Monolayer barriers called evapotranspiration (ET) covers were developed as alternative final cover systems in waste landfills but high-quality soil remains a limiting factor in these cover systems. Coal bottom ash was...Monolayer barriers called evapotranspiration (ET) covers were developed as alternative final cover systems in waste landfills but high-quality soil remains a limiting factor in these cover systems. Coal bottom ash was evaluated to be a very good alternative to soil in previous tests and a combination of soil (65% wt.wt-1) and coal bottom ash (35% wt.wt-1) was evaluated to be the most feasible materials for ET cover systems. In our pot test, selected manure compost as soil amendment for the composite ET cover system, which was made of soil and bottom ash at ca. 40 Mg.ha-1 application level was very effective to promote vegetation growth of three plants;namely, garden cosmos (Cosmosbipinnatus), Chinese bushclover (Lespedezacuneata), and leafy lespedeza (Lespedeza cyrtobotrya). To evaluate the effect of compost application on plant growth in an ET vegetative cover system, two couples of lysimeters, packed with soil and a mixture of soil and bottom ash, were installed in a pilot landfill cover system in 2007. Manure composts were applied at the rates of 0 and ?40 Mg.ha-11before sowing the five plant species, i.e.indigo-bush (Amorphafruticosa), Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps, Arundinella hirta, Lespedezacuneata, and Lespedezacyrtobotrya). Unseeded native plant (green foxtail,Setaria viridis) was dominant in all treatments in the 1st year after installation while the growth of the sown plants significantly improved over the years. Total biomass productivity significantly increased with manure compost application, and more significantly increased in the composite ET cover made of soil and bottom ash treatment compared to the single soil ET cover, mainly due to more improved soil nutrient levels promoting vegetation growth and maintaining the vegetation system. The use of bottom ash as a mixing material in ET cover systems has a strong potential as an alternative to fine-grained soils, and manure compost addition can effectively enhance vegetative propagation in ET cover systems.展开更多
Rice plant and soil are playing vital role for produce of methane (CH4) emission from flooded rice soil. Contribution of rice plants and cover crop biomass amended soil on methane emission has not been yet studied und...Rice plant and soil are playing vital role for produce of methane (CH4) emission from flooded rice soil. Contribution of rice plants and cover crop biomass amended soil on methane emission has not been yet studied under different cover crop biomass incorporated in paddy fields. Closed-chamber method was used to estimate CH4 emission rates during rice cultivation under soil plus rice plants and soil alone condition. Soil plus rice plants chambers 62 × 62 × 112 cm3 and soil alone chambers 20 × 20 cm2 were placed at the same time during rice cultivation (0 days after rice transplanting). Therefore, to evaluate the contribution of soil plus rice plants and soil alone on methane (CH4) emission under different rates of cover crop biomass incorporated soil during rice cultivation. Methane emission from soil plus rice plants increased up to 53 days after transplanting (DAT) and then it’s decreased and continued till harvesting. It was found that ca. 47% - 52% CH4 was mediated by rice plants and ca. 48% - 53% through rice soil alone under 12 Mg·ha-1 cover crop biomass incorporated treated plots. Whereas, only ca. 9% - 10% CH4 emission was mediated by rice plants and ca. 90% - 91% by rice soil alone when 0 and 3 Mg·ha-1 cover crop biomass was incorporated. Therefore, it could be concluded that rice soil alone was more influenced for CH4 emission than rice plants in paddy fields.展开更多
Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population,and the demand for rice is expected to increase by 28%by 2050(Jiang et al.,2017).However,rice production is one of the largest anthropogenic source...Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population,and the demand for rice is expected to increase by 28%by 2050(Jiang et al.,2017).However,rice production is one of the largest anthropogenic sources of the potent greenhouse gas methane(CH4),accounting for 22%of total agricultural CH4 emissions(Qian et al.,2023).Therefore,to achieve sustainable intensification of rice cultivation,it is necessary to increase yields while reducing CH4 emissions.Field management techniques to reduce CH4 emissions while maintaining high yields have been studied extensively over the past few decades,but crop breeding to reduce CH4 emissions without compromising yields has received less attention(Kwon et al.,2023).展开更多
文摘Monolayer barriers called evapotranspiration (ET) covers were developed as alternative final cover systems in waste landfills but high-quality soil remains a limiting factor in these cover systems. Coal bottom ash was evaluated to be a very good alternative to soil in previous tests and a combination of soil (65% wt.wt-1) and coal bottom ash (35% wt.wt-1) was evaluated to be the most feasible materials for ET cover systems. In our pot test, selected manure compost as soil amendment for the composite ET cover system, which was made of soil and bottom ash at ca. 40 Mg.ha-1 application level was very effective to promote vegetation growth of three plants;namely, garden cosmos (Cosmosbipinnatus), Chinese bushclover (Lespedezacuneata), and leafy lespedeza (Lespedeza cyrtobotrya). To evaluate the effect of compost application on plant growth in an ET vegetative cover system, two couples of lysimeters, packed with soil and a mixture of soil and bottom ash, were installed in a pilot landfill cover system in 2007. Manure composts were applied at the rates of 0 and ?40 Mg.ha-11before sowing the five plant species, i.e.indigo-bush (Amorphafruticosa), Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps, Arundinella hirta, Lespedezacuneata, and Lespedezacyrtobotrya). Unseeded native plant (green foxtail,Setaria viridis) was dominant in all treatments in the 1st year after installation while the growth of the sown plants significantly improved over the years. Total biomass productivity significantly increased with manure compost application, and more significantly increased in the composite ET cover made of soil and bottom ash treatment compared to the single soil ET cover, mainly due to more improved soil nutrient levels promoting vegetation growth and maintaining the vegetation system. The use of bottom ash as a mixing material in ET cover systems has a strong potential as an alternative to fine-grained soils, and manure compost addition can effectively enhance vegetative propagation in ET cover systems.
文摘Rice plant and soil are playing vital role for produce of methane (CH4) emission from flooded rice soil. Contribution of rice plants and cover crop biomass amended soil on methane emission has not been yet studied under different cover crop biomass incorporated in paddy fields. Closed-chamber method was used to estimate CH4 emission rates during rice cultivation under soil plus rice plants and soil alone condition. Soil plus rice plants chambers 62 × 62 × 112 cm3 and soil alone chambers 20 × 20 cm2 were placed at the same time during rice cultivation (0 days after rice transplanting). Therefore, to evaluate the contribution of soil plus rice plants and soil alone on methane (CH4) emission under different rates of cover crop biomass incorporated soil during rice cultivation. Methane emission from soil plus rice plants increased up to 53 days after transplanting (DAT) and then it’s decreased and continued till harvesting. It was found that ca. 47% - 52% CH4 was mediated by rice plants and ca. 48% - 53% through rice soil alone under 12 Mg·ha-1 cover crop biomass incorporated treated plots. Whereas, only ca. 9% - 10% CH4 emission was mediated by rice plants and ca. 90% - 91% by rice soil alone when 0 and 3 Mg·ha-1 cover crop biomass was incorporated. Therefore, it could be concluded that rice soil alone was more influenced for CH4 emission than rice plants in paddy fields.
基金support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (project no.PJ016990)of the Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.
文摘Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population,and the demand for rice is expected to increase by 28%by 2050(Jiang et al.,2017).However,rice production is one of the largest anthropogenic sources of the potent greenhouse gas methane(CH4),accounting for 22%of total agricultural CH4 emissions(Qian et al.,2023).Therefore,to achieve sustainable intensification of rice cultivation,it is necessary to increase yields while reducing CH4 emissions.Field management techniques to reduce CH4 emissions while maintaining high yields have been studied extensively over the past few decades,but crop breeding to reduce CH4 emissions without compromising yields has received less attention(Kwon et al.,2023).
