The origin of sandstone in the Rawalpindi group is disputed because of the lesser Himalayas complicated geological structure and ongoing tectonic activity. The goal of the study is to learn more about the petrographic...The origin of sandstone in the Rawalpindi group is disputed because of the lesser Himalayas complicated geological structure and ongoing tectonic activity. The goal of the study is to learn more about the petrographic and geological aspects of the Siwalik molasses deposits, which are formations that belong to the same age group. The Early Miocene Kamlial Formation, the Middle to Late Miocene Chinji Formation, and the Late Miocene Nagri Formation are the stratigraphic units revealed in the project area. The texture of the sandstone found in the Rawalpindi Group and Siwalik is fine to medium-grained. The hue ranges from grey to greenish grey. The sandstone displays thin to medium-bedded layers and exhibits thin lamination throughout. The sandstone of the Kamlial Formation contains load casts, potholes, worm burrows, hematite layers, and filled and unfilled mud cracks in basic structures. Model petrographic research reveals that the Murree Formation primarily consists of light minerals like feldspar, quartzite, and felice, whereas the Kamlial Formation is composed of heavy minerals like garnet and tourmaline. Sandstone from the Rawalpindi group undergoes analysis to ascertain its provenance using the quartz feldspar lithic fragments ternary diagram technique. Each plot in the QFL diagram’s recycled orogeny provenance field is plotted.展开更多
Glioblastoma （GBM） is a type of tumor that is highly lethal despite maximal therapy. Standard therapeutic approaches provide modest improvement in progression-free and overall survival, necessitating the investigati...Glioblastoma （GBM） is a type of tumor that is highly lethal despite maximal therapy. Standard therapeutic approaches provide modest improvement in progression-free and overall survival, necessitating the investigation of novel therapies. Oncologic therapy has recently experienced a rapid evolution toward ＂targeted therapy＂, with drugs directed against specific targets which play essential roles in the proliferation, survival, and invasiveness of GBM cells, including numerous molecules involved in signal transduction pathways. Inhihitors of these molecules have already entered or are undergoing clinical trials. However, significant challenges in their development remain because several preclinical and clinical studies present conflicting results. In this article, we will provide an up-to-date review of the current targeted therapies in GBM.展开更多
Drought stress is an important factor affecting plant growth and development.It will provide a theoretical basis for cultivating new stress-resistant varieties and improving water utilization rate of plants by studyin...Drought stress is an important factor affecting plant growth and development.It will provide a theoretical basis for cultivating new stress-resistant varieties and improving water utilization rate of plants by studying the regulation mechanism of osmotic adjustment and water transportation under drought stress,and understanding the physiological and biochemical characteristics and stress resistance mechanism.展开更多
Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is becoming a growing public health concern due to increasing disease and economic burdens.Epidemiological information about SLE,especially its incidence rate,is limited in developing ...Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is becoming a growing public health concern due to increasing disease and economic burdens.Epidemiological information about SLE,especially its incidence rate,is limited in developing countries.In the current study,we sought to investigate the incidence,prevalence,and economic burdens of SLE in urban China.We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using databases from Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2017,covering approximately 300 million residents in 23 provincial regions in China.Incidence rate and prevalence were standardized by age and gender to China's 2010 national census data.Additionally,we calculated the average annual costs and hospital visit rates.A total of132,258 SLE patients were identified during the study period,with a mean age of 43.03 years(standard deviation:15.29 years).Of these patients,81.33%were women.In 2017,the standardized incidence rate of SLE in China was 14.09(95%confidence interval(CI),11.95–16.41)per 100,000 person-years,with a higher incidence in women than in men(26.41 vs.5.92 per 100,000 person-years).Standardized prevalence in 2017 was 47.61(41.77–53.83),94.16(80.67–108.69),and 17.86(13.84–22.38)per 100,000 people in the overall,female,and male populations,respectively.The average annual rates of increase in prevalence were 21.50%,19.72%,and 25.67%from 2013 to 2017 in the overall,female,and male populations,respectively.The age-specific incidence rates peaked at 30–49 years old in women and 40–59 years old in men.SLE incident and prevalent cases were most common in North-West China and less common in southern and eastern China.Distinct variations in incidence rates across different regions are also consistent with the varying levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure in China.Additionally,the average estimated annual per-capita cost was 1599.34 US dollars in SLE patients,with the highest costs observed in adolescent and young adult patients among different age groups.The SLE population in China is rapidly expanding,and younger at onset,especially in women,which has placed significant burdens on China's healthcare system.展开更多
Inconel 600 alloy is widely utilized for high temperature environment application due to the corresponding good oxidation and corrosion resistance properties.In order to estimate the high temperature oxidation resista...Inconel 600 alloy is widely utilized for high temperature environment application due to the corresponding good oxidation and corrosion resistance properties.In order to estimate the high temperature oxidation resistance of Inconel 600 alloy at various temperatures,the oxidation weight gain of all specimens was measured and fitted for the curve at the temperatures of 700,800 and 900 ℃ for exposure time of 100 h.The surface morphology and the component of the oxide film were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results indicate that the high temperature oxidation resistance of Inconel 600 alloy is excellent blew 800℃ due to the oxidation kinetic curves at different temperatures corresponding to the parabola dynamic rules.This means that the oxidation film protects the substrate well.The dense oxide layer formation containing Cr_(2)O_(3) and NiCr_(2)O_(4) at 700 and 800 ℃ and MnCr_(2)O_(4) at 900 ℃,respectively,is the main reason for the good oxidation resistance.In contrast,the oxide layer peels off easily under applied force as the temperature increases beyond 800℃, on account of the complicated compositions of the oxide film and the binding force between the oxide layer and the substrate weakening.Corresponding oxidation mechanism is expected to be understood and the oxidation resistance of Inconel 600 alloy is improved through binding force enhancement.展开更多
Background and objective Moyamoya disease(MMD)is an increasingly recognised cause of stroke,mainly described in East Asia.China is the largest nation in Asia,but few studies reported the epidemiology of MMD,especially...Background and objective Moyamoya disease(MMD)is an increasingly recognised cause of stroke,mainly described in East Asia.China is the largest nation in Asia,but few studies reported the epidemiology of MMD,especially at a national level.We aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of MMD in China.Methods We performed a population-based study using data from the national databases of Urban Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2016,covering approximately 0.50 billion individuals.MMD cases were identified by diagnostic code(International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision I67.5)or related diagnostic text.Results A total of 1987 MMD patients(mean age 44.45±14.30 years,female-to male ratio 1.12)were identified,representing a national crude incidence of 0.59(95%CI:0.49 to 0.68)and a prevalence of 1.01(95%CI:0.81 to 1.21)per 100000 person-years in 2016.Rates were higher in females than in males for the incidence(0.66 vs 0.52)and prevalence(1.05 vs 0.90).And the age-specific rates showed a bimodal distribution,with the highest peak in middle-aged group and the second peak in child group.Conclusions Our results confirm that MMD is relatively common in East Asians,but the rates in China were lower than those in other East Asian countries such as Japan and Korea.The unique epidemiological features,including a relatively weak female predominance and a shift in the highest peak of incidence from children to adults,revealed new sight into MMD.Further research is expected to explore the potential pathogenesis of MMD.展开更多
This study evaluated the effects of commercial starter cultures on the microbial counts,protein degradation,biogenic amines and volatile compounds in fermented fish-chili paste.Four inoculated groups with different st...This study evaluated the effects of commercial starter cultures on the microbial counts,protein degradation,biogenic amines and volatile compounds in fermented fish-chili paste.Four inoculated groups with different starter cultures and one group without inoculation were investigated.The results revealed that the application of mixed starter cultures promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria and yeast,while effectively inhibited the Enterbacteriaceae counts compared with the spontaneously fermented group.The inoculation with mixed starter cultures resulted in higher levels of umami-tasting free amino acids(FAAs)in all inoculated groups.Highest content of sweet-tasting FAAs was found in group HS(Pichia anomala+Staphylococcus xylosus+Staphylococcus carnosus+Pediococcus pentosaceus+Pediococcus acidilactici),and much lower bitter-tasting components were presented in group HW(Pichia anomala+Staphylococcus xylosus+Staphylococcus carnosus),HS and HV(Pichia anomala+Lactobacillus plantarum).In addition,total levels of biogenic amines detected in all inoculated samples were significantly lower compared with control,especially the content of tyramine(P<0.05).For the volatile compounds,more esters as well as less undesirable odor substances such as aldehydes,were exhibited in four inoculated groups.展开更多
The hot deformation behavior of 316H stainless steel used in the 4th-generation nuclear systems was investigated by thermal compression tests at 1000–1150 C and 0.01–10 s^(-1).It was found that true stress firstly i...The hot deformation behavior of 316H stainless steel used in the 4th-generation nuclear systems was investigated by thermal compression tests at 1000–1150 C and 0.01–10 s^(-1).It was found that true stress firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing strain rate with a threshold of 1 s^(-1).Electron backscatter diffraction was used to analyze the microstructure evolution.Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX)was the dominant dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanism,while continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)was the supplementary one.DDRX happened before CDRX and provided additional nucleation sites for the latter.Twin grain boundaries(R3)appeared in DRX grains due to growth accidents.As the length fraction of R3 increased,the coincidence site lattice(CSL)boundary transition began to occur,forming R9 and R27.After the occurrence of full DRX,the growth and annexation of DRX grains were easy to be promoted,in which progress both equiaxed grains and CSL boundaries disappeared.The ideal deformation microstructure with fine and uniform DRX grains,which was accompanied by a high length fraction of CSL boundaries,appeared at 1000℃–0.01 s^(-1),1050℃–0.01–0.1 s^(-1),1100℃–0.1–1 s^(-1) and 1150℃–1–10 s^(-1).That is,the deformation conditions mentioned above were the preferable thermal forming parameters for 316H stainless steel in actual productions.展开更多
This study was carried out to reveal the browning path of ready-to-eat(RTE)crayfish tails during thermal treatment and storage using path analysis.Maillard reactions,lipid oxidation,and phenol oxidation were evaluated...This study was carried out to reveal the browning path of ready-to-eat(RTE)crayfish tails during thermal treatment and storage using path analysis.Maillard reactions,lipid oxidation,and phenol oxidation were evaluated in combination with free radical content and FTIR analysis,and direct path coefficients as well as determination coefficients were obtained based on these parameters,such as the absorbance at 294 nm(A294),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF),thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS),and total phenols(TP).The result showed that the browning of seasoned RTE crayfish tails was ascribe to the synergistic effect of Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation by the order of determination coefficient.After the crayfish hepatopancreas were removed,the content of A294,5-HMF,TBARS,and TP declined more than 30%,specifically affecting the direct pathway from lipid oxidation to Maillard reaction and alleviating the browning.However,no significant change of color was observed in the group without thirteen-spices,while TBARS and free radical content increased by at least 16.7%.The removal of hepatopancreas and the control of Maillard reaction were deemed to be a good measure for inhibiting the non-enzymatic browning of RTE crayfish tails.展开更多
Risk prediction tools are crucial for population-based management of cardiovascular disease(CVD).However,most prediction models are currently used to assess long-term risk instead of the risk of short-term CVD onset.W...Risk prediction tools are crucial for population-based management of cardiovascular disease(CVD).However,most prediction models are currently used to assess long-term risk instead of the risk of short-term CVD onset.We developed a Dynamic Risk-based Early wAming Monitoring(DREAM)system using large-scale,real-time electronic health record data from 2010 to 2020 from the CHinese Electronic health Records Research in Yinzhou study.The dynamic risk scores were derived from a 1:5 matched nested case-control set comprising 70,470 individuals(11,745 CVD events)and then validated in a cohort of 81,205 individuals(5950 CVD events).The individuals were Chinese adults aged 40-79 years without a history of CVD at baseline.Eleven predictors related to vital signs,laboratory tests,and health service utilization were selected to establish the dynamic scores.The proposed scores were significantly associated with the subsequent CVD onset(adjusted odds ratio,1.21;95%confidence interval,1.20-1.23).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves(AUCs)was 0.6010(0.5929-0.6092)and 0.6021(0.5937-0.6105)for the long-term 10-year CVD risk<10%and≥10%groups in the derivation set,respectively.In the long-term 10-year CVD risk>10%group in the validation set,the change in AUC in addition to the long-term risk was 0.0235(0.0155-0.0315).By increasing the risk threshold from 7 to 16 points,the proportion of true subsequent CVD cases among those given alerts increased from 40.61%to 85.31%.In terms of management efficiency,the number needed to manage per CVD case ranged from 2.46 to 1.17 using the risk scores.With the increasing popularity and integration of EHR systems with wearable technology,the DREAM scores can be incorporated into an early-warning system and applied in dynamic,real-time,EHR-based,automated management to support healthcare decision making for individuals,general practitioners,and policymakers.展开更多
Fermentation has been found as an effective method to decrease the hypersensitive reactions of consumers by freshwater fish,but the reason is not clear.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ...Fermentation has been found as an effective method to decrease the hypersensitive reactions of consumers by freshwater fish,but the reason is not clear.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of pH and acid-activated proteases on the decrease of immunological properties of parvalbumin from freshwater fish,by the indicators of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,western blotting,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,surface hydrophobicity and circular dichroism.The results showed that black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus)had the highest level of immunological properties reflected by quantitation,the content of linear epitopes and conformational epitopes of parvalbumin,and IgE-binding rate.Afterwards,purified parvalbumin from black carp was obtained with purity higher than 95%.Then,for acidification and enzyme models,it indicated that acid-activated proteases were the reason for the decrease of immunological properties.Ulteriorly,the mechanism on the level of protein structure was provided,which showed the decrease ofα-helix and the increase ofβ-turn and random coil,as well as the decrease of surface hydrophobicity had joint contribution for the breaking of conformational epitopes.This study could provide a novel guidance for the decrease of immunological properties of fish and promote fish processing industry further.展开更多
The study aimed to evaluate the co-inoculation of non-fish sauce strains for a fish sauce production made from Ietalurus punetaus fish bone hydrolysate (FBH) without salt addition. Individual inoculation (Lactiplantib...The study aimed to evaluate the co-inoculation of non-fish sauce strains for a fish sauce production made from Ietalurus punetaus fish bone hydrolysate (FBH) without salt addition. Individual inoculation (Lactiplantibacillus pentosus 1, LP and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31, SC), and co-inoculation of both strains (FS) were employed, including an uninoculated control. Both strains exhibited good growth in FBH without salt addition. Compared with individual inoculation and uninoculated control, co-inoculation (FS) produced acid and amino nitrogen more quickly, as well as displaying higher sugar consumption. No significant difference was observed in trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble peptides among all groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, significantly lower levels of six bitter amino acids were observed after co-fermentation (P < 0.05). In addition, more alcohols, esters and acids with pleasant notes and fewer unsaturated aldehydes with fishy note were generated after co-inoculation, in the absence of traditional fish sauce off-odor notes. The study demonstrated that the co-inoculation of non-fish sauce strains were appropriate for producing a salt-free fish sauce with better flavor.展开更多
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global public health problem. Approximately 887,000 people die of HBV infection-related diseases annually, with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being t...Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global public health problem. Approximately 887,000 people die of HBV infection-related diseases annually, with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the principal causes of mortality.[1] Timely antiviral therapy greatly reduces the risks of cirrhosis and HCC. However, unfortunately, of those patients who are eligible for antiviral treatment, only 25% of patients in clinic settings and 12% of those in community settings obtain timely antiviral therapy.[2] Therefore, reliable means of identifying patients with chronic HBV infection that require antiviral therapy are necessary, particularly for use in the community.展开更多
文摘The origin of sandstone in the Rawalpindi group is disputed because of the lesser Himalayas complicated geological structure and ongoing tectonic activity. The goal of the study is to learn more about the petrographic and geological aspects of the Siwalik molasses deposits, which are formations that belong to the same age group. The Early Miocene Kamlial Formation, the Middle to Late Miocene Chinji Formation, and the Late Miocene Nagri Formation are the stratigraphic units revealed in the project area. The texture of the sandstone found in the Rawalpindi Group and Siwalik is fine to medium-grained. The hue ranges from grey to greenish grey. The sandstone displays thin to medium-bedded layers and exhibits thin lamination throughout. The sandstone of the Kamlial Formation contains load casts, potholes, worm burrows, hematite layers, and filled and unfilled mud cracks in basic structures. Model petrographic research reveals that the Murree Formation primarily consists of light minerals like feldspar, quartzite, and felice, whereas the Kamlial Formation is composed of heavy minerals like garnet and tourmaline. Sandstone from the Rawalpindi group undergoes analysis to ascertain its provenance using the quartz feldspar lithic fragments ternary diagram technique. Each plot in the QFL diagram’s recycled orogeny provenance field is plotted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81472841)the basic project of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.14JC1492500)the medical guide project of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.134119a1300)
文摘Glioblastoma （GBM） is a type of tumor that is highly lethal despite maximal therapy. Standard therapeutic approaches provide modest improvement in progression-free and overall survival, necessitating the investigation of novel therapies. Oncologic therapy has recently experienced a rapid evolution toward ＂targeted therapy＂, with drugs directed against specific targets which play essential roles in the proliferation, survival, and invasiveness of GBM cells, including numerous molecules involved in signal transduction pathways. Inhihitors of these molecules have already entered or are undergoing clinical trials. However, significant challenges in their development remain because several preclinical and clinical studies present conflicting results. In this article, we will provide an up-to-date review of the current targeted therapies in GBM.
基金Supported by Thousand Talents Program for High-end Innovative Talents of Qinghai Province(2020,2022).
文摘Drought stress is an important factor affecting plant growth and development.It will provide a theoretical basis for cultivating new stress-resistant varieties and improving water utilization rate of plants by studying the regulation mechanism of osmotic adjustment and water transportation under drought stress,and understanding the physiological and biochemical characteristics and stress resistance mechanism.
基金supported by the Chinese National Key Technology R&D Program,Ministry of Science&Technology(2021YFC2501300 and 2020YFC2003503)the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z201100005520022,23,25–27)+1 种基金the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-005)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-B-013,C-002,D-009)。
文摘Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is becoming a growing public health concern due to increasing disease and economic burdens.Epidemiological information about SLE,especially its incidence rate,is limited in developing countries.In the current study,we sought to investigate the incidence,prevalence,and economic burdens of SLE in urban China.We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using databases from Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2017,covering approximately 300 million residents in 23 provincial regions in China.Incidence rate and prevalence were standardized by age and gender to China's 2010 national census data.Additionally,we calculated the average annual costs and hospital visit rates.A total of132,258 SLE patients were identified during the study period,with a mean age of 43.03 years(standard deviation:15.29 years).Of these patients,81.33%were women.In 2017,the standardized incidence rate of SLE in China was 14.09(95%confidence interval(CI),11.95–16.41)per 100,000 person-years,with a higher incidence in women than in men(26.41 vs.5.92 per 100,000 person-years).Standardized prevalence in 2017 was 47.61(41.77–53.83),94.16(80.67–108.69),and 17.86(13.84–22.38)per 100,000 people in the overall,female,and male populations,respectively.The average annual rates of increase in prevalence were 21.50%,19.72%,and 25.67%from 2013 to 2017 in the overall,female,and male populations,respectively.The age-specific incidence rates peaked at 30–49 years old in women and 40–59 years old in men.SLE incident and prevalent cases were most common in North-West China and less common in southern and eastern China.Distinct variations in incidence rates across different regions are also consistent with the varying levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure in China.Additionally,the average estimated annual per-capita cost was 1599.34 US dollars in SLE patients,with the highest costs observed in adolescent and young adult patients among different age groups.The SLE population in China is rapidly expanding,and younger at onset,especially in women,which has placed significant burdens on China's healthcare system.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2012AA03A501)。
文摘Inconel 600 alloy is widely utilized for high temperature environment application due to the corresponding good oxidation and corrosion resistance properties.In order to estimate the high temperature oxidation resistance of Inconel 600 alloy at various temperatures,the oxidation weight gain of all specimens was measured and fitted for the curve at the temperatures of 700,800 and 900 ℃ for exposure time of 100 h.The surface morphology and the component of the oxide film were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results indicate that the high temperature oxidation resistance of Inconel 600 alloy is excellent blew 800℃ due to the oxidation kinetic curves at different temperatures corresponding to the parabola dynamic rules.This means that the oxidation film protects the substrate well.The dense oxide layer formation containing Cr_(2)O_(3) and NiCr_(2)O_(4) at 700 and 800 ℃ and MnCr_(2)O_(4) at 900 ℃,respectively,is the main reason for the good oxidation resistance.In contrast,the oxide layer peels off easily under applied force as the temperature increases beyond 800℃, on account of the complicated compositions of the oxide film and the binding force between the oxide layer and the substrate weakening.Corresponding oxidation mechanism is expected to be understood and the oxidation resistance of Inconel 600 alloy is improved through binding force enhancement.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 91646107,81973146 and 81502884)Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary Research:The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BMU2020MX017).
文摘Background and objective Moyamoya disease(MMD)is an increasingly recognised cause of stroke,mainly described in East Asia.China is the largest nation in Asia,but few studies reported the epidemiology of MMD,especially at a national level.We aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of MMD in China.Methods We performed a population-based study using data from the national databases of Urban Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2016,covering approximately 0.50 billion individuals.MMD cases were identified by diagnostic code(International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision I67.5)or related diagnostic text.Results A total of 1987 MMD patients(mean age 44.45±14.30 years,female-to male ratio 1.12)were identified,representing a national crude incidence of 0.59(95%CI:0.49 to 0.68)and a prevalence of 1.01(95%CI:0.81 to 1.21)per 100000 person-years in 2016.Rates were higher in females than in males for the incidence(0.66 vs 0.52)and prevalence(1.05 vs 0.90).And the age-specific rates showed a bimodal distribution,with the highest peak in middle-aged group and the second peak in child group.Conclusions Our results confirm that MMD is relatively common in East Asians,but the rates in China were lower than those in other East Asian countries such as Japan and Korea.The unique epidemiological features,including a relatively weak female predominance and a shift in the highest peak of incidence from children to adults,revealed new sight into MMD.Further research is expected to explore the potential pathogenesis of MMD.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD0901903)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-45-27).
文摘This study evaluated the effects of commercial starter cultures on the microbial counts,protein degradation,biogenic amines and volatile compounds in fermented fish-chili paste.Four inoculated groups with different starter cultures and one group without inoculation were investigated.The results revealed that the application of mixed starter cultures promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria and yeast,while effectively inhibited the Enterbacteriaceae counts compared with the spontaneously fermented group.The inoculation with mixed starter cultures resulted in higher levels of umami-tasting free amino acids(FAAs)in all inoculated groups.Highest content of sweet-tasting FAAs was found in group HS(Pichia anomala+Staphylococcus xylosus+Staphylococcus carnosus+Pediococcus pentosaceus+Pediococcus acidilactici),and much lower bitter-tasting components were presented in group HW(Pichia anomala+Staphylococcus xylosus+Staphylococcus carnosus),HS and HV(Pichia anomala+Lactobacillus plantarum).In addition,total levels of biogenic amines detected in all inoculated samples were significantly lower compared with control,especially the content of tyramine(P<0.05).For the volatile compounds,more esters as well as less undesirable odor substances such as aldehydes,were exhibited in four inoculated groups.
基金This work was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M661738)Opening Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology(No.ASMA202002)Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX21_1703).
文摘The hot deformation behavior of 316H stainless steel used in the 4th-generation nuclear systems was investigated by thermal compression tests at 1000–1150 C and 0.01–10 s^(-1).It was found that true stress firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing strain rate with a threshold of 1 s^(-1).Electron backscatter diffraction was used to analyze the microstructure evolution.Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX)was the dominant dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanism,while continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)was the supplementary one.DDRX happened before CDRX and provided additional nucleation sites for the latter.Twin grain boundaries(R3)appeared in DRX grains due to growth accidents.As the length fraction of R3 increased,the coincidence site lattice(CSL)boundary transition began to occur,forming R9 and R27.After the occurrence of full DRX,the growth and annexation of DRX grains were easy to be promoted,in which progress both equiaxed grains and CSL boundaries disappeared.The ideal deformation microstructure with fine and uniform DRX grains,which was accompanied by a high length fraction of CSL boundaries,appeared at 1000℃–0.01 s^(-1),1050℃–0.01–0.1 s^(-1),1100℃–0.1–1 s^(-1) and 1150℃–1–10 s^(-1).That is,the deformation conditions mentioned above were the preferable thermal forming parameters for 316H stainless steel in actual productions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1606002).
文摘This study was carried out to reveal the browning path of ready-to-eat(RTE)crayfish tails during thermal treatment and storage using path analysis.Maillard reactions,lipid oxidation,and phenol oxidation were evaluated in combination with free radical content and FTIR analysis,and direct path coefficients as well as determination coefficients were obtained based on these parameters,such as the absorbance at 294 nm(A294),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF),thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS),and total phenols(TP).The result showed that the browning of seasoned RTE crayfish tails was ascribe to the synergistic effect of Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation by the order of determination coefficient.After the crayfish hepatopancreas were removed,the content of A294,5-HMF,TBARS,and TP declined more than 30%,specifically affecting the direct pathway from lipid oxidation to Maillard reaction and alleviating the browning.However,no significant change of color was observed in the group without thirteen-spices,while TBARS and free radical content increased by at least 16.7%.The removal of hepatopancreas and the control of Maillard reaction were deemed to be a good measure for inhibiting the non-enzymatic browning of RTE crayfish tails.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.91846112,81973132,81961128006]the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology[Grant No.2020YFC2003503].
文摘Risk prediction tools are crucial for population-based management of cardiovascular disease(CVD).However,most prediction models are currently used to assess long-term risk instead of the risk of short-term CVD onset.We developed a Dynamic Risk-based Early wAming Monitoring(DREAM)system using large-scale,real-time electronic health record data from 2010 to 2020 from the CHinese Electronic health Records Research in Yinzhou study.The dynamic risk scores were derived from a 1:5 matched nested case-control set comprising 70,470 individuals(11,745 CVD events)and then validated in a cohort of 81,205 individuals(5950 CVD events).The individuals were Chinese adults aged 40-79 years without a history of CVD at baseline.Eleven predictors related to vital signs,laboratory tests,and health service utilization were selected to establish the dynamic scores.The proposed scores were significantly associated with the subsequent CVD onset(adjusted odds ratio,1.21;95%confidence interval,1.20-1.23).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves(AUCs)was 0.6010(0.5929-0.6092)and 0.6021(0.5937-0.6105)for the long-term 10-year CVD risk<10%and≥10%groups in the derivation set,respectively.In the long-term 10-year CVD risk>10%group in the validation set,the change in AUC in addition to the long-term risk was 0.0235(0.0155-0.0315).By increasing the risk threshold from 7 to 16 points,the proportion of true subsequent CVD cases among those given alerts increased from 40.61%to 85.31%.In terms of management efficiency,the number needed to manage per CVD case ranged from 2.46 to 1.17 using the risk scores.With the increasing popularity and integration of EHR systems with wearable technology,the DREAM scores can be incorporated into an early-warning system and applied in dynamic,real-time,EHR-based,automated management to support healthcare decision making for individuals,general practitioners,and policymakers.
基金financially supported by the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Key R&D Project(BE2021319)Jiangsu Natural Science Fund(BK20170185)+1 种基金the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(JATS[2022]507)China Agricultures Research System(CARS-45).
文摘Fermentation has been found as an effective method to decrease the hypersensitive reactions of consumers by freshwater fish,but the reason is not clear.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of pH and acid-activated proteases on the decrease of immunological properties of parvalbumin from freshwater fish,by the indicators of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,western blotting,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,surface hydrophobicity and circular dichroism.The results showed that black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus)had the highest level of immunological properties reflected by quantitation,the content of linear epitopes and conformational epitopes of parvalbumin,and IgE-binding rate.Afterwards,purified parvalbumin from black carp was obtained with purity higher than 95%.Then,for acidification and enzyme models,it indicated that acid-activated proteases were the reason for the decrease of immunological properties.Ulteriorly,the mechanism on the level of protein structure was provided,which showed the decrease ofα-helix and the increase ofβ-turn and random coil,as well as the decrease of surface hydrophobicity had joint contribution for the breaking of conformational epitopes.This study could provide a novel guidance for the decrease of immunological properties of fish and promote fish processing industry further.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31801575)Earmarked Fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(JATS[2022]507)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M642167)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-45-28)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP121008)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province.
文摘The study aimed to evaluate the co-inoculation of non-fish sauce strains for a fish sauce production made from Ietalurus punetaus fish bone hydrolysate (FBH) without salt addition. Individual inoculation (Lactiplantibacillus pentosus 1, LP and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31, SC), and co-inoculation of both strains (FS) were employed, including an uninoculated control. Both strains exhibited good growth in FBH without salt addition. Compared with individual inoculation and uninoculated control, co-inoculation (FS) produced acid and amino nitrogen more quickly, as well as displaying higher sugar consumption. No significant difference was observed in trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble peptides among all groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, significantly lower levels of six bitter amino acids were observed after co-fermentation (P < 0.05). In addition, more alcohols, esters and acids with pleasant notes and fewer unsaturated aldehydes with fishy note were generated after co-inoculation, in the absence of traditional fish sauce off-odor notes. The study demonstrated that the co-inoculation of non-fish sauce strains were appropriate for producing a salt-free fish sauce with better flavor.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 81902115)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No. SQ2020YFF0426358)National S and T Major Project for Infectious Diseases(No. 2017ZX10201201)。
文摘Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global public health problem. Approximately 887,000 people die of HBV infection-related diseases annually, with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the principal causes of mortality.[1] Timely antiviral therapy greatly reduces the risks of cirrhosis and HCC. However, unfortunately, of those patients who are eligible for antiviral treatment, only 25% of patients in clinic settings and 12% of those in community settings obtain timely antiviral therapy.[2] Therefore, reliable means of identifying patients with chronic HBV infection that require antiviral therapy are necessary, particularly for use in the community.
