Today, agricultural production is threatened by crop pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. Because of their harmful effects on the environment and human health, synthetic nematicides are gradually being bann...Today, agricultural production is threatened by crop pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. Because of their harmful effects on the environment and human health, synthetic nematicides are gradually being banned in several countries. This study evaluates the nematicidal activity of Datura metel oil. Datura metel seed oil was obtained using the Soxhlet extractor in hexane. The resulting oil was characterized by determining physicochemical parameters and molecular composition using GC-MS. The nematicidal activity of the oil was assessed by determining the number of dead nematodes. Physicochemical characterization gave an acidity index of 0.3% and a peroxide index of 10 meq.O2/Kg, while GC-MS analysis identified 30 molecules made up mainly of fatty acid esters, four of which represented over 74% of the oil’s total weight. The nematicidal activity of the oil, expressed in terms of mortality rate as a function of concentration, showed mortality rates of 58;69 and 79% over 48 hours of incubation at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL respectively. The activity observed could be linked to the high presence of the four compounds most commonly identified in the oil. These results suggest that Datura metel oil could be a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides for the control of crop pests.展开更多
Introduction-Objective: COVID-19 is a highly transmissible but often mild viral infection. However, some patients can present severe COVID-19 and subsequently die. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk f...Introduction-Objective: COVID-19 is a highly transmissible but often mild viral infection. However, some patients can present severe COVID-19 and subsequently die. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors for COVID-19 related death during the first three waves of the disease at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) of Dakar Principal Hospital (DPH). Method: We conducted a descriptive and analytical perspective survival study from April 4, 2020 to September 25, 2021, including adult patients with COVID-19, hospitalized at the ETC of DPH. Log Rank test and multivariate Cox model were performed to identify risk factors for death. Results: We included 556 COVID-19 patients with mean age of 57 ± 17 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.26. The number of deaths during one month of follow-up was 41, representing a cumulative risk of 7.4%. The log Rank test showed that being from the third wave (p = 0.0056), advanced age (p = 0.00098), presence of at least one comorbidity (p = 0.034), High blood pressure (p = 0.024), d-dimer level ≥ 1000 IU/L (p Conclusion: Our study showed that elderly and third-wave of COVID-19 patients were more at risk to die. Knowledge of risk factors for COVID-19 related death could improve the prognosis of these patients.展开更多
Dear Editor,Monkeypox is an infectious disease that is endemic in a dozen of African countries.Some imported cases have been also reported outside of Africa in the past[1].Since early May 2022,monkeypox infections inc...Dear Editor,Monkeypox is an infectious disease that is endemic in a dozen of African countries.Some imported cases have been also reported outside of Africa in the past[1].Since early May 2022,monkeypox infections including human-to-human transmission,were reported in a multi-country outbreak in non-endemic countries and declared Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)by the World Health Organization(WHO)in July 2022[2].As of 20 September 2022,a total of at least 62,798 human cases of monkeypox with 20 deaths have been confirmed in 115 countries in five WHO regions[3].展开更多
Scleroderma (or systemic sclerosis) is a disease characterized by abnormalities in the functioning of small blood vessels and the immune system, ultimately leading to inflammation and excessive fibrosis of the skin an...Scleroderma (or systemic sclerosis) is a disease characterized by abnormalities in the functioning of small blood vessels and the immune system, ultimately leading to inflammation and excessive fibrosis of the skin and various organs, including the heart. Management must be multidisciplinary, to avoid complications that are often serious. We report the case of a 20-year-old patient with no known cardiovascular history who consults for dyspnea, and retrosternal pain associated with a dry cough. On physical examination, she had tachycardia, swelling of the lower limbs, jugular turgidity, and deafening heart sounds. Cardiac Doppler ultrasound shows dilation of the right cavities, paradoxical septum and significant pulmonary arterial hypertension, pericardial effusion of medium abundance. On oral examination, it presents an ulceration of the lips, dermatological examination finds scattered hypo chromic spots in the body, more accentuated in the face. Before the hypo chromic dermatosis, a dermatological consultation was carried out with an autoimmune assessment that came back positive for systemic scleroderma.展开更多
Background:Diarrhoeal diseases remain an important cause of mortality and morbidity among children,particularly in low-and middle-income countries.In Senegal,diarrhoea is responsible for 15%of all deaths in children u...Background:Diarrhoeal diseases remain an important cause of mortality and morbidity among children,particularly in low-and middle-income countries.In Senegal,diarrhoea is responsible for 15%of all deaths in children under the age of five and is the third leading cause of childhood deaths.For targeted planning and implementation of prevention strategies,a context-specific understanding of the determinants of diarrhoeal diseases is needed.The aim of this study was to identify risk factors of diarrhoeal diseases in children under the age of five in Mbour,Senegal.Methods:Between February and March 2014,a cross-sectional survey was conducted in four zones of Mbour to estimate the burden of diarrhoeal diseases(i.e.diarrhoea episodes in the 2 weeks preceding the survey)and associated risk factors.The zones covered urban central,peri-central,north peripheral and south peripheral areas.Overall,596 households were surveyed by a questionnaire,yielding information on sociodemographic,environmental and hygiene behavioural factors.Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of diarrhoea.Results:The reported prevalence of diarrhoea among children under the age of five during the 2 weeks preceding the survey was 26%.Without adjustment,the highest diarrhoea prevalence rates were observed in the peri-central(44.8%)and urban central zones(36.3%).Multivariable regression revealed significant associations between diarrhoeal diseases and unemployment of mothers(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=1.62,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.18-2.23),use of open bags for storing household waste(aOR=1.75,95%CI:1.00-3.02),evacuation of household waste in public streets(aOR=2.07,95%CI:1.20-3.55),no treatment of stored drinking water(aOR=1.69,95%CI:1.11-2.56)and use of shared toilets(aOR=1.69,95%CI:1.11-2.56).Conclusion:We found a high prevalence of diarrhoea in children under the age of five in Mbour,with the highest prevalence occurring in the central and peri-central areas.These findings underscore the need for public health interventions to alleviate the burden of diarrhoea among vulnerable groups.Promotion of solid waste disposal and reduction of wastewater exposure should be implemented without delay.展开更多
文摘Today, agricultural production is threatened by crop pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. Because of their harmful effects on the environment and human health, synthetic nematicides are gradually being banned in several countries. This study evaluates the nematicidal activity of Datura metel oil. Datura metel seed oil was obtained using the Soxhlet extractor in hexane. The resulting oil was characterized by determining physicochemical parameters and molecular composition using GC-MS. The nematicidal activity of the oil was assessed by determining the number of dead nematodes. Physicochemical characterization gave an acidity index of 0.3% and a peroxide index of 10 meq.O2/Kg, while GC-MS analysis identified 30 molecules made up mainly of fatty acid esters, four of which represented over 74% of the oil’s total weight. The nematicidal activity of the oil, expressed in terms of mortality rate as a function of concentration, showed mortality rates of 58;69 and 79% over 48 hours of incubation at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL respectively. The activity observed could be linked to the high presence of the four compounds most commonly identified in the oil. These results suggest that Datura metel oil could be a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides for the control of crop pests.
文摘Introduction-Objective: COVID-19 is a highly transmissible but often mild viral infection. However, some patients can present severe COVID-19 and subsequently die. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors for COVID-19 related death during the first three waves of the disease at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) of Dakar Principal Hospital (DPH). Method: We conducted a descriptive and analytical perspective survival study from April 4, 2020 to September 25, 2021, including adult patients with COVID-19, hospitalized at the ETC of DPH. Log Rank test and multivariate Cox model were performed to identify risk factors for death. Results: We included 556 COVID-19 patients with mean age of 57 ± 17 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.26. The number of deaths during one month of follow-up was 41, representing a cumulative risk of 7.4%. The log Rank test showed that being from the third wave (p = 0.0056), advanced age (p = 0.00098), presence of at least one comorbidity (p = 0.034), High blood pressure (p = 0.024), d-dimer level ≥ 1000 IU/L (p Conclusion: Our study showed that elderly and third-wave of COVID-19 patients were more at risk to die. Knowledge of risk factors for COVID-19 related death could improve the prognosis of these patients.
基金supported by the Benin Ministry of Health and the Institut Pasteur de Dakar Internal Funds for Research.·。
文摘Dear Editor,Monkeypox is an infectious disease that is endemic in a dozen of African countries.Some imported cases have been also reported outside of Africa in the past[1].Since early May 2022,monkeypox infections including human-to-human transmission,were reported in a multi-country outbreak in non-endemic countries and declared Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)by the World Health Organization(WHO)in July 2022[2].As of 20 September 2022,a total of at least 62,798 human cases of monkeypox with 20 deaths have been confirmed in 115 countries in five WHO regions[3].
文摘Scleroderma (or systemic sclerosis) is a disease characterized by abnormalities in the functioning of small blood vessels and the immune system, ultimately leading to inflammation and excessive fibrosis of the skin and various organs, including the heart. Management must be multidisciplinary, to avoid complications that are often serious. We report the case of a 20-year-old patient with no known cardiovascular history who consults for dyspnea, and retrosternal pain associated with a dry cough. On physical examination, she had tachycardia, swelling of the lower limbs, jugular turgidity, and deafening heart sounds. Cardiac Doppler ultrasound shows dilation of the right cavities, paradoxical septum and significant pulmonary arterial hypertension, pericardial effusion of medium abundance. On oral examination, it presents an ulceration of the lips, dermatological examination finds scattered hypo chromic spots in the body, more accentuated in the face. Before the hypo chromic dermatosis, a dermatological consultation was carried out with an autoimmune assessment that came back positive for systemic scleroderma.
基金This study received financial support from l’Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie and from the Swiss government,through the Swiss Government Excellence Scholarships for Foreign Scholars(ESKAS scholarship)research training at the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute,an associated institute of the University of Basel.The funders had a supporting role in the data collection,analysis and preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Background:Diarrhoeal diseases remain an important cause of mortality and morbidity among children,particularly in low-and middle-income countries.In Senegal,diarrhoea is responsible for 15%of all deaths in children under the age of five and is the third leading cause of childhood deaths.For targeted planning and implementation of prevention strategies,a context-specific understanding of the determinants of diarrhoeal diseases is needed.The aim of this study was to identify risk factors of diarrhoeal diseases in children under the age of five in Mbour,Senegal.Methods:Between February and March 2014,a cross-sectional survey was conducted in four zones of Mbour to estimate the burden of diarrhoeal diseases(i.e.diarrhoea episodes in the 2 weeks preceding the survey)and associated risk factors.The zones covered urban central,peri-central,north peripheral and south peripheral areas.Overall,596 households were surveyed by a questionnaire,yielding information on sociodemographic,environmental and hygiene behavioural factors.Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of diarrhoea.Results:The reported prevalence of diarrhoea among children under the age of five during the 2 weeks preceding the survey was 26%.Without adjustment,the highest diarrhoea prevalence rates were observed in the peri-central(44.8%)and urban central zones(36.3%).Multivariable regression revealed significant associations between diarrhoeal diseases and unemployment of mothers(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=1.62,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.18-2.23),use of open bags for storing household waste(aOR=1.75,95%CI:1.00-3.02),evacuation of household waste in public streets(aOR=2.07,95%CI:1.20-3.55),no treatment of stored drinking water(aOR=1.69,95%CI:1.11-2.56)and use of shared toilets(aOR=1.69,95%CI:1.11-2.56).Conclusion:We found a high prevalence of diarrhoea in children under the age of five in Mbour,with the highest prevalence occurring in the central and peri-central areas.These findings underscore the need for public health interventions to alleviate the burden of diarrhoea among vulnerable groups.Promotion of solid waste disposal and reduction of wastewater exposure should be implemented without delay.
