses(e.g.,expansion of vomeronasal receptors and the FAM136A gene family)in jerboas.Further dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that some of the CNEs with jerboa-specific segment indels exerted a significantly different influence on luciferase activity,suggesting changes in their regulatory function in jerboas.Our results revealed the potential molecular mechanisms underlying jerboa adaptation since the divergence from the Eocene-Oligocene transition,and provided more resources and new insights to enhance our understanding of the molecular basis underlying the phenotypic diversity and the environmental adaptation of mammals.
基金This work was supported by the Guangdong Province Introduced Innovative R&D Team of Geological Processes and Natural Disasters around the South China Sea(Grant No.2016ZT06N331)the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.311021002)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDYF2020209)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41976197,42076059,41774049,41772209)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(Grant No.2021qntd23).
文摘The South China Sea region is potentially threatened by tsunami hazards originated from multiple sources:the Manila subduction zone in the east,the Littoral Fault Zone(LFZ)in the north,numerous submarine landslides on the continental slopes and the volcanic islands in the Luzon Strait.Infrequent but potentially devastating tsunami hazard poses a great threat to the populous coastal region,fishery,oil and gas exploitation in the deep sea,etc.Here we review the recent progress in tsunami hazard assessment in the South China Sea region,focusing on two primary sources:submarine earthquakes and landslides.We sort and review the literature by the two commonly used approaches:deterministic and probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for both source types.By simulating tsunamis generated by typical earthquakes originated from the Manila Trench,the LFZ and landslides in the continental slopes,we investigate their tsunamigenic mechanism and key tsunami characteristics in the South China Sea region.We point out the research gaps and highlight the key issues to be addressed in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31822052,31572381)the National Thousand Youth Talents Plan to Y.J.+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660644)to S.H.National Natural Science Foundation of China(41422604)to S.L.The Villum Foundation(VKR 023447)the Independent Research Fund Denmark(8049-00098B)。
文摘The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants and hosts a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that facilitates efficient digestion of plant fibers.We analyzed 897 transcriptomes from three Cetartiodactyla lineages:ruminants,camels and cetaceans,as well as data from ruminant comparative genomics and functional assays to explore the genetic basis of rumen functional innovations.We identified genes with relatively high expression in the rumen,of which many appeared to be recruited from other tissues.These genes show functional enrichment in ketone body metabolism,regulation of microbial community,and epithelium absorption,which are the most prominent biological processes involved in rumen innovations.Several modes of genetic change underlying rumen functional innovations were uncovered,including coding mutations,genes newly evolved,and changes of regulatory elements.We validated that the key ketogenesis rate-limiting gene(HMGCS2)with five ruminant-specific mutations was under positive selection and exhibits higher synthesis activity than those of other mammals.Two newly evolved genes(LYZ1 and DEFB1)are resistant to Gram-positive bacteria and thereby may regulate microbial community equilibrium.Furthermore,we confirmed that the changes of regulatory elements accounted for the majority of rumen gene recruitment.These results greatly improve our understanding of rumen evolution and organ evo-devo in general.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100367,32122021,32170480,31972866)+5 种基金grants from the 1000 Talent Project of Shaanxi ProvinceChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693342)Hubei Postdoctoral Innovation Post ProjectChinese Academy of Sciences(Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(http://www.yicas.cn)the Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Provincethe Wuhan Branch,Supercomputing Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China。
文摘Major historical events often trigger the rapid flourishing of a few lineages,which in turn shape established biodiversity patterns.How did this process occur and develop?This study provides a window into this issue.The endemic East Asian carps(EEAC)dominated the ichthyofauna of East Asia and exhibited a high degree of adaptation to monsoonal river-lake ecosystems.A series of evidence,including ecogeography,phylogenetics,and macroevolution,suggests that the EEAC is a lineage that arose with the East Asian monsoon and thrived intimately with subsequent monsoon activities.We further deduce the evolution of the EEAC and find that a range of historical events in the monsoon setting(e.g.,marine transgression and regression and glacial-interglacial cycle)have further reshaped the distribution patterns of EEAC’s members.Comparative genomics analyses reveal that introgressions during the initial period of EEAC radiation and innovations in the regulation of the brain and nervous system may have aided their adaptation to river-lake ecosystems in a monsoon setting,which boosted radiation.Overall,this study strengthens knowledge of the evolutionary patterns of freshwater fishes in East Asia and provides a model case for understanding the impact of major historical events on the evolution of biota.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32122021)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3400300)+1 种基金the 1000 Talent Project of Shaanxi Province to Q.Q.and K.W.,the Fundamental Research Funds of Northwestern Polytechnic Universitythe Open Foundation from Marine Sciences in the First-Class Subjects of Zhejiang(OFMS011)。
文摘Although most fishes are ectothermic,some,including tuna and billfish,achieve endothermy through specialized heat producing tissues that are modified muscles.How these heat producing tissues evolved,and whether they share convergent molecular mechanisms,remain unresolved.Here,we generated a high-quality genome from the mackerel tuna(Euthynnus affinis)and investigated the heat producing tissues of this fish by single-nucleus and bulk RNA sequencing.Compared with other teleosts,tuna-specific genetic variation is strongly associated with muscle differentiation.Single-nucleus RNA-seq revealed a high proportion of specific slow skeletal muscle cell subtypes in the heat producing tissues of tuna.Marker genes of this cell subtype are associated with the relative sliding of actin and myosin,suggesting that tuna endothermy is mainly based on shivering thermogenesis.In contrast,cross-species transcriptome analysis indicated that endothermy in billfish relies mainly on nonshivering thermogenesis.Nevertheless,the heat producing tissues of the different species do share some tissue-specific genes,including vascular-related and mitochondrial genes.Overall,although tunas and billfishes differ in their thermogenic strategies,they share similar expression patterns in some respects,highlighting the complexity of convergent evolution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030016)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2020JQ-149)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Evolution(GREKF19-11)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University to Zeshan Linthe Shaanxi Program for Support of Topnotch Young Professionals to Lei Chen。
文摘Ruminants comprise a highly successful group of mammals with striking morphological innovations,including the presence of a rumen.Many studies have shown that species-specific or lineage-specific genes(referred to as new genes)play important roles in phenotypic evolution.In this study,we identified 1064 ruminant-specific genes based on the newly assembled high-quality genomes of representative members of two ruminant families and other publically available high-quality genomes.Ruminantspecific genes shared similar evolutionary and expression patterns with new genes found in other mammals,such as primates and rodents.Most new genes were derived from gene duplication and tended to be expressed in the testes or immune-related tissues,but were depleted in the adult brain.We also found that most genes expressed in the rumen were genes predating sheep–sperm whale split(referred to as old genes),but some new genes were also involved in the evolution of the rumen,and contributed more during rumen development than in the adult rumen.Notably,expression levels of members of the ruminant-specific PRD-SPRRII gene family,which are subject to positive selection,varied throughout rumen development and may thus play important roles in the development of the keratin-rich surface of the rumen.Overall,this study generated two novel ruminant genomes and also provided novel insights into the evolution of new mammalian organs.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021SCU12022 to L.Yang)the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence(to Z.Li and L.Chen)+1 种基金West China Hospital,Sichuan University,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104211 to L.Yang)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81541092 and 81770103 to Y.Hu).
文摘Purinostat Mesylate(PM)is a novel highly selective and active HDAC I/IIb inhibitor,and the injectable formulation of PM(PMF)based on the compound prescription containing cyclodextrin completely can overcome PM’s poor solubility and improves its stability and pharmacokinetic properties.Here,we showed that PM effectively repressed the survival of Ph+leukemia cells and CD34+leukemia cells from CML patients in vitro.In vivo studies demonstrated that PMF significantly prevented BCR-ABL(T315I)induced CML progression by restraining leukemia stem cells(LSCs),which are insensitive to chemotherapy and responsible for CML relapse.Mechanism studies revealed that targeting HDAC I/IIb repressed several important factors for LSCs survival including c-Myc,β-Catenin,E2f,Ezh2,Alox5,and mTOR,as well as interrupted some critical biologic processes.Additionally,PMF increased glutamate metabolism in LSCs by increasing GLS1.The combination of PMF and glutaminase inhibitor BPTES synergistically eradicated LSCs by altering multiple key proteins and signaling pathways which are critical for LSC survival and self-renewal.Overall,our findings represent a new therapeutic strategy for eliminating LSCs by targeting HDAC I/IIb and glutaminolysis,which potentially provides a guidance for PMF clinical trials in the future for TKI resistance CML patients.
基金supported by grants from the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research, China (Grant No. 2019B030302004)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1406502)+6 种基金the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou),China(Grant No. GML2019ZD0605)the Financial Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China (Grant No. NFZX2018)the Central Public-interest Scientific Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (Grant Nos. 2019HY-XKQ03, 2020TD05, and 2021SD18)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021M693342)the Hubei Postdoctoral Innovation Post Project, Chinathe 1000 Talent Project of Shaanxi Province, Chinathe Research Funds for Interdisciplinary subject of Northwestern Polytechnical University, China (Grant No. 19SH030408)
文摘Pelagic cephalopods have evolved a series of fascinating traits,such as excellent visual acuity,high-speed agility,and photophores for adaptation to open pelagic oceans.However,the genetic mechanisms underpinning these traits are not well understood.Thus,in this study,we obtained high-quality genomes of two purpleback flying squid species(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis and Sthenoteuthis sp.),with sizes of 5450 Mb and 5651 Mb,respectively.Comparative genomic analyses revealed that the S-crystallin subfamily SL20-1 associated with visual acuity in the purpleback flying squid lineage was significantly expanded,and the evolution of high-speed agility for the species was accompanied by significant positive selection pressure on genes related to energy metabolism.These molecular signals might have contributed to the evolution of their adaptative predatory and anti-predatory traits.In addition,the transcriptomic analysis provided clear indications of the evolution of the photophores of purpleback flying squids,especially the recruitment of new genes and energy metabolism-related genes which may have played key functional roles in the process.
基金the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy&Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy for supportthe staff of the core facility and the animal facility of the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and West China Hospital.This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82200152,81770103)+3 种基金National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(Z20201008)West China Hospital 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence(ZYJC18025)Guizhou Provincial Science&Technology Support Program(NO[2020]4Y061)The Guizhou Innovation and Entrepreneurship Foundation for High-level Overseas Talent(NO.[2019]03).
文摘We report herein that TSPAN32 is a key node factor for Philadelphia (Ph+) leukemia pathogenesis. We found that TSPAN32expression was repressed by BCR-ABL and ectopic TSPAN32 expression upon Imatinib treatment inhibited the proliferation of Ph+cell lines. Tspan32 overexpression significantly prevented BCR-ABL induced leukemia progression in a murine model and impairedleukemia stem cell (LSC) proliferation. LSCs represent an obstacle for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) elimination, which continuallyreplenish leukemia cells and are associated with disease relapse. Therefore, the identification of essential targets that contribute tothe survival and self-renewal of LSCs is important for novel curative CML. Mechanistically, TSPAN32 was shown to interact withPTEN, increased its protein level and caused a reduction in PI3K-AKT signaling activity. We also found that TSPAN32 was repressedby BCR-ABL via the suppression of an important transcription factor, TAL1. Ectopic expression of TAL1 significantly increasedTSPAN32 mRNA and protein level, which indicated that BCR-ABL repressed TSPAN32 transcription by decreasing TAL1 expression.Overall, we identified a new signaling axis composed of “BCR-ABL-TAL1-TSPAN32-PTEN-PI3K-AKT”. Our findings furthercomplement the known mechanisms underlying the transformation potential of BCR-ABL in CML pathogenesis. This new signalingaxis also provides a potential means to target PI3K-AKT for CML treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32361143514,32272190)Nanfan Special Project+2 种基金Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(YBXM2407)Alibaba FoundationInnovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-CSIAF202303)。
文摘Dear Editor,Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the most widely cultivated crops worldwide(Ranum et al.,2014),accounting for about 37.2%of the global cereal crop production.Maize production yield has increased over sevenfold since single-cross maize hybrids were deployed in the beginning of the last century(Andorf et al.,2019).
基金supported by the National Key Research and development Program of China(2022YFC3400300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32122021,32370452,32100367)+3 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20233518)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(G2022KY05107)NWPU Scientific Research Initiation Grant(23GH02027)the Financial Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China(125C0505)。
文摘Dear Editor,Exaptation is defined as characters evolved for other usages(or for no function at all)and later“coopted”for their current role(Gould and Vrba,1982).Exaptation has occurred in many organisms,sometimes as an outcome of organ specialization for adaptation.This process is exemplified in the family Triglidae,commonly known as gurnards or sea robins.
