Until the advent of phylogenomics,the atypical morphology of extant represen-tatives of the insect orders Grylloblattodea(ice-crawlers)and Mantophasmatodea(gladi-ators)had confounding effects on efforts to resolve the...Until the advent of phylogenomics,the atypical morphology of extant represen-tatives of the insect orders Grylloblattodea(ice-crawlers)and Mantophasmatodea(gladi-ators)had confounding effects on efforts to resolve their placement within Polyneoptera.This recent research has unequivocally shown that these species-poor groups are closely related and form the clade Xenonomia.Nonetheless,divergence dates of these groups re-main poorly constrained,and their evolutionary history debated,as the few well-identified fossils,characterized by a suite of morphological features similar to that of extant forms,are comparatively young.Notably,the extant forms of both groups are wingless,whereas most of the pre-Cretaceous insect fossil record is composed of winged insects,which represents a major shortcoming of the taxonomy.Here,we present new specimens em-bedded in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar and belonging to the recently described species Aristovia danili.The abundant material and pristine preservation allowed a de-tailed documentation of the morphology of the species,including critical head features.Combined with a morphological data set encompassing all Polyneoptera,these new data unequivocally demonstrate that A.danili is a winged stem Grylloblattodea.This discov-ery demonstrates that winglessness was acquired independently in Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea.Concurrently,wing apomorphic traits shared by the new fossil and earlier fossils demonstrate that a large subset of the former Protorthoptera"assemblage,representing a third of all known insect species in some Permian localities,are genuine representatives of Xenonomia.Data from the fossil record depict a distinctive evolution-ary trajectory,with the group being both highly diverse and abundant during the Permian but experiencing a severe decline from the Triassic onwards.展开更多
During the Upper Carboniferous, orthopteran insects （grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets） were represented by numerous species distantly related to crown-orthopterans, such as lobeattid and cnemidolestodean insects...During the Upper Carboniferous, orthopteran insects （grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets） were represented by numerous species distantly related to crown-orthopterans, such as lobeattid and cnemidolestodean insects. The panorthopterans, including total- orthopterans and their closest relatives, are represented by comparatively rarer species in localities of this period. Here we describe Heterologus duyiwuer sp. nov., an infrequent panorthopteran from the Late Carboniferous locality of Xiaheyan Village （Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China）. The only available specimen is composed of an isolated forewing exhibiting a combination of character states previously unknown, in particular the lack of posterior radius （RP） / anterior Media （MA） connection, late branchings of the media （M） and anterior cubitus （CuA）, and a branched posterior branch of the posterior cubitus （CuPb）. Based on its unusual branching pattern, the composite stem resulting from the fusion of CuA and CuPaa （second anterior branch of CuP） is assumed to be composed of a branched CuA and a simple CuPaa.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.42272004,42288201,32020103006).
文摘Until the advent of phylogenomics,the atypical morphology of extant represen-tatives of the insect orders Grylloblattodea(ice-crawlers)and Mantophasmatodea(gladi-ators)had confounding effects on efforts to resolve their placement within Polyneoptera.This recent research has unequivocally shown that these species-poor groups are closely related and form the clade Xenonomia.Nonetheless,divergence dates of these groups re-main poorly constrained,and their evolutionary history debated,as the few well-identified fossils,characterized by a suite of morphological features similar to that of extant forms,are comparatively young.Notably,the extant forms of both groups are wingless,whereas most of the pre-Cretaceous insect fossil record is composed of winged insects,which represents a major shortcoming of the taxonomy.Here,we present new specimens em-bedded in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar and belonging to the recently described species Aristovia danili.The abundant material and pristine preservation allowed a de-tailed documentation of the morphology of the species,including critical head features.Combined with a morphological data set encompassing all Polyneoptera,these new data unequivocally demonstrate that A.danili is a winged stem Grylloblattodea.This discov-ery demonstrates that winglessness was acquired independently in Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea.Concurrently,wing apomorphic traits shared by the new fossil and earlier fossils demonstrate that a large subset of the former Protorthoptera"assemblage,representing a third of all known insect species in some Permian localities,are genuine representatives of Xenonomia.Data from the fossil record depict a distinctive evolution-ary trajectory,with the group being both highly diverse and abundant during the Permian but experiencing a severe decline from the Triassic onwards.
文摘During the Upper Carboniferous, orthopteran insects （grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets） were represented by numerous species distantly related to crown-orthopterans, such as lobeattid and cnemidolestodean insects. The panorthopterans, including total- orthopterans and their closest relatives, are represented by comparatively rarer species in localities of this period. Here we describe Heterologus duyiwuer sp. nov., an infrequent panorthopteran from the Late Carboniferous locality of Xiaheyan Village （Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China）. The only available specimen is composed of an isolated forewing exhibiting a combination of character states previously unknown, in particular the lack of posterior radius （RP） / anterior Media （MA） connection, late branchings of the media （M） and anterior cubitus （CuA）, and a branched posterior branch of the posterior cubitus （CuPb）. Based on its unusual branching pattern, the composite stem resulting from the fusion of CuA and CuPaa （second anterior branch of CuP） is assumed to be composed of a branched CuA and a simple CuPaa.
