Hard carbon (HC) has been considered as promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).The optimization of hard carbon’s microstructure and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) property are demonstrated effect...Hard carbon (HC) has been considered as promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).The optimization of hard carbon’s microstructure and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) property are demonstrated effective in enhancing the Na+storage capability,however,a one-step regulation strategy to achieve simultaneous multi-scale structures optimization is highly desirable.Herein,we have systematically investigated the effects of boron doping on hard carbon’s microstructure and interface chemistry.A variety of structure characterizations show that appropriate amount of boron doping can increase the size of closed pores via rearrangement of carbon layers with improved graphitization degree,which provides more Na+storage sites.In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FTIR/EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrate the presence of more BC3and less B–C–O structures that result in enhanced ion diffusion kinetics and the formation of inorganic rich and robust SEI,which leads to facilitated charge transfer and excellent rate performance.As a result,the hard carbon anode with optimized boron doping content exhibits enhanced rate and cycling performance.In general,this work unravels the critical role of boron doping in optimizing the pore structure,interface chemistry and diffusion kinetics of hard carbon,which enables rational design of sodium-ion battery anode with enhanced Na+storage performance.展开更多
Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the bi-directional causal relation-ship between lipid profile and characteristics related to muscle atrophy by using a bi-directional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis...Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the bi-directional causal relation-ship between lipid profile and characteristics related to muscle atrophy by using a bi-directional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.Methods:The appendicular lean mass(ALM),whole body fat-free mass(WBFFM)and trunk fat-free mass(TFFM)were used as genome-wide association study(GWAS)data for evaluating muscle mass;the usual walking pace(UWP)and low grip strength(LGS)were used as GWAS data for evaluating muscle strength;and the triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL),low density lipo-protein cholesterol(LDL),apolipoprotein A-1(Apo A-1),and apolipoprotein B(Apo B)were used as GWAS data for evaluating lipid profile.For specific investigations,we mainly employed inverse variance weighting for causal estimation and MR-Egger for pleiotropy analysis.Results:MR results showed that the lipid profile predicted by genetic variants was negatively correlated with muscle mass,positively correlated with UWP,and was not causally correlated with LGS.On the other hand,the muscle mass predicted by genetic variants was negatively correlated with lipid profile,the UWP predicted by genetic variants was mainly positively correlated with lipid profile,while the LGS pre-dicted by genetic variants had no relevant causal relationship with lipid profile.Conclusions:Findings of this MR analysis suggest that hyperlipidemia may affect muscle mass and lead to muscle atrophy,but has no significant effect on muscle strength.On the other hand,increased muscle mass may reduce the incidence of dyslipidemia.展开更多
Manganese cobaltite(MnCo_(2)_(4))is a promising electrode material because of its attractive redox chemistry and excellent charge storage capability.Our previous work demonstrated that the octahedrally-coordinated Mn ...Manganese cobaltite(MnCo_(2)_(4))is a promising electrode material because of its attractive redox chemistry and excellent charge storage capability.Our previous work demonstrated that the octahedrally-coordinated Mn are prone to react with the hydroxyl ions in alkaline electrolyte upon electrochemical cycling and separates on the surface of spinel to reconstruct into d-MnO_(2) nanosheets irreversibly,thus results in a change of the reaction mechanism with Kþion intercalation.However,the low capacity has greatly limited its practical application.Herein,we found that the tetrahedrally-coordinated Co_(2) þions were leached when MnCo_(2)_(4) was equilibrated in 1 mol L^(-1) HCl solution,leading to the formation of layered CoOOH on MnCo_(2)_(4) surface which is originated from the covalency competition induced selective breakage of the CoT–O bond in CoT–O–CoO and subsequent rearrangement of free Co_(6) octahedra.The as-formed CoOOH is stable upon cycling in alkaline electrolyte,exhibits conversion reaction mechanism with facile proton diffusion and is free of massive structural evolution,thus enables utilization of the bulk electrode material and realizes enhanced specific capacity as well as facilitated charge transfer and ion diffusion.In general,our work not only offers a feasible approach to deliberate modification of MnCo_(2)_(4)'s surface structure,but also provides an in-depth understanding of its charge storage mechanism,which enables rational design of the spinel oxides with promising charge storage properties.展开更多
The Li metal battery with ultrahigh-nickel cathode(LiNi_(x)M_(1-x)O_(2),M=Mn,Co,and x≥0.9)under high-voltage is regarded as one of the most promising approaches to fulfill the ambitious target of 400 Wh/kg.However,th...The Li metal battery with ultrahigh-nickel cathode(LiNi_(x)M_(1-x)O_(2),M=Mn,Co,and x≥0.9)under high-voltage is regarded as one of the most promising approaches to fulfill the ambitious target of 400 Wh/kg.However,the practical application is impeded by the instability of electrode/electrolyte interface and Ni-rich cathode itself.Herein we proposed an electron-defect electrolyte additive trimethyl borate(TMB)which is paired with the commercial carbonate electrolyte to construct highly conductive fluorine-and boron-rich cathode electrolyte interface(CEI)on LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(NCM90)surface and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on lithium metal surface.The modified CEI effectively mitigates the structural transformation from layered to disordered rock-salt phase,and consequently alleviate the dissolution of transition metal ions(TMs)and its“cross-talk”effect,while the enhanced SEI enables stable lithium plating/striping and thus demonstrated good compatibility between electrolyte and lithium metal anode.As a result,the common electrolyte with 1 wt%TMB enables 4.7 V NCM90/Li cell cycle stably over 100 cycles with 70%capacity retention.This work highlights the significance of the electron-defect boron compounds for designing desirable interfacial chemistries to achieve high performance NCM90/Li battery under high voltage operation.展开更多
The mechanism involved in the phase transformation process of pyrolusite (MnO_(2)) during roasting in a reducing atmosphere was systematically elucidated in this study,with the aim of effectively using low-grade compl...The mechanism involved in the phase transformation process of pyrolusite (MnO_(2)) during roasting in a reducing atmosphere was systematically elucidated in this study,with the aim of effectively using low-grade complex manganese ore resources.According to single-factor experiment results,the roasted product with a divalent manganese (Mn^(2+)) distribution rate of 95.30% was obtained at a roasting time of 25 min,a roasting temperature of 700℃,a CO concentration of 20at%,and a total gas volume of 500 mL·min^(-1),in which the manganese was mainly in the form of manganosite (MnO).Scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory demonstrated the microstructural evolution of the roasted product and the gradual reduction in the pyrolusite ore from the surface to the core Thermodynamic calculations,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and X-ray diffractometry analyses determined that the phase transformation of pyrolusite followed the order of MnO_(2)→Mn_(2)O_(3)→Mn_(3)O_(4)→MnO phase by phase,and the reduction of manganese oxides in each valence state proceeded simultaneously.展开更多
水分解是一种利用可再生能源驱动的绿色制氢方法,零碳排放特性使其成为解决氢能源生产的重要途径.在电化学水分解中,制备高活性和稳定性的催化剂至关重要.高熵合金(HEAs)由于独特的结构和性能使其成为理想的催化剂材料,其多元成分和可...水分解是一种利用可再生能源驱动的绿色制氢方法,零碳排放特性使其成为解决氢能源生产的重要途径.在电化学水分解中,制备高活性和稳定性的催化剂至关重要.高熵合金(HEAs)由于独特的结构和性能使其成为理想的催化剂材料,其多元成分和可调组成提供了丰富的表面活性位点和灵活的催化特性,有望提高水分解的效率并降低成本.然而,简易高效地制备HEAs仍面临挑战,且目前对HEA催化剂的结构-活性关系的了解存在不足.因此,探索一种简便有效的方法用以制备高性能HEAs催化剂,并深入理解其在水分解反应中的作用机制和结构演变,能够为未来绿色制氢技术的发展提供重要的科学基础和技术支持.本文采用了电化学测量、CuK-边和PtL3-边的原位同步辐射X射线吸收光谱(XAS)测试以及密度泛函理论(DFT)计算相结合的方法,系统地研究了高熵合金电催化剂PtPdRhRuCu/C的析氢反应(HER)活性、反应机制以及结构演变规律.PtPdRhRuCu HEAs纳米颗粒由简便的一步溶剂热法制备,直径约为6.7±0.6 nm,其合金结构和元素分布通过多种表征手段(扫描透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射和能量色散X射线光谱等)得到确认.XAS对Cu K-边和PtL3-边的分析结果显示,HEAs纳米颗粒表面的少量铜氧化物在HER过程中被还原至金属态.扩展X射线吸收精细结构的拟合结果表明,HEAs在工况HER中保持了金属态和无序的原子排列,没有新的分离相形成.电化学测试结果表明,得益于多金属活性位点,PtPdRhRuCu/C催化剂在酸性和碱性条件下均表现出较好的HER活性和耐久性.在10 m Acm^(-2)的电流密度下,该催化剂在1molL^(-1)KOH中具有23.3 m V的极低过电位,优于商业Pt/C催化剂(50.3 m V),其质量活性是Pt/C的7.9倍,达到3.0 Amg^(-1)Pt.PtPdRhRuCu的高熵效应显著提升了催化剂在HER中的长期稳定性,在稳定性测试中,PtPdRhRuCu/C催化剂在10000次循环伏安测试后几乎无性能衰减,而Pt/C的过电位增加了约24 m V.在-55 m V过电位下的30 h的HER测试中,PtPdRhRuCu/C保持95.7%的初始电流密度,而Pt/C衰减了53.6%.在酸性条件下,PtPdRhRuCu/C的循环稳定性和耐久性也优于Pt/C.DFT计算结果表明,PtPdRhRuCu/C较好的HER性能和稳定性归因于高熵合金的协同效应,多金属成分提供了多样的活性位点,优化了HER反应路径,特别是在Volmer步骤中降低了水裂解的反应能垒.PtPdRhRuCu/C上的HER过程遵循Volmer-Tafel机理,水分子优先吸附在Ru位点,促进HO-H键的解离,解离出的质子迁移到Pt上,而OH通过Ru和Rh的桥接作用而稳定,最终在Cu上释放H2.综上,本文展示了高熵合金在HER中较好的性能,并通过详细的表征深入理解了其构-效关系.研究成果为高熵合金催化剂的合理设计和应用提供理论支持,为未来高效、耐久和低成本的绿色制氢技术提供重要的科学依据和技术支持.展开更多
Additive manufacturing technology is highly regarded due to its advantages,such as high precision and the ability to address complex geometric challenges.However,the development of additive manufacturing process is co...Additive manufacturing technology is highly regarded due to its advantages,such as high precision and the ability to address complex geometric challenges.However,the development of additive manufacturing process is constrained by issues like unclear fundamental principles,complex experimental cycles,and high costs.Machine learning,as a novel artificial intelligence technology,has the potential to deeply engage in the development of additive manufacturing process,assisting engineers in learning and developing new techniques.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research and applications of machine learning in the field of additive manufacturing,particularly in model design and process development.Firstly,it introduces the background and significance of machine learning-assisted design in additive manufacturing process.It then further delves into the application of machine learning in additive manufacturing,focusing on model design and process guidance.Finally,it concludes by summarizing and forecasting the development trends of machine learning technology in the field of additive manufacturing.展开更多
Grain size is a key factor influencing grain weight in rice.In this study,a chromosome segment substitution line(CSSL9-17)was identified,that exhibits a significant reduction in both grain size and weight compared to ...Grain size is a key factor influencing grain weight in rice.In this study,a chromosome segment substitution line(CSSL9-17)was identified,that exhibits a significant reduction in both grain size and weight compared to its donor parent 93-11.Further investigation identified two quantitative trait loci(QTL)on chromosome 11,designated qGW11a and qGW11b,which contribute to 1000-grain weight with an additive effect.LOC_Os11g05690,encoding the amino acid permease OsCAT8,is the target gene of qGW11a.Overexpression of OsCAT8 resulted in decreased grain weight,while OsCAT8 knockout mutants exhibited increased grain weight.The 287-bp located within the OsCAT8 promoter region of 93-11 negatively regulates its activity,which is subsequently correlated with an increase in grain size and weight.These results suggest that OsCAT8 functions as a negative regulator of grain size and grain weight in rice.展开更多
A dual-band and high-isolation shared-aperture antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)platforms has been proposed.This shared-aperture antenna consists of a rectangular monopole antenna and a 4-element multiple input...A dual-band and high-isolation shared-aperture antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)platforms has been proposed.This shared-aperture antenna consists of a rectangular monopole antenna and a 4-element multiple input multiple output(MIMO)antenna.In order to increase the isolation,several double split ring metamaterial(MTM)structures are introduced between antenna elements.The antenna radiator and the MTM structure are located on the front and back of the same dielectric substrate,respectively,and are perpendicular to a circular metal plate.The overall size of the antenna substrate is 124 mm×38 mm×1.016 mm.Moreover,the antenna prototype is constructed and measured,and the simulated and measured results are in good agreement.The measured results show that the-10 dB bandwidth of the monopole antenna is 1.92 GHz to 2.75 GHz,and the common-6.0 dB bandwidth of the MIMO antenna element is 4.75 GHz to 4.91 GHz,covering 2.2 GHz to 2.4 GHz in the S-band and 4.8 GHz to 4.9 GHz in the 5G band,respectively.In the 5G band,the isolation between any element of the MIMO antenna and the S-band monopole antenna is not less than 21 dB,and the isolation between the MIMO antenna elements is better than 23 dB,indicating t-hat the isolation between the antenna elements is high.The proposed antenna is suitable for the application on UAV airborne platforms.展开更多
Cancer is the most common cause of human mortality and has created an unbridgeable health gap due to its unrestrained aberrant proliferation,rapid growth,metastasis,and high heterogeneity.Conventional two-dimensional ...Cancer is the most common cause of human mortality and has created an unbridgeable health gap due to its unrestrained aberrant proliferation,rapid growth,metastasis,and high heterogeneity.Conventional two-dimensional cell culture and animal models for tumor diagnostic and therapeutic studies have extremely low clinical translation rates due to their intrinsic limitations.Appropriate tumor models are therefore required for cancer research.Engineered human three-dimensional(3D)cancer models stand out for their ability to better replicate the spatial organization,cellular resources,and microenvironmental features(e.g.,hypoxia,necrosis,and delayed proliferation)of actual human tumors.Further,the fabrication of these models can be achieved by an emerging technology known as 3D bioprinting,which allows for the fabrication of living structures by precisely regulating the spatial distribution of cells,biomolecules,and matrix components.The aim of this paper is to review the current technologies and bioinks associated with 3D bioprinted cancer models for glioma,breast,liver,intestinal,cervical,ovarian,and neuroblastoma,as well as,advances in the applications of 3D bioprinted-based tumor models in the fields of tumor microenvironment,tumor vascularization,tumor stem cells,tumor resistance and therapeutic drug screening,tumorimmunotherapy,and precision medicine.展开更多
Pyrolusite comprises the foremost manganese oxides and is a major source of manganese production.An innovative hydrogenbased mineral phase transformation technology to pyrolusite was proposed,where a 96.44%distributio...Pyrolusite comprises the foremost manganese oxides and is a major source of manganese production.An innovative hydrogenbased mineral phase transformation technology to pyrolusite was proposed,where a 96.44%distribution rate of divalent manganese(Mn^(2+))was observed at an optimal roasting temperature of 650℃,a roasting time of 25 min,and an H2 concentration of 20vol%;under these conditions.The manganese predominantly existed in the form of manganosite.This study investigated the generation mechanism of manganosite based on the reduction kinetics,phase transformation,and structural evolution of pyrolusite and revealed that high temperature improved the distribution rate,and the optimal kinetic model for the reaction was the random nucleation and growth model(reaction order,n=3/2)with an activation energy(E_(a))of 24.119 kJ·mol^(−1).Throughout the mineral phase transformation,manganese oxide from the outer layer of particles moves inward to the core.In addition,pyrolusite follows the reduction sequence of MnO_(2)→Mn_(2)O_(3)→Mn_(3)O_(4)→MnO,and the reduction of manganese oxides in each valence state simultaneously proceeds.These findings provide significant insight into the efficient and clean utilization of pyrolusite.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on Liu et al’s article published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Biochemically and pathologically,Liu et al proved that the urate-lowering activity of leech t...In this editorial,we comment on Liu et al’s article published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Biochemically and pathologically,Liu et al proved that the urate-lowering activity of leech total protein(LTP)was mainly attributed to the rectification of gut microbiota.Specifically,we noticed the change in Bacteroides and Akkermansia after LTP administration.Both bacteria have been reported to alleviate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and other chronic metabolic diseases.LTP was administrated through intragastric manners.Most possibly,LTP would be digested by the gut microbiota further.The anti-hyperuricemia effects should,to the most possible extent,be exerted by the peptides or their secondary metabolic products.Human gut microbiota communicates with other organs through metabolites generated by the microbes or co-metabolized with the host.Whether the anti-hyperuricemia effect could be partially ascribed to the microbiota metabolites also deserves to be discussed.Although metabolomics analysis was performed for serum samples,fecal meta-bolomics was highly advocated which could facilitate exact mechanism expla-nation.This study implied that gut microbiota contains many unexplored targets with different therapeutic potentials.It is foreseeable that utilizing these targets can avoid the impairment or side effects of directly using human targets to some extent.展开更多
1.Objective The Ordos Basin is a large sedimentary basin in central China.It is located in the western part of the North China Craton and contains rich hydrocarbon resources.The Weibei Uplift,a main secondary tectonic...1.Objective The Ordos Basin is a large sedimentary basin in central China.It is located in the western part of the North China Craton and contains rich hydrocarbon resources.The Weibei Uplift,a main secondary tectonic unit in the south of the Ordos Basin,is located in the transition zone between an active tectonic zone and a stable block.Its tectonic position is unique and important.Its evolution process is closely related to the tectonic evolution of the rigid block in the northern basin,the Weihe Graben in the south,and even the Qinling orogenic belt.展开更多
BACKGROUND A rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder,3M syndrome,is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation.Children with 3M syndrome typically exhibit short stature,facial deformities,...BACKGROUND A rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder,3M syndrome,is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation.Children with 3M syndrome typically exhibit short stature,facial deformities,long tubular bones,and high vertebral bodies but generally lack mental abnormalities or other organ damage.Pathogenic genes associated with 3M syndrome include CUL7,OBSL1 and CCDC8.The clinical and molecular characteristics of patient with 3M syn-drome are unique and serve as important diagnostic indicators.CASE SUMMARY In this case,the patient displayed square shoulders,scoliosis,long slender tubular bones,and normal neurological development.Notably,the patient did not exhibit the typical dysmorphic facial features,relative macrocephaly,or growth retardation commonly observed in individuals with 3M syndrome.Whole exon sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous c.56681+1G>C(Splice-3)variant and a previously reported nonsense heterozygous c.3341G>A(p.Trp1114Ter)variant of OBSL1.Therefore,it is important to note that the clinical features of 3M syndrome may not always be observable,and genetic confirmation is often required.Additionally,the identification of the c.5683+1G>C variant in OBSL1 is notewor-thy because it has not been previously reported in public databases.CONCLUSION Our study identified a new variant(c.5683+1G>C)of OBSL1 that contributes to expanding the molecular profile of 3M syndrome.展开更多
Vertebral lamina milling task is one of the high-risk operations in spinal surgeries. The operation is to remove part of vertebral lamina and release the pressure on the spinal nerve. Because many important vessels an...Vertebral lamina milling task is one of the high-risk operations in spinal surgeries. The operation is to remove part of vertebral lamina and release the pressure on the spinal nerve. Because many important vessels and nerves are under the vertebral lamina, any incorrect operation may cause irreparable damage to patients. To improve the safety of lamina milling task, a fuzzy force control strategy is proposed in this paper. Primary experiments have been conducted on bone samples from different animals. The results show that, with the fuzzy force control strategy, the bone milling system can recognize all surgery states and halt the tool at the proper location, achieving satisfactory surgery performance.展开更多
Drug-drug interaction(DDI)prediction is a crucial issue in molecular biology.Traditional methods of observing drug-drug interactions through medical experiments require significant resources and labour.The authors pre...Drug-drug interaction(DDI)prediction is a crucial issue in molecular biology.Traditional methods of observing drug-drug interactions through medical experiments require significant resources and labour.The authors present a Medical Knowledge Graph Question Answering(MedKGQA)model,dubbed MedKGQA,that predicts DDI by employing machine reading comprehension(MRC)from closed-domain literature and constructing a knowledge graph of“drug-protein”triplets from open-domain documents.The model vectorises the drug-protein target attributes in the graph using entity embeddings and establishes directed connections between drug and protein entities based on the metabolic interaction pathways of protein targets in the human body.This aligns multiple external knowledge and applies it to learn the graph neural network.Without bells and whistles,the proposed model achieved a 4.5%improvement in terms of DDI prediction accuracy compared to previous state-of-the-art models on the QAngaroo MedHop dataset.Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the model and verify the feasibility of integrating external knowledge in MRC tasks.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0206300)National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A2081,22075074, 22209047)+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515011620)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2024JJ5068)Foundation of Yuelushan Center for Industrial Innovation (2023YCII0119)Student Innovation Training Program (S202410532594,S202410532357)。
文摘Hard carbon (HC) has been considered as promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).The optimization of hard carbon’s microstructure and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) property are demonstrated effective in enhancing the Na+storage capability,however,a one-step regulation strategy to achieve simultaneous multi-scale structures optimization is highly desirable.Herein,we have systematically investigated the effects of boron doping on hard carbon’s microstructure and interface chemistry.A variety of structure characterizations show that appropriate amount of boron doping can increase the size of closed pores via rearrangement of carbon layers with improved graphitization degree,which provides more Na+storage sites.In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FTIR/EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrate the presence of more BC3and less B–C–O structures that result in enhanced ion diffusion kinetics and the formation of inorganic rich and robust SEI,which leads to facilitated charge transfer and excellent rate performance.As a result,the hard carbon anode with optimized boron doping content exhibits enhanced rate and cycling performance.In general,this work unravels the critical role of boron doping in optimizing the pore structure,interface chemistry and diffusion kinetics of hard carbon,which enables rational design of sodium-ion battery anode with enhanced Na+storage performance.
基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021A1515220030Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Guiding Project,Grant/Award Number:2020SK53307+2 种基金Hunan Provincial Health Commission,Grant/Award Number:20201902Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,Grant/Award Number:2020JJ8043Project of Hunan Provincial Health,Grant/Award Number:c2019133。
文摘Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the bi-directional causal relation-ship between lipid profile and characteristics related to muscle atrophy by using a bi-directional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.Methods:The appendicular lean mass(ALM),whole body fat-free mass(WBFFM)and trunk fat-free mass(TFFM)were used as genome-wide association study(GWAS)data for evaluating muscle mass;the usual walking pace(UWP)and low grip strength(LGS)were used as GWAS data for evaluating muscle strength;and the triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL),low density lipo-protein cholesterol(LDL),apolipoprotein A-1(Apo A-1),and apolipoprotein B(Apo B)were used as GWAS data for evaluating lipid profile.For specific investigations,we mainly employed inverse variance weighting for causal estimation and MR-Egger for pleiotropy analysis.Results:MR results showed that the lipid profile predicted by genetic variants was negatively correlated with muscle mass,positively correlated with UWP,and was not causally correlated with LGS.On the other hand,the muscle mass predicted by genetic variants was negatively correlated with lipid profile,the UWP predicted by genetic variants was mainly positively correlated with lipid profile,while the LGS pre-dicted by genetic variants had no relevant causal relationship with lipid profile.Conclusions:Findings of this MR analysis suggest that hyperlipidemia may affect muscle mass and lead to muscle atrophy,but has no significant effect on muscle strength.On the other hand,increased muscle mass may reduce the incidence of dyslipidemia.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0206300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209047,U21A2081,22075074)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2020JJ5035)Hunan Provincial Department of Education Outstanding Youth Project(23B0037)Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(Macao SAR,FDCT-0096/2020/A2).
文摘Manganese cobaltite(MnCo_(2)_(4))is a promising electrode material because of its attractive redox chemistry and excellent charge storage capability.Our previous work demonstrated that the octahedrally-coordinated Mn are prone to react with the hydroxyl ions in alkaline electrolyte upon electrochemical cycling and separates on the surface of spinel to reconstruct into d-MnO_(2) nanosheets irreversibly,thus results in a change of the reaction mechanism with Kþion intercalation.However,the low capacity has greatly limited its practical application.Herein,we found that the tetrahedrally-coordinated Co_(2) þions were leached when MnCo_(2)_(4) was equilibrated in 1 mol L^(-1) HCl solution,leading to the formation of layered CoOOH on MnCo_(2)_(4) surface which is originated from the covalency competition induced selective breakage of the CoT–O bond in CoT–O–CoO and subsequent rearrangement of free Co_(6) octahedra.The as-formed CoOOH is stable upon cycling in alkaline electrolyte,exhibits conversion reaction mechanism with facile proton diffusion and is free of massive structural evolution,thus enables utilization of the bulk electrode material and realizes enhanced specific capacity as well as facilitated charge transfer and ion diffusion.In general,our work not only offers a feasible approach to deliberate modification of MnCo_(2)_(4)'s surface structure,but also provides an in-depth understanding of its charge storage mechanism,which enables rational design of the spinel oxides with promising charge storage properties.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0206300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2081,22075074,22209047)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ40140)the Hunan Provincial Department of Education Outstanding Youth Project(22B0864,23B0037)。
文摘The Li metal battery with ultrahigh-nickel cathode(LiNi_(x)M_(1-x)O_(2),M=Mn,Co,and x≥0.9)under high-voltage is regarded as one of the most promising approaches to fulfill the ambitious target of 400 Wh/kg.However,the practical application is impeded by the instability of electrode/electrolyte interface and Ni-rich cathode itself.Herein we proposed an electron-defect electrolyte additive trimethyl borate(TMB)which is paired with the commercial carbonate electrolyte to construct highly conductive fluorine-and boron-rich cathode electrolyte interface(CEI)on LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(NCM90)surface and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on lithium metal surface.The modified CEI effectively mitigates the structural transformation from layered to disordered rock-salt phase,and consequently alleviate the dissolution of transition metal ions(TMs)and its“cross-talk”effect,while the enhanced SEI enables stable lithium plating/striping and thus demonstrated good compatibility between electrolyte and lithium metal anode.As a result,the common electrolyte with 1 wt%TMB enables 4.7 V NCM90/Li cell cycle stably over 100 cycles with 70%capacity retention.This work highlights the significance of the electron-defect boron compounds for designing desirable interfacial chemistries to achieve high performance NCM90/Li battery under high voltage operation.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2023YFC2909000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174240)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing (No.BGRIMM-KJSKL-2023-15)。
文摘The mechanism involved in the phase transformation process of pyrolusite (MnO_(2)) during roasting in a reducing atmosphere was systematically elucidated in this study,with the aim of effectively using low-grade complex manganese ore resources.According to single-factor experiment results,the roasted product with a divalent manganese (Mn^(2+)) distribution rate of 95.30% was obtained at a roasting time of 25 min,a roasting temperature of 700℃,a CO concentration of 20at%,and a total gas volume of 500 mL·min^(-1),in which the manganese was mainly in the form of manganosite (MnO).Scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory demonstrated the microstructural evolution of the roasted product and the gradual reduction in the pyrolusite ore from the surface to the core Thermodynamic calculations,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and X-ray diffractometry analyses determined that the phase transformation of pyrolusite followed the order of MnO_(2)→Mn_(2)O_(3)→Mn_(3)O_(4)→MnO phase by phase,and the reduction of manganese oxides in each valence state proceeded simultaneously.
文摘水分解是一种利用可再生能源驱动的绿色制氢方法,零碳排放特性使其成为解决氢能源生产的重要途径.在电化学水分解中,制备高活性和稳定性的催化剂至关重要.高熵合金(HEAs)由于独特的结构和性能使其成为理想的催化剂材料,其多元成分和可调组成提供了丰富的表面活性位点和灵活的催化特性,有望提高水分解的效率并降低成本.然而,简易高效地制备HEAs仍面临挑战,且目前对HEA催化剂的结构-活性关系的了解存在不足.因此,探索一种简便有效的方法用以制备高性能HEAs催化剂,并深入理解其在水分解反应中的作用机制和结构演变,能够为未来绿色制氢技术的发展提供重要的科学基础和技术支持.本文采用了电化学测量、CuK-边和PtL3-边的原位同步辐射X射线吸收光谱(XAS)测试以及密度泛函理论(DFT)计算相结合的方法,系统地研究了高熵合金电催化剂PtPdRhRuCu/C的析氢反应(HER)活性、反应机制以及结构演变规律.PtPdRhRuCu HEAs纳米颗粒由简便的一步溶剂热法制备,直径约为6.7±0.6 nm,其合金结构和元素分布通过多种表征手段(扫描透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射和能量色散X射线光谱等)得到确认.XAS对Cu K-边和PtL3-边的分析结果显示,HEAs纳米颗粒表面的少量铜氧化物在HER过程中被还原至金属态.扩展X射线吸收精细结构的拟合结果表明,HEAs在工况HER中保持了金属态和无序的原子排列,没有新的分离相形成.电化学测试结果表明,得益于多金属活性位点,PtPdRhRuCu/C催化剂在酸性和碱性条件下均表现出较好的HER活性和耐久性.在10 m Acm^(-2)的电流密度下,该催化剂在1molL^(-1)KOH中具有23.3 m V的极低过电位,优于商业Pt/C催化剂(50.3 m V),其质量活性是Pt/C的7.9倍,达到3.0 Amg^(-1)Pt.PtPdRhRuCu的高熵效应显著提升了催化剂在HER中的长期稳定性,在稳定性测试中,PtPdRhRuCu/C催化剂在10000次循环伏安测试后几乎无性能衰减,而Pt/C的过电位增加了约24 m V.在-55 m V过电位下的30 h的HER测试中,PtPdRhRuCu/C保持95.7%的初始电流密度,而Pt/C衰减了53.6%.在酸性条件下,PtPdRhRuCu/C的循环稳定性和耐久性也优于Pt/C.DFT计算结果表明,PtPdRhRuCu/C较好的HER性能和稳定性归因于高熵合金的协同效应,多金属成分提供了多样的活性位点,优化了HER反应路径,特别是在Volmer步骤中降低了水裂解的反应能垒.PtPdRhRuCu/C上的HER过程遵循Volmer-Tafel机理,水分子优先吸附在Ru位点,促进HO-H键的解离,解离出的质子迁移到Pt上,而OH通过Ru和Rh的桥接作用而稳定,最终在Cu上释放H2.综上,本文展示了高熵合金在HER中较好的性能,并通过详细的表征深入理解了其构-效关系.研究成果为高熵合金催化剂的合理设计和应用提供理论支持,为未来高效、耐久和低成本的绿色制氢技术提供重要的科学依据和技术支持.
基金financially supported by the Technology Development Fund of China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology(No.170221ZY01)。
文摘Additive manufacturing technology is highly regarded due to its advantages,such as high precision and the ability to address complex geometric challenges.However,the development of additive manufacturing process is constrained by issues like unclear fundamental principles,complex experimental cycles,and high costs.Machine learning,as a novel artificial intelligence technology,has the potential to deeply engage in the development of additive manufacturing process,assisting engineers in learning and developing new techniques.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research and applications of machine learning in the field of additive manufacturing,particularly in model design and process development.Firstly,it introduces the background and significance of machine learning-assisted design in additive manufacturing process.It then further delves into the application of machine learning in additive manufacturing,focusing on model design and process guidance.Finally,it concludes by summarizing and forecasting the development trends of machine learning technology in the field of additive manufacturing.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32325038)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20230499)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(24NSFSC4494)the Open Project Program(SKL-ZY202212)of State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China.We thank the High-Performance Computing Platform of Sichuan Agricultural University for its support for the analysis of substitution segments in CSSL9-17.
文摘Grain size is a key factor influencing grain weight in rice.In this study,a chromosome segment substitution line(CSSL9-17)was identified,that exhibits a significant reduction in both grain size and weight compared to its donor parent 93-11.Further investigation identified two quantitative trait loci(QTL)on chromosome 11,designated qGW11a and qGW11b,which contribute to 1000-grain weight with an additive effect.LOC_Os11g05690,encoding the amino acid permease OsCAT8,is the target gene of qGW11a.Overexpression of OsCAT8 resulted in decreased grain weight,while OsCAT8 knockout mutants exhibited increased grain weight.The 287-bp located within the OsCAT8 promoter region of 93-11 negatively regulates its activity,which is subsequently correlated with an increase in grain size and weight.These results suggest that OsCAT8 functions as a negative regulator of grain size and grain weight in rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.61801406 and No.U23A20651in part by the Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial under Grants No.2024NSFSC0478 and No.2022YFG0259+1 种基金in part by the Research Fund of Key R&D Projects in Sichuan Province under Grant No.2022-ZY00-00009-GXin part by the Mianyang Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project under Grants No.2023ZYDF002 and No.2023ZYDF092.
文摘A dual-band and high-isolation shared-aperture antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)platforms has been proposed.This shared-aperture antenna consists of a rectangular monopole antenna and a 4-element multiple input multiple output(MIMO)antenna.In order to increase the isolation,several double split ring metamaterial(MTM)structures are introduced between antenna elements.The antenna radiator and the MTM structure are located on the front and back of the same dielectric substrate,respectively,and are perpendicular to a circular metal plate.The overall size of the antenna substrate is 124 mm×38 mm×1.016 mm.Moreover,the antenna prototype is constructed and measured,and the simulated and measured results are in good agreement.The measured results show that the-10 dB bandwidth of the monopole antenna is 1.92 GHz to 2.75 GHz,and the common-6.0 dB bandwidth of the MIMO antenna element is 4.75 GHz to 4.91 GHz,covering 2.2 GHz to 2.4 GHz in the S-band and 4.8 GHz to 4.9 GHz in the 5G band,respectively.In the 5G band,the isolation between any element of the MIMO antenna and the S-band monopole antenna is not less than 21 dB,and the isolation between the MIMO antenna elements is better than 23 dB,indicating t-hat the isolation between the antenna elements is high.The proposed antenna is suitable for the application on UAV airborne platforms.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82473256)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.20242BAB25521)+7 种基金Ganpo Promising Talents Supporting Plan—Talent Development Project of Leading Academic and Technological Researchers in Key Disciplines(No.20243BCE51060)the Anhui Province Higher Education Scientific Research Project,China(No.2024AH050818)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2208085MH251)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Anhui Medical University,China(No.2021xkj131)the Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine,China(No.2023zhyx-C19)the Health Research Program of Anhui,China(No.AHWJ2023A30007)the Anhui Provincial Department of Education,Provincial Quality Engineering Project for Higher Education(Nos.2022jyxm761 and 2023jyxm1106)the Basic and Clinical Cooperative Research and Promotion Program of the Anhui Medical University,China(No.2022xkj T024)。
文摘Cancer is the most common cause of human mortality and has created an unbridgeable health gap due to its unrestrained aberrant proliferation,rapid growth,metastasis,and high heterogeneity.Conventional two-dimensional cell culture and animal models for tumor diagnostic and therapeutic studies have extremely low clinical translation rates due to their intrinsic limitations.Appropriate tumor models are therefore required for cancer research.Engineered human three-dimensional(3D)cancer models stand out for their ability to better replicate the spatial organization,cellular resources,and microenvironmental features(e.g.,hypoxia,necrosis,and delayed proliferation)of actual human tumors.Further,the fabrication of these models can be achieved by an emerging technology known as 3D bioprinting,which allows for the fabrication of living structures by precisely regulating the spatial distribution of cells,biomolecules,and matrix components.The aim of this paper is to review the current technologies and bioinks associated with 3D bioprinted cancer models for glioma,breast,liver,intestinal,cervical,ovarian,and neuroblastoma,as well as,advances in the applications of 3D bioprinted-based tumor models in the fields of tumor microenvironment,tumor vascularization,tumor stem cells,tumor resistance and therapeutic drug screening,tumorimmunotherapy,and precision medicine.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC 2909000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174240)+4 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2023A03003-2)the XingLiao Talent Program of Liaoning Province(No.XLYC2203167)the Excellent Youth Fund Project of Liaoning Natural Science Foundation(No.2023JH3/10200010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N23011026)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing(No.BGRIMM-KJSKL-2023-15).
文摘Pyrolusite comprises the foremost manganese oxides and is a major source of manganese production.An innovative hydrogenbased mineral phase transformation technology to pyrolusite was proposed,where a 96.44%distribution rate of divalent manganese(Mn^(2+))was observed at an optimal roasting temperature of 650℃,a roasting time of 25 min,and an H2 concentration of 20vol%;under these conditions.The manganese predominantly existed in the form of manganosite.This study investigated the generation mechanism of manganosite based on the reduction kinetics,phase transformation,and structural evolution of pyrolusite and revealed that high temperature improved the distribution rate,and the optimal kinetic model for the reaction was the random nucleation and growth model(reaction order,n=3/2)with an activation energy(E_(a))of 24.119 kJ·mol^(−1).Throughout the mineral phase transformation,manganese oxide from the outer layer of particles moves inward to the core.In addition,pyrolusite follows the reduction sequence of MnO_(2)→Mn_(2)O_(3)→Mn_(3)O_(4)→MnO,and the reduction of manganese oxides in each valence state simultaneously proceeds.These findings provide significant insight into the efficient and clean utilization of pyrolusite.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on Liu et al’s article published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Biochemically and pathologically,Liu et al proved that the urate-lowering activity of leech total protein(LTP)was mainly attributed to the rectification of gut microbiota.Specifically,we noticed the change in Bacteroides and Akkermansia after LTP administration.Both bacteria have been reported to alleviate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and other chronic metabolic diseases.LTP was administrated through intragastric manners.Most possibly,LTP would be digested by the gut microbiota further.The anti-hyperuricemia effects should,to the most possible extent,be exerted by the peptides or their secondary metabolic products.Human gut microbiota communicates with other organs through metabolites generated by the microbes or co-metabolized with the host.Whether the anti-hyperuricemia effect could be partially ascribed to the microbiota metabolites also deserves to be discussed.Although metabolomics analysis was performed for serum samples,fecal meta-bolomics was highly advocated which could facilitate exact mechanism expla-nation.This study implied that gut microbiota contains many unexplored targets with different therapeutic potentials.It is foreseeable that utilizing these targets can avoid the impairment or side effects of directly using human targets to some extent.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey (NO. 2023YC04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42074096)
文摘1.Objective The Ordos Basin is a large sedimentary basin in central China.It is located in the western part of the North China Craton and contains rich hydrocarbon resources.The Weibei Uplift,a main secondary tectonic unit in the south of the Ordos Basin,is located in the transition zone between an active tectonic zone and a stable block.Its tectonic position is unique and important.Its evolution process is closely related to the tectonic evolution of the rigid block in the northern basin,the Weihe Graben in the south,and even the Qinling orogenic belt.
文摘BACKGROUND A rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder,3M syndrome,is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation.Children with 3M syndrome typically exhibit short stature,facial deformities,long tubular bones,and high vertebral bodies but generally lack mental abnormalities or other organ damage.Pathogenic genes associated with 3M syndrome include CUL7,OBSL1 and CCDC8.The clinical and molecular characteristics of patient with 3M syn-drome are unique and serve as important diagnostic indicators.CASE SUMMARY In this case,the patient displayed square shoulders,scoliosis,long slender tubular bones,and normal neurological development.Notably,the patient did not exhibit the typical dysmorphic facial features,relative macrocephaly,or growth retardation commonly observed in individuals with 3M syndrome.Whole exon sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous c.56681+1G>C(Splice-3)variant and a previously reported nonsense heterozygous c.3341G>A(p.Trp1114Ter)variant of OBSL1.Therefore,it is important to note that the clinical features of 3M syndrome may not always be observable,and genetic confirmation is often required.Additionally,the identification of the c.5683+1G>C variant in OBSL1 is notewor-thy because it has not been previously reported in public databases.CONCLUSION Our study identified a new variant(c.5683+1G>C)of OBSL1 that contributes to expanding the molecular profile of 3M syndrome.
文摘Vertebral lamina milling task is one of the high-risk operations in spinal surgeries. The operation is to remove part of vertebral lamina and release the pressure on the spinal nerve. Because many important vessels and nerves are under the vertebral lamina, any incorrect operation may cause irreparable damage to patients. To improve the safety of lamina milling task, a fuzzy force control strategy is proposed in this paper. Primary experiments have been conducted on bone samples from different animals. The results show that, with the fuzzy force control strategy, the bone milling system can recognize all surgery states and halt the tool at the proper location, achieving satisfactory surgery performance.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant 2023M732022Qufu Normal University under Grant 167-602801.
文摘Drug-drug interaction(DDI)prediction is a crucial issue in molecular biology.Traditional methods of observing drug-drug interactions through medical experiments require significant resources and labour.The authors present a Medical Knowledge Graph Question Answering(MedKGQA)model,dubbed MedKGQA,that predicts DDI by employing machine reading comprehension(MRC)from closed-domain literature and constructing a knowledge graph of“drug-protein”triplets from open-domain documents.The model vectorises the drug-protein target attributes in the graph using entity embeddings and establishes directed connections between drug and protein entities based on the metabolic interaction pathways of protein targets in the human body.This aligns multiple external knowledge and applies it to learn the graph neural network.Without bells and whistles,the proposed model achieved a 4.5%improvement in terms of DDI prediction accuracy compared to previous state-of-the-art models on the QAngaroo MedHop dataset.Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the model and verify the feasibility of integrating external knowledge in MRC tasks.
