The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are fundamental processes in a range of energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. ORR and OER both hav...The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are fundamental processes in a range of energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. ORR and OER both have significant activation barriers, which severely limit the overall performance of energy conversion devices that utilize ORR/OER. Meanwhile, ORR is another very important electrochemical reaction involving oxygen that has been widely investigated. ORR occurs in aqueous solutions via two pathways: the direct 4-electron reduction or 2-electron reduction pathways from O_(2) to water(H_2O) or from O_(2) to hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_(2)). Noble metal electrocatalysts are often used to catalyze OER and ORR, despite the fact that noble metal electrocatalysts have certain intrinsic limitations, such as low storage. Thus, it is urgent to develop more active and stable low-cost electrocatalysts, especially for severe environments(e.g., acidic media). Theoretically, an ideal oxygen electrocatalyst should provide adequate binding to oxygen species. Transition metals not belonging to the platinum group metal-based oxides are a low-cost substance that could give a d orbital for oxygen species binding. As a result, transition metal oxides are regarded as a substitute for typical precious metal oxygen electrocatalysts. However, the development of oxide catalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions still faces significant challenges, e.g., catalytic activity, stability, cost, and reaction mechanism. We discuss the fundamental principles underlying the design of oxide catalysts, including the influence of crystal structure, and electronic structure on their performance. We also discuss the challenges associated with developing oxide catalysts and the potential strategies to overcome these challenges.展开更多
Transforming growth factor β plays a role in regulation of apoptosis in CIC-3 and the Smads signaling pathway, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study determined possible signal transduct...Transforming growth factor β plays a role in regulation of apoptosis in CIC-3 and the Smads signaling pathway, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study determined possible signal transduction mechanisms based on CIC-3 expression, which accordingly affected apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in a glutamate-induced retinal ganglion cell RGC-5 apoptosis model. Results revealed significantly increased cell survival rate and significantly decreased apoptosis rate following apoptosis of CIC-3 cDNA-transfected glutamate-induced retinal ganglion cells. Following inhibition of the CIC-3 chloride channel using RNAi technology, cell survival and apoptosis rates were reversed. In addition, expression of transforming growth factor β2 Smads2, Smads3, Smads4, and Smads7 increased to varying degrees. These results suggest that CIC-3 chloride channel plays a protective role in glutamate-induced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, and transforming growth factor β/Smads signal transduction pathways are involved in this process.展开更多
BACKGROUND Excellent hip joint function facilitates limb recovery and improves the quality of survival.This study aimed to investigate the potential risk factors affecting postoperative joint functional activity and o...BACKGROUND Excellent hip joint function facilitates limb recovery and improves the quality of survival.This study aimed to investigate the potential risk factors affecting postoperative joint functional activity and outcomes in elderly hip fractures patients and to provide evidence for patient rehabilitation and clinical management.AIM To explore the relationship between inflammatory factors and hip function and the interaction between inflammation and health after hip fracture in elderly patients.METHODS The elderly patients who had hip fracture surgery at our hospital between January 1,2021,and December 31,2022 were chosen for this retrospective clinical investigation.Patients with excellent and fair postoperative hip function had their clinical information and characteristics gathered and compared.Age,gender,fracture site,surgical technique,laboratory indices,and other variables that could have an impact on postoperative joint function were all included in a univariate study.To further identify independent risk factors affecting postoperative joint function in hip fractures,risk factors that showed statistical significance in the univariate analysis were then included in a multiple logistic regression analysis.In addition to this,we also compared other outcome variables such as visual analogue scale and length of hospital stay between the two groups.RESULTS A total of 119 elderly patients with hip fractures were included in this study,of whom 37 were male and 82 were female.The results of univariate logistic regression analysis after excluding the interaction of various factors showed that there was a statistically significant difference in interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,IL-10,C-reactive protein(CRP),and complement C1q(C1q)between the fair and excellent joint function groups(P<0.05).The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that IL-6>20 pg/mL[Odds ratio(OR)3.070,95%CI:1.243-7.579],IL-8>21.4 pg/mL(OR 3.827,95%CI:1.498-9.773),CRP>10 mg/L(OR 2.142,95%CI:1.020-4.498)and C1q>233 mg/L(OR 2.339,95%CI:1.094-5.004)were independent risk factors for poor joint function after hip fracture surgery(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION After hip fractures in older patients,inflammatory variables are risk factors for fair joint function;therefore,early intervention to address these markers is essential to enhance joint function and avoid consequences.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries have received widespread attention, and lean electrolyte Li–S batteries have attracted additional interest because of their higher energy densities. This review systematically analyze...Lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries have received widespread attention, and lean electrolyte Li–S batteries have attracted additional interest because of their higher energy densities. This review systematically analyzes the effect of the electrolyte-to-sulfur(E/S) ratios on battery energy density and the challenges for sulfur reduction reactions(SRR) under lean electrolyte conditions. Accordingly, we review the use of various polar transition metal sulfur hosts as corresponding solutions to facilitate SRR kinetics at low E/S ratios(< 10 μL mg~(-1)), and the strengths and limitations of different transition metal compounds are presented and discussed from a fundamental perspective. Subsequently, three promising strategies for sulfur hosts that act as anchors and catalysts are proposed to boost lean electrolyte Li–S battery performance. Finally, an outlook is provided to guide future research on high energy density Li–S batteries.展开更多
The sustainable production of green hydrogen via water electrolysis necessitates cost-effective electrocatalysts.By following the circular economy principle,the utilization of waste-derived catalysts significantly pro...The sustainable production of green hydrogen via water electrolysis necessitates cost-effective electrocatalysts.By following the circular economy principle,the utilization of waste-derived catalysts significantly promotes the sustainable development of green hydrogen energy.Currently,diverse waste-derived catalysts have exhibited excellent catalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and overall water electrolysis(OWE).Herein,we systematically examine recent achievements in waste-derived electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.The general principles of water electrolysis and design principles of efficient electrocatalysts are discussed,followed by the illustration of current strategies for transforming wastes into electrocatalysts.Then,applications of waste-derived catalysts(i.e.,carbon-based catalysts,transitional metal-based catalysts,and carbon-based heterostructure catalysts)in HER,OER,and OWE are reviewed successively.An emphasis is put on correlating the catalysts’structure-performance relationship.Also,challenges and research directions in this booming field are finally highlighted.This review would provide useful insights into the design,synthesis,and applications of waste-derived electrocatalysts,and thus accelerate the development of the circular economy-driven green hydrogen energy scheme.展开更多
Objective This work summarizes the clinical features and treatment of 10 AIDS patients with malignant lymphoma. Methods A total of 10 AIDS patients with malignant lymphoma seen in Beijing Ditan Hospital since 2009 wer...Objective This work summarizes the clinical features and treatment of 10 AIDS patients with malignant lymphoma. Methods A total of 10 AIDS patients with malignant lymphoma seen in Beijing Ditan Hospital since 2009 were enrolled. Clinical manifestations, pathological examinations, immunity levels, Epstein-Barr virus antibody examinations, complications, treatments, and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results The main clinical manifestations of these patients included intermittent fever in 2 cases, neck masses and fever in 3 cases, auxiliary lymph node enlargement in 2 cases, and abdominal pain and bloating with fever in 3 cases. Up to 7 patients were pathologically diagnosed with diffuse large B cell lymphoma （DLBCL）, and 3 patients were pathologically diagnosed with Burkitt＇s lymphoma. Up to 8 patients had CD4 cell counts below 200/μL, and 2 patients had a level of more than 200/μL. Up to 7 patients were negative for EBV-IgM antibodies and 3 patients were not examined. Six patients underwent different chemotherapy and their prognoses were different. One patient with Burkitt＇s lymphoma alternatively took CODOXM and IVAC for 3 turns after VP chemotherapy; 1 patient with liver metastasis took R-CHOP 5 times, then changed therapy regimen to R-MINE and MINE. One patient with adrenal DLBCL took CHOP 6 times. Three patients with DLBCL took CHOP 1 or 2 times. Four patients gave up treatment. Various infections and side effects occurred, including bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal bleeding, and renal dysfunction during chemotherapy. Six patients took HAARI, and 4 did not. Six patients died, whereas 3 patients got improved; and 1 patient was discharged. Conclusions AIDS patients with malignant lymphoma had various clinical manifestations, were immunocompromised, and had multiple metastases when they were admitted; they were already in the interim or late stage of lymphoma. Chemotherapy was not effective, and additional complications occurred. HAART failed to improve patient prognosis, and the overall prognosis was poor.展开更多
We report an attempt to reveal the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a classical rotating pendulum system subjected to combined excitations of constant force and periodic excitation.The unperturbed system characterized by...We report an attempt to reveal the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a classical rotating pendulum system subjected to combined excitations of constant force and periodic excitation.The unperturbed system characterized by strong irrational nonlinearity bears significant similarities to the coupling of a simple pendulum and a smooth and discontinuous(SD)oscillator,especially the phase trajectory with coexistence of Duffing-type and pendulum-type homoclinic orbits.In order to learn the effect of constant force on this pendulum system,all types of phase portraits are displayed by means of the Hamiltonian function with large constant excitation especially the transitions of complex singular closed orbits.Under sufficiently small perturbations of the viscous damping and constant excitation,the Melnikov method is used to analyze the global structure of the phase space and the feature of trajectories.It is shown,both theoretically and numerically,that this system undergoes a homoclinic bifurcation and then bifurcates a unique attracting rotating limit cycle.Finally,the estimation of the chaotic threshold of the rotating pendulum system with multiple excitations is calculated and the predicted periodic and chaotic motions can be shown by applying numerical simulations.展开更多
Two novel two-dimensional(2D)supramolecular organic frameworks were fabricated in water based on the encapsulation-enhanced donor-acceptor interaction between the methyl viologen(MV)units,methoxy naphthyl(MN)units,and...Two novel two-dimensional(2D)supramolecular organic frameworks were fabricated in water based on the encapsulation-enhanced donor-acceptor interaction between the methyl viologen(MV)units,methoxy naphthyl(MN)units,and CB[8].The tetraphenylethylene(TPE)derivatives 1 with four MV units were employed as rigid building blocks and the two MN units modified oligoethylene glycol derivatives 2 and 3 served as flexible edges,respectively.The obtained two SOFs have obvious sheet-like structures and exhibit fluorescence emission at 350-500 nm.In addition,these two SOFs were employed for the luminescent detection of Cr(Ⅵ)and Mn(Ⅶ)in aqueous solutions,and the detection limits of CrO_(4)^(2-),Cr_(2)_(O)_(7)^(2-),and MnO_(4)were calculated in a very low concentration range,indicating that these two SOFs can serve as a potential sensor for Cr(Ⅵ)and Mn(Ⅶ)detection in water.This work constructs two SOFs in an aqueous solution through a facile method and further enriches the applications of SOFs.展开更多
MXenes are emerging transition metal carbides and nitrides-based 2D conductive materials.They have found wide applications in sensors due to their excellent valuable properties.This paper reviews the recent research s...MXenes are emerging transition metal carbides and nitrides-based 2D conductive materials.They have found wide applications in sensors due to their excellent valuable properties.This paper reviews the recent research status of MXene-based electrochemical(bio)sensors for detecting biomarkers,pesticides,and other aspects.The first part of this paper introduced the synthesis strategy and the effect of surface modification on various prop-erties of MXenes.The second part of this paper discussed the application of MXenes as electrode modifiers for detecting pesticides,environmental pollutants,and biomarkers such as glucose,hydrogen peroxide,etc.Hope this review will inspire more efforts toward research on MXene-based sensors to meet the growing requirements.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China (22005250)National Key R D Program of China (2022YFB2502000)FWO (12ZV320N)。
文摘The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are fundamental processes in a range of energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. ORR and OER both have significant activation barriers, which severely limit the overall performance of energy conversion devices that utilize ORR/OER. Meanwhile, ORR is another very important electrochemical reaction involving oxygen that has been widely investigated. ORR occurs in aqueous solutions via two pathways: the direct 4-electron reduction or 2-electron reduction pathways from O_(2) to water(H_2O) or from O_(2) to hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_(2)). Noble metal electrocatalysts are often used to catalyze OER and ORR, despite the fact that noble metal electrocatalysts have certain intrinsic limitations, such as low storage. Thus, it is urgent to develop more active and stable low-cost electrocatalysts, especially for severe environments(e.g., acidic media). Theoretically, an ideal oxygen electrocatalyst should provide adequate binding to oxygen species. Transition metals not belonging to the platinum group metal-based oxides are a low-cost substance that could give a d orbital for oxygen species binding. As a result, transition metal oxides are regarded as a substitute for typical precious metal oxygen electrocatalysts. However, the development of oxide catalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions still faces significant challenges, e.g., catalytic activity, stability, cost, and reaction mechanism. We discuss the fundamental principles underlying the design of oxide catalysts, including the influence of crystal structure, and electronic structure on their performance. We also discuss the challenges associated with developing oxide catalysts and the potential strategies to overcome these challenges.
文摘Transforming growth factor β plays a role in regulation of apoptosis in CIC-3 and the Smads signaling pathway, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study determined possible signal transduction mechanisms based on CIC-3 expression, which accordingly affected apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in a glutamate-induced retinal ganglion cell RGC-5 apoptosis model. Results revealed significantly increased cell survival rate and significantly decreased apoptosis rate following apoptosis of CIC-3 cDNA-transfected glutamate-induced retinal ganglion cells. Following inhibition of the CIC-3 chloride channel using RNAi technology, cell survival and apoptosis rates were reversed. In addition, expression of transforming growth factor β2 Smads2, Smads3, Smads4, and Smads7 increased to varying degrees. These results suggest that CIC-3 chloride channel plays a protective role in glutamate-induced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, and transforming growth factor β/Smads signal transduction pathways are involved in this process.
基金Supported by Leading Talents Training Program of Pudong New Area Health Commission,No.PWR 12020-06and Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.20Y11901800.
文摘BACKGROUND Excellent hip joint function facilitates limb recovery and improves the quality of survival.This study aimed to investigate the potential risk factors affecting postoperative joint functional activity and outcomes in elderly hip fractures patients and to provide evidence for patient rehabilitation and clinical management.AIM To explore the relationship between inflammatory factors and hip function and the interaction between inflammation and health after hip fracture in elderly patients.METHODS The elderly patients who had hip fracture surgery at our hospital between January 1,2021,and December 31,2022 were chosen for this retrospective clinical investigation.Patients with excellent and fair postoperative hip function had their clinical information and characteristics gathered and compared.Age,gender,fracture site,surgical technique,laboratory indices,and other variables that could have an impact on postoperative joint function were all included in a univariate study.To further identify independent risk factors affecting postoperative joint function in hip fractures,risk factors that showed statistical significance in the univariate analysis were then included in a multiple logistic regression analysis.In addition to this,we also compared other outcome variables such as visual analogue scale and length of hospital stay between the two groups.RESULTS A total of 119 elderly patients with hip fractures were included in this study,of whom 37 were male and 82 were female.The results of univariate logistic regression analysis after excluding the interaction of various factors showed that there was a statistically significant difference in interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,IL-10,C-reactive protein(CRP),and complement C1q(C1q)between the fair and excellent joint function groups(P<0.05).The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that IL-6>20 pg/mL[Odds ratio(OR)3.070,95%CI:1.243-7.579],IL-8>21.4 pg/mL(OR 3.827,95%CI:1.498-9.773),CRP>10 mg/L(OR 2.142,95%CI:1.020-4.498)and C1q>233 mg/L(OR 2.339,95%CI:1.094-5.004)were independent risk factors for poor joint function after hip fracture surgery(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION After hip fractures in older patients,inflammatory variables are risk factors for fair joint function;therefore,early intervention to address these markers is essential to enhance joint function and avoid consequences.
基金the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) for a Research Project (G0B3218N)the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22005054)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2021J01149)State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry (20200007)Sichuan Science and Technology Program (project No.: 2022ZYD0016 and 2023JDRC0013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project No. 21776120)。
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries have received widespread attention, and lean electrolyte Li–S batteries have attracted additional interest because of their higher energy densities. This review systematically analyzes the effect of the electrolyte-to-sulfur(E/S) ratios on battery energy density and the challenges for sulfur reduction reactions(SRR) under lean electrolyte conditions. Accordingly, we review the use of various polar transition metal sulfur hosts as corresponding solutions to facilitate SRR kinetics at low E/S ratios(< 10 μL mg~(-1)), and the strengths and limitations of different transition metal compounds are presented and discussed from a fundamental perspective. Subsequently, three promising strategies for sulfur hosts that act as anchors and catalysts are proposed to boost lean electrolyte Li–S battery performance. Finally, an outlook is provided to guide future research on high energy density Li–S batteries.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Project (DP220101139)support of the Australian Research Council (ARC) through Project DE220100530support of the Australian Research Council (ARC) through Project DE200100970
文摘The sustainable production of green hydrogen via water electrolysis necessitates cost-effective electrocatalysts.By following the circular economy principle,the utilization of waste-derived catalysts significantly promotes the sustainable development of green hydrogen energy.Currently,diverse waste-derived catalysts have exhibited excellent catalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and overall water electrolysis(OWE).Herein,we systematically examine recent achievements in waste-derived electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.The general principles of water electrolysis and design principles of efficient electrocatalysts are discussed,followed by the illustration of current strategies for transforming wastes into electrocatalysts.Then,applications of waste-derived catalysts(i.e.,carbon-based catalysts,transitional metal-based catalysts,and carbon-based heterostructure catalysts)in HER,OER,and OWE are reviewed successively.An emphasis is put on correlating the catalysts’structure-performance relationship.Also,challenges and research directions in this booming field are finally highlighted.This review would provide useful insights into the design,synthesis,and applications of waste-derived electrocatalysts,and thus accelerate the development of the circular economy-driven green hydrogen energy scheme.
基金supported by a grant from the Major Scientific Projects of the National Eleventh Five-year Special Planning in Prevention and Treatment of Main Infectious Diseases, such as AIDS and Viral Hepatitis(No.2008ZX10001-006)
文摘Objective This work summarizes the clinical features and treatment of 10 AIDS patients with malignant lymphoma. Methods A total of 10 AIDS patients with malignant lymphoma seen in Beijing Ditan Hospital since 2009 were enrolled. Clinical manifestations, pathological examinations, immunity levels, Epstein-Barr virus antibody examinations, complications, treatments, and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results The main clinical manifestations of these patients included intermittent fever in 2 cases, neck masses and fever in 3 cases, auxiliary lymph node enlargement in 2 cases, and abdominal pain and bloating with fever in 3 cases. Up to 7 patients were pathologically diagnosed with diffuse large B cell lymphoma （DLBCL）, and 3 patients were pathologically diagnosed with Burkitt＇s lymphoma. Up to 8 patients had CD4 cell counts below 200/μL, and 2 patients had a level of more than 200/μL. Up to 7 patients were negative for EBV-IgM antibodies and 3 patients were not examined. Six patients underwent different chemotherapy and their prognoses were different. One patient with Burkitt＇s lymphoma alternatively took CODOXM and IVAC for 3 turns after VP chemotherapy; 1 patient with liver metastasis took R-CHOP 5 times, then changed therapy regimen to R-MINE and MINE. One patient with adrenal DLBCL took CHOP 6 times. Three patients with DLBCL took CHOP 1 or 2 times. Four patients gave up treatment. Various infections and side effects occurred, including bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal bleeding, and renal dysfunction during chemotherapy. Six patients took HAARI, and 4 did not. Six patients died, whereas 3 patients got improved; and 1 patient was discharged. Conclusions AIDS patients with malignant lymphoma had various clinical manifestations, were immunocompromised, and had multiple metastases when they were admitted; they were already in the interim or late stage of lymphoma. Chemotherapy was not effective, and additional complications occurred. HAART failed to improve patient prognosis, and the overall prognosis was poor.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11702078 and 11771115)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.A2018201227)the High-Level Talent Introduction Project of Hebei University,China(Grant No.801260201111).
文摘We report an attempt to reveal the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a classical rotating pendulum system subjected to combined excitations of constant force and periodic excitation.The unperturbed system characterized by strong irrational nonlinearity bears significant similarities to the coupling of a simple pendulum and a smooth and discontinuous(SD)oscillator,especially the phase trajectory with coexistence of Duffing-type and pendulum-type homoclinic orbits.In order to learn the effect of constant force on this pendulum system,all types of phase portraits are displayed by means of the Hamiltonian function with large constant excitation especially the transitions of complex singular closed orbits.Under sufficiently small perturbations of the viscous damping and constant excitation,the Melnikov method is used to analyze the global structure of the phase space and the feature of trajectories.It is shown,both theoretically and numerically,that this system undergoes a homoclinic bifurcation and then bifurcates a unique attracting rotating limit cycle.Finally,the estimation of the chaotic threshold of the rotating pendulum system with multiple excitations is calculated and the predicted periodic and chaotic motions can be shown by applying numerical simulations.
基金We are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52205210 and 22005179)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MB018,ZR2022QE033,ZR2021QB049,and ZR2020QB113).
文摘Two novel two-dimensional(2D)supramolecular organic frameworks were fabricated in water based on the encapsulation-enhanced donor-acceptor interaction between the methyl viologen(MV)units,methoxy naphthyl(MN)units,and CB[8].The tetraphenylethylene(TPE)derivatives 1 with four MV units were employed as rigid building blocks and the two MN units modified oligoethylene glycol derivatives 2 and 3 served as flexible edges,respectively.The obtained two SOFs have obvious sheet-like structures and exhibit fluorescence emission at 350-500 nm.In addition,these two SOFs were employed for the luminescent detection of Cr(Ⅵ)and Mn(Ⅶ)in aqueous solutions,and the detection limits of CrO_(4)^(2-),Cr_(2)_(O)_(7)^(2-),and MnO_(4)were calculated in a very low concentration range,indicating that these two SOFs can serve as a potential sensor for Cr(Ⅵ)and Mn(Ⅶ)detection in water.This work constructs two SOFs in an aqueous solution through a facile method and further enriches the applications of SOFs.
文摘MXenes are emerging transition metal carbides and nitrides-based 2D conductive materials.They have found wide applications in sensors due to their excellent valuable properties.This paper reviews the recent research status of MXene-based electrochemical(bio)sensors for detecting biomarkers,pesticides,and other aspects.The first part of this paper introduced the synthesis strategy and the effect of surface modification on various prop-erties of MXenes.The second part of this paper discussed the application of MXenes as electrode modifiers for detecting pesticides,environmental pollutants,and biomarkers such as glucose,hydrogen peroxide,etc.Hope this review will inspire more efforts toward research on MXene-based sensors to meet the growing requirements.
