This review explores glucose monitoring and management strategies,emphasizing the need for reliable and userfriendly wearable sensors that are the next generation of sensors for continuous glucose detection.In additio...This review explores glucose monitoring and management strategies,emphasizing the need for reliable and userfriendly wearable sensors that are the next generation of sensors for continuous glucose detection.In addition,examines key strategies for designing glucose sensors that are multi-functional,reliable,and cost-effective in a variety of contexts.The unique features of effective diabetes management technology are highlighted,with a focus on using nano/biosensor devices that can quickly and accurately detect glucose levels in the blood,improving patient treatment and control of potential diabetes-related infections.The potential of next-generation wearable and touch-sensitive nano biomedical sensor engineering designs for providing full control in assessing implantable,continuous glucose monitoring is also explored.The challenges of standardizing drug or insulin delivery doses,low-cost,real-time detection of increased blood sugar levels in diabetics,and early digital health awareness controls for the adverse effects of injectable medication are identified as unmet needs.Also,the market for biosensors is expected to expand significantly due to the rising need for portable diagnostic equipment and an ever-increasing diabetic population.The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and development of glucose biosensors to meet the stringent requirements for sensitivity and specificity imposed by clinical diagnostics while being cost-effective,stable,and durable.展开更多
Today,self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications.Different studies have focused on designing n...Today,self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications.Different studies have focused on designing novel self-healing graphene-and MXenebased composites with enhanced sensitivity,stretchability,and flexibility as well as improved electrical conductivity,healing efficacy,mechanical properties,and energy conversion efficacy.These composites with self-healing properties can be employed in the field of wearable sensors,supercapacitors,anticorrosive coatings,electromagnetic interference shielding,electronic-skin,soft robotics,etc.However,it appears that more explorations are still needed to achieve composites with excellent arbitrary shape adaptability,suitable adhesiveness,ideal durability,high stretchability,immediate self-healing responsibility,and outstanding electromagnetic features.Besides,optimizing reaction/synthesis conditions and finding suitable strategies for functionalization/modification are crucial aspects that should be comprehensively investigated.MXenes and graphene exhibited superior electrochemical properties with abundant surface terminations and great surface area,which are important to evolve biomedical and sensing applications.However,flexibility and stretchability are important criteria that need to be improved for their future applications.Herein,the most recent advancements pertaining to the applications and properties of self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites are deliberated,focusing on crucial challenges and future perspectives.展开更多
Efficient strategies to promote microvascularization in vascular tissue engineering,a central priority in regenerative medicine,are still scarce;nano-and micro-sized aggregates and spheres or beads harboring primitive...Efficient strategies to promote microvascularization in vascular tissue engineering,a central priority in regenerative medicine,are still scarce;nano-and micro-sized aggregates and spheres or beads harboring primitive microvascular beds are promising methods in vascular tissue engineering.Capillaries are the smallest type and in numerous blood vessels,which are distributed densely in cardiovascular system.To mimic this microvascular network,specific cell components and proangiogenic factors are required.Herein,advanced biofabrication methods in microvascular engineering,including extrusion-based and droplet-based bioprinting,Kenzan,and biogripper approaches,are deliberated with emphasis on the newest works in prevascular nano-and micro-sized aggregates and microspheres/microbeads.展开更多
A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes,such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes.This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials ...A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes,such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes.This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials with improved interfacial properties,superior cell targeting,immune evasion potential,and prolonged duration of systemic circulation.Here,we summarize recent advances in the production and application of exosomal membrane-coated nanomaterials.The structure,properties,and manner in which exosomes communicate with cells are first reviewed.This is followed by a discussion of the types of exosomes and their fabrication methods.We then discuss the applications of biomimetic exosomes and membrane-cloaked nanocarriers in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,imaging,and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Finally,we appraise the current challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomimetic exosomal membrane-surface-engineered nanovehicles and evaluate the future of this technology.展开更多
Fungi and bacteria afflict humans with innumerous pathogen-related infections and ailments.Most of the commonly employed microbicidal agents target commensal and pathogenic microorganisms without discrimination.To dis...Fungi and bacteria afflict humans with innumerous pathogen-related infections and ailments.Most of the commonly employed microbicidal agents target commensal and pathogenic microorganisms without discrimination.To distinguish and fight the pathogenic species out of the microflora,novel antimicrobials have been developed that selectively target specific bacteria and fungi.The cell wall features and antimicrobial mechanisms that these microorganisms involved in are highlighted in the present review.This is followed by reviewing the design of antimicrobials that selectively combat a specific community of microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as fungi.Finally,recent advances in the antimicrobial immunomodulation strategy that enables treating microorganism infections with high specificity are reviewed.These basic tenets will enable the avid reader to design novel approaches and compounds for antibacterial and antifungal applications.展开更多
Transdermal drug delivery systems have overcome many limitations of other drug administration routes,such as injection pain and first-pass metabolism following oral route,although transdermal drug delivery systems are...Transdermal drug delivery systems have overcome many limitations of other drug administration routes,such as injection pain and first-pass metabolism following oral route,although transdermal drug delivery systems are limited to drugs with low molecular weight.Hence,new emerging technology allowing high molecular weight drug delivery across the skin—known as‘microneedles’—has been developed,which creates microchannels that facilitate drug delivery.In this report,drug-loaded degradable conic microneedles are modeled to characterize the degradation rate and drug release profile.Since a lot of data are available for polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)degradation in the literature,PLGA of various molecular weights-as a biodegradable polymer in the polyester family-is used for modeling and verification of the drug delivery in themicroneedles.The main reaction occurring during polyester degradation is hydrolysis of steric bonds,leading to molecular weight reduction.The acid produced in the degradation has a catalytic effect on the reaction.Changes in water,acid and steric bond concentrations over time and for different radii of microneedles are investigated.To solve the partial and ordinary differential equations simultaneously,finite difference and Runge–Kutta methods are employed,respectively,with the aid of MATLAB.Correlation of the polymer degradation rate with its molecular weight and molecular weight changes versus time are illustrated.Also,drug diffusivity is related to matrix molecular weight.The molecular weight reduction and accumulative drug release within the system are predicted.In order to validate and assess the proposed model,data series of the hydrolytic degradation of aspirin(180.16 Da)-and albumin(66,000 Da)-loaded PLGA(1:1 molar ratio)are used for comparison.The proposed model is in good agreement with experimental data from the literature.Considering diffusion as themain phenomena and autocatalytic effects in the reaction,the drug release profile is predicted.Based on our results for a microneedle containing drug,we are able to estimate drug release rates before fabrication.展开更多
The field of photocatalysis has witnessed a significant advancement in the development of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts for various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,cancer...The field of photocatalysis has witnessed a significant advancement in the development of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts for various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,cancer therapy,and bioimaging.Nature has evolved efficient light-harvesting systems and energy conversion mechanisms,which serve as a benchmark for researchers.However,reproducing such complexity and harnessing it for biomedical applications is a daunting task.It requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological processes and the ability to replicate them synthetically.By utilizing light energy,these photocatalysts can trigger specific chemical reactions,leading to targeted drug release,enhanced tissue regeneration,and precise imaging of biological structures.In this context,addressing the stability,long-term performance,scalability,and costeffectiveness of these materials is crucial for their widespread implementation in biomedical applications.While challenges such as complexity and stability persist,their advantages such as targeted drug delivery and personalized medicine make them a fascinating area of research.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of existing research,highlighting the advancements,current challenges,advantages,limitations,and future prospects of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts in biomedicine.展开更多
Application of“bioactive materials”,as a modified version of biomaterials,can optimize the response of the biological system due to their surface reactivity and formation of strong interactions with the adjacent tis...Application of“bioactive materials”,as a modified version of biomaterials,can optimize the response of the biological system due to their surface reactivity and formation of strong interactions with the adjacent tissue upon implantation.However,choosing an appropriate bioactive material that suits to the application and provides the desired mechanical,physical,chemical and biological functionality,as well as understanding the aspects of biological reaction to the biomaterial,in particular immune response,it plays a key role in successful integration of the implant.In this review,we will discuss different bioactive materials including bioactive ceramics,polymers and composites and their applications in drug delivery and scaffold preparation in order to provide an adequate introduction to the recent studies.Considering the necessity of regulation of implant fate for higher biocompatibility,the comprehensive overview to the immune response will be reviewed with the focus on representing the cell-biomaterial interactions and more importantly,the inflammatory responses.Ultimately,we will also discuss about different approaches namely as immunomodulation to elicit the desired physiochemical properties and mimicking native cellular response using bioactive compounds,functionalizing the implant surface with active molecules and alteration of the surface morphology.With better understanding of bioactive materials and their interactions with body,more novel biomaterials representing desired properties can be designed.展开更多
Biodegradable and absorptive wound dresses with antibacterial activity are in demand to accelerate wound heal-ing along with eliminating bacterial infection.Plant-derived naphthoquinones compounds such as lawsone have...Biodegradable and absorptive wound dresses with antibacterial activity are in demand to accelerate wound heal-ing along with eliminating bacterial infection.Plant-derived naphthoquinones compounds such as lawsone have shown sustained antibacterial functions to avoid development of bacterial resistance by reducing pH or attaching to bacterial proteins.Here the nanofibrous mats based on chitosan/polyethylene oxide(PEO)fibers containing various concentrations of lawsone(0,1,3,7,10%wt.)were fabricated by electrospinning for potential applications as wound dressing materials.The results exhibited that the chitosan/PEO/Lawsone nanofibers possess antibacterial activity toward Gram-negative and-positive bacteria.Surprisingly,the addition of lawsone in the proper amount into chitosan/PEO nanofibers not only introduced an antithetical property but also reduced the platform’s cytotoxicity,promoting cell viability of normal human fibroblast cells.Accordingly,the achieved data suggest the potential application of biocompatible nanofibrous mats as an antibacterial wound dressing material.展开更多
A one-pot synthesis method was conceptualized and implemented to develop green carbon-based nanocomposites working as biosensors.Porphyrin was synthesized to adorn the surface of nanocomposites making them highly sens...A one-pot synthesis method was conceptualized and implemented to develop green carbon-based nanocomposites working as biosensors.Porphyrin was synthesized to adorn the surface of nanocomposites making them highly sensitive for giving rise to π-π interactions between the genetic materials,proteins and porphyrin rings.The hydrogen bond formed between the proteins(analytes)and the nitrogen in the porphyrin structure as well as the surface hydroxyl groups was equally probable.In this context,different forms of porphyrins were incorporated to explore the interrelationship between the surface morphology and the ability of detection of genetic material and/or proteins by the aid of the synthesized structures.This phenomenon was conceptualized to optimize the interactions between the biomolecules and the substrate by reaching significant biosensor application in the presence of Anti-cas9 protein and sgRNA(concentration changed between 10 and 500 n mol/L).Almost full quenching of fluorescence emission was observed after addition of 300 n mol/L of Anti-cas9 protein and 250 n mol/L of sgRNA.Surprisingly,CoNi_(2)S_(4)provided 12%-29%cytotoxicity in both HEK-293 and PC12 cell lines.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (No.2022M3J7A1062940,2021R1A5A6002853,and 2021R1A2C3011585)supported by the Technology Innovation Program (20015577)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy (MOTIE,Korea)。
文摘This review explores glucose monitoring and management strategies,emphasizing the need for reliable and userfriendly wearable sensors that are the next generation of sensors for continuous glucose detection.In addition,examines key strategies for designing glucose sensors that are multi-functional,reliable,and cost-effective in a variety of contexts.The unique features of effective diabetes management technology are highlighted,with a focus on using nano/biosensor devices that can quickly and accurately detect glucose levels in the blood,improving patient treatment and control of potential diabetes-related infections.The potential of next-generation wearable and touch-sensitive nano biomedical sensor engineering designs for providing full control in assessing implantable,continuous glucose monitoring is also explored.The challenges of standardizing drug or insulin delivery doses,low-cost,real-time detection of increased blood sugar levels in diabetics,and early digital health awareness controls for the adverse effects of injectable medication are identified as unmet needs.Also,the market for biosensors is expected to expand significantly due to the rising need for portable diagnostic equipment and an ever-increasing diabetic population.The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and development of glucose biosensors to meet the stringent requirements for sensitivity and specificity imposed by clinical diagnostics while being cost-effective,stable,and durable.
文摘Today,self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications.Different studies have focused on designing novel self-healing graphene-and MXenebased composites with enhanced sensitivity,stretchability,and flexibility as well as improved electrical conductivity,healing efficacy,mechanical properties,and energy conversion efficacy.These composites with self-healing properties can be employed in the field of wearable sensors,supercapacitors,anticorrosive coatings,electromagnetic interference shielding,electronic-skin,soft robotics,etc.However,it appears that more explorations are still needed to achieve composites with excellent arbitrary shape adaptability,suitable adhesiveness,ideal durability,high stretchability,immediate self-healing responsibility,and outstanding electromagnetic features.Besides,optimizing reaction/synthesis conditions and finding suitable strategies for functionalization/modification are crucial aspects that should be comprehensively investigated.MXenes and graphene exhibited superior electrochemical properties with abundant surface terminations and great surface area,which are important to evolve biomedical and sensing applications.However,flexibility and stretchability are important criteria that need to be improved for their future applications.Herein,the most recent advancements pertaining to the applications and properties of self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites are deliberated,focusing on crucial challenges and future perspectives.
文摘Efficient strategies to promote microvascularization in vascular tissue engineering,a central priority in regenerative medicine,are still scarce;nano-and micro-sized aggregates and spheres or beads harboring primitive microvascular beds are promising methods in vascular tissue engineering.Capillaries are the smallest type and in numerous blood vessels,which are distributed densely in cardiovascular system.To mimic this microvascular network,specific cell components and proangiogenic factors are required.Herein,advanced biofabrication methods in microvascular engineering,including extrusion-based and droplet-based bioprinting,Kenzan,and biogripper approaches,are deliberated with emphasis on the newest works in prevascular nano-and micro-sized aggregates and microspheres/microbeads.
基金supported by the Fundacao para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (SFRH/BD/148771/2019,2021.05914.BD, PTDC/BTM-MAT/4738/2020)the European Research CouncilDERC Starting Grant (848325).
文摘A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes,such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes.This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials with improved interfacial properties,superior cell targeting,immune evasion potential,and prolonged duration of systemic circulation.Here,we summarize recent advances in the production and application of exosomal membrane-coated nanomaterials.The structure,properties,and manner in which exosomes communicate with cells are first reviewed.This is followed by a discussion of the types of exosomes and their fabrication methods.We then discuss the applications of biomimetic exosomes and membrane-cloaked nanocarriers in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,imaging,and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Finally,we appraise the current challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomimetic exosomal membrane-surface-engineered nanovehicles and evaluate the future of this technology.
文摘Fungi and bacteria afflict humans with innumerous pathogen-related infections and ailments.Most of the commonly employed microbicidal agents target commensal and pathogenic microorganisms without discrimination.To distinguish and fight the pathogenic species out of the microflora,novel antimicrobials have been developed that selectively target specific bacteria and fungi.The cell wall features and antimicrobial mechanisms that these microorganisms involved in are highlighted in the present review.This is followed by reviewing the design of antimicrobials that selectively combat a specific community of microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as fungi.Finally,recent advances in the antimicrobial immunomodulation strategy that enables treating microorganism infections with high specificity are reviewed.These basic tenets will enable the avid reader to design novel approaches and compounds for antibacterial and antifungal applications.
文摘Transdermal drug delivery systems have overcome many limitations of other drug administration routes,such as injection pain and first-pass metabolism following oral route,although transdermal drug delivery systems are limited to drugs with low molecular weight.Hence,new emerging technology allowing high molecular weight drug delivery across the skin—known as‘microneedles’—has been developed,which creates microchannels that facilitate drug delivery.In this report,drug-loaded degradable conic microneedles are modeled to characterize the degradation rate and drug release profile.Since a lot of data are available for polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)degradation in the literature,PLGA of various molecular weights-as a biodegradable polymer in the polyester family-is used for modeling and verification of the drug delivery in themicroneedles.The main reaction occurring during polyester degradation is hydrolysis of steric bonds,leading to molecular weight reduction.The acid produced in the degradation has a catalytic effect on the reaction.Changes in water,acid and steric bond concentrations over time and for different radii of microneedles are investigated.To solve the partial and ordinary differential equations simultaneously,finite difference and Runge–Kutta methods are employed,respectively,with the aid of MATLAB.Correlation of the polymer degradation rate with its molecular weight and molecular weight changes versus time are illustrated.Also,drug diffusivity is related to matrix molecular weight.The molecular weight reduction and accumulative drug release within the system are predicted.In order to validate and assess the proposed model,data series of the hydrolytic degradation of aspirin(180.16 Da)-and albumin(66,000 Da)-loaded PLGA(1:1 molar ratio)are used for comparison.The proposed model is in good agreement with experimental data from the literature.Considering diffusion as themain phenomena and autocatalytic effects in the reaction,the drug release profile is predicted.Based on our results for a microneedle containing drug,we are able to estimate drug release rates before fabrication.
文摘The field of photocatalysis has witnessed a significant advancement in the development of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts for various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,cancer therapy,and bioimaging.Nature has evolved efficient light-harvesting systems and energy conversion mechanisms,which serve as a benchmark for researchers.However,reproducing such complexity and harnessing it for biomedical applications is a daunting task.It requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological processes and the ability to replicate them synthetically.By utilizing light energy,these photocatalysts can trigger specific chemical reactions,leading to targeted drug release,enhanced tissue regeneration,and precise imaging of biological structures.In this context,addressing the stability,long-term performance,scalability,and costeffectiveness of these materials is crucial for their widespread implementation in biomedical applications.While challenges such as complexity and stability persist,their advantages such as targeted drug delivery and personalized medicine make them a fascinating area of research.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of existing research,highlighting the advancements,current challenges,advantages,limitations,and future prospects of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts in biomedicine.
文摘Application of“bioactive materials”,as a modified version of biomaterials,can optimize the response of the biological system due to their surface reactivity and formation of strong interactions with the adjacent tissue upon implantation.However,choosing an appropriate bioactive material that suits to the application and provides the desired mechanical,physical,chemical and biological functionality,as well as understanding the aspects of biological reaction to the biomaterial,in particular immune response,it plays a key role in successful integration of the implant.In this review,we will discuss different bioactive materials including bioactive ceramics,polymers and composites and their applications in drug delivery and scaffold preparation in order to provide an adequate introduction to the recent studies.Considering the necessity of regulation of implant fate for higher biocompatibility,the comprehensive overview to the immune response will be reviewed with the focus on representing the cell-biomaterial interactions and more importantly,the inflammatory responses.Ultimately,we will also discuss about different approaches namely as immunomodulation to elicit the desired physiochemical properties and mimicking native cellular response using bioactive compounds,functionalizing the implant surface with active molecules and alteration of the surface morphology.With better understanding of bioactive materials and their interactions with body,more novel biomaterials representing desired properties can be designed.
基金supported by the Research and Technology Deputy of the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences(Grant number 9902231097).
文摘Biodegradable and absorptive wound dresses with antibacterial activity are in demand to accelerate wound heal-ing along with eliminating bacterial infection.Plant-derived naphthoquinones compounds such as lawsone have shown sustained antibacterial functions to avoid development of bacterial resistance by reducing pH or attaching to bacterial proteins.Here the nanofibrous mats based on chitosan/polyethylene oxide(PEO)fibers containing various concentrations of lawsone(0,1,3,7,10%wt.)were fabricated by electrospinning for potential applications as wound dressing materials.The results exhibited that the chitosan/PEO/Lawsone nanofibers possess antibacterial activity toward Gram-negative and-positive bacteria.Surprisingly,the addition of lawsone in the proper amount into chitosan/PEO nanofibers not only introduced an antithetical property but also reduced the platform’s cytotoxicity,promoting cell viability of normal human fibroblast cells.Accordingly,the achieved data suggest the potential application of biocompatible nanofibrous mats as an antibacterial wound dressing material.
文摘A one-pot synthesis method was conceptualized and implemented to develop green carbon-based nanocomposites working as biosensors.Porphyrin was synthesized to adorn the surface of nanocomposites making them highly sensitive for giving rise to π-π interactions between the genetic materials,proteins and porphyrin rings.The hydrogen bond formed between the proteins(analytes)and the nitrogen in the porphyrin structure as well as the surface hydroxyl groups was equally probable.In this context,different forms of porphyrins were incorporated to explore the interrelationship between the surface morphology and the ability of detection of genetic material and/or proteins by the aid of the synthesized structures.This phenomenon was conceptualized to optimize the interactions between the biomolecules and the substrate by reaching significant biosensor application in the presence of Anti-cas9 protein and sgRNA(concentration changed between 10 and 500 n mol/L).Almost full quenching of fluorescence emission was observed after addition of 300 n mol/L of Anti-cas9 protein and 250 n mol/L of sgRNA.Surprisingly,CoNi_(2)S_(4)provided 12%-29%cytotoxicity in both HEK-293 and PC12 cell lines.
