<div style="text-align:justify;"> Size-segregated of particulate matter (PM) including PM<sub>0.1</sub> at two different sites, i.e., educational (EA) and residential (RA) areas in Padang c...<div style="text-align:justify;"> Size-segregated of particulate matter (PM) including PM<sub>0.1</sub> at two different sites, i.e., educational (EA) and residential (RA) areas in Padang city, Indonesia were sampled by using a cascade type air sampler for 24 hours with the average flowrate 40 l/m throughout three weeks (March, 08<sup>th</sup>-25<sup>th</sup> 2018). Carbonaceous components were analyses by a carbon analyzer following the IMPROVE_TOR protocol. Average PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations in RA were higher than those in EA while being below the NAAQS of Indonesia. However, it was much higher compared to the WHO limit for 24 hours in RA. OC was the dominant fraction in TC. OC/EC ratio ranging from 2.4 to 33.0 was similar at both sites, suggesting the OC was emitted from various sources. Char-EC and soot-EC ratio were founded to be minimized for PM<sub>0.1</sub> (0.40 ± 0.27 and 0.39 ± 0.39, respectively at each site), indicating a more influence of burning of fossil fuel as vehicles exhaust and coal combustion. The transboundary influence of open biomass burning was not so significant although it cannot be ignored. </div>展开更多
Cotton plant observes significant reduction in seed cotton yield when subjected to water stress.To find out genotypes having better drought tolerance,seven genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum L.were tested under two moist...Cotton plant observes significant reduction in seed cotton yield when subjected to water stress.To find out genotypes having better drought tolerance,seven genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum L.were tested under two moisture levels,i.e.,normal and water deficit stress conditions at five locations of Punjab,Pakistan(Faisalabad,Sahiwal,Vehari,Rahim Yar Khan,and Bahawalpur)in 2013 and 2014.Genotype×environment interaction(GEI)was studied using the genotype main effects and genotype by environment interaction(GGE)biplot and additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis.The genotypes G3(7001/11)and G6(FH-942)were stable under normal condition,while under drought condition,the stable genotype was G5(FH-326)when analysed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)biplot scheme.While GGE biplot analysis on the basis of best performance revealed that under normal condition the genotypes,G1(L-13/10)and G2(FH-2056/10),carrying the common position in biplot.Whereas,under water deficit stress condition,G5 was the best adaptive genotype at all five locations.In the same way,ranking of genotypes showed that the G5 was the ideal genotype under both conditions.So,it is concluded that the genotype G5(FH-326)was found best for water deficit stress condition and can be cultivated under water scarce areas of Punjab.展开更多
A triplicate field experiment laid out in randomized complete block design was conducted to evaluate different humic acid (HA) application methods at Agricultural Research Farm, of KPK Agricultural University, Peshawa...A triplicate field experiment laid out in randomized complete block design was conducted to evaluate different humic acid (HA) application methods at Agricultural Research Farm, of KPK Agricultural University, Peshawar. Three methods of HA application: seed priming, foliar spray and soil application were included in the experiment. Humic acid application methods significantly affected pods plant-1, grains pod-1, 1000 grain weights, and grain yield whereas biological yield was not significantly affected by HA application methods. Humic acid application at the rate of 3 kg·ha-1 resulted in higher number of pods plant-1, thousand grain weights and grain yield, however it was statistically similar to the treatments where HA was soil applied at rate of 1 and 2 kg·ha-1, seed priming with 0% (water soaked), 1%, 2% HA solution and foliar spray with 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1% of HA solution. It is concluded that HA application in all the three methods significantly enhances grain yield and yield components of mungbean.展开更多
This paper is based on the results of an ethnomedicinal research work conducted in the semi-tribal mountainous area lying between District Mianwali (PunjabProvince) and District Karak (KhyberPakhtunkhwaProvince),Pakis...This paper is based on the results of an ethnomedicinal research work conducted in the semi-tribal mountainous area lying between District Mianwali (PunjabProvince) and District Karak (KhyberPakhtunkhwaProvince),Pakistanduring June 2009-July 2011. During field survey, questionnaires were used to interview the local inhabitants of the area. The ethnomedicinal data consists of 131 plant species (2 Pteridophytes, 7 Monocots, 122 Dicots) belonging to 48 families (2 Pteridophytes, 4 Monocots, 42 Dicots). The most commonly represented families were Amaranthaceae (9 spp.), Mimosaceae (8 spp.), Asteraceae and Papilionaceae (7 spp.) each;Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Scrophulariaceae (6 spp.) each, followed by Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae and Polygonaceae (5 spp.) each. Plant specimens were identified, preserved and vouchers were deposited in the Plant Taxonomy Lab. of Department of Biological Sciences,University of Sargodha,Pakistanfor future reference. The data collected through interviews with the local people indicates that these species are mostly used in respiratory tract infections (RTI), urinary tract infections (UTI), digestive disorders, sexual problems, skin diseases, liver ailments, wound healing, blood vomiting, malaria, piles, epilepsy, jaundice, gummosis, round worms, hepatitis etc. in the area. Due to lack of scientific approach regarding harvesting and utilization of this valuable medicinal flora, many plants are quickly going towards extinction;therefore, further work is needed to create awareness in the community conservation of the precious medicinal plants.展开更多
This work is concerned with the application of a redefined set of extended uniform cubic B-spline(RECBS)functions for the numerical treatment of time-fractional Telegraph equation.The presented technique engages finit...This work is concerned with the application of a redefined set of extended uniform cubic B-spline(RECBS)functions for the numerical treatment of time-fractional Telegraph equation.The presented technique engages finite difference formulation for discretizing the Caputo time-fractional derivatives and RECBS functions to interpolate the solution curve along the spatial grid.Stability analysis of the scheme is provided to ensure that the errors do not amplify during the execution of the numerical procedure.The derivation of uniform convergence has also been presented.Some computational experiments are executed to verify the theoretical considerations.Numerical results are compared with the existing schemes and it is concluded that the present scheme returns superior outcomes on the topic.展开更多
Cancer is a disease that is rapidly expanding in prevalence all over the world.Cancer cells canmetastasize,or spread,across the body and impact several different cell types.Additionally,the incidence rates of several ...Cancer is a disease that is rapidly expanding in prevalence all over the world.Cancer cells canmetastasize,or spread,across the body and impact several different cell types.Additionally,the incidence rates of several subtypes of cancer have been on the rise in India.The countermeasures for the cancer disease can be taken by determining the specific expansion rate of each type.To rank the various forms of cancer’s rate of progression,we used some of the available data.Numerous studies are available in the literature which show the growth rate of cancer by different techniques.The accuracy of the scheme in determining the highest growth rate may vary due to the variation in the dependent factors.Within the context of this research,the Fuzzy triangular technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS),is utilized to rank the various categorizations of cancer with the help of four groups of medical professionals acting in the capacity of decision-makers.The number of decision-makers may variate according to the required accuracy of results.The findings of the three-dimensional Fuzzy TOPSIS analysis categorize each variety of cancer according to the rate at which it spreads over time.Numerical results along with visual representation are presented to examine the efficiency of our proposed work.展开更多
This study reports on an investigation of fine and coarse carbonaceous particulate matters(PM)in Tachileik,eastern Myanmar,during the dry and wet seasons of 2022.The carbon compositions,including organic carbon(OC)and...This study reports on an investigation of fine and coarse carbonaceous particulate matters(PM)in Tachileik,eastern Myanmar,during the dry and wet seasons of 2022.The carbon compositions,including organic carbon(OC)and elemental carbon(EC),in each size(PM10-2.5,PM2.5-1.0,and PM1.0-0.5)were determined by a carbon analyzer.The average total mass concentration of the three fractions of particle samples during the dry season was higher(51.23±23.86μg/m3)than that of the wet season(14.00±5.26μg/m3).The results indicate that OC and EC levels were highest for PM1.0-0.5 during the dry season and the sizes were similar for both seasons.The OC/EC ratios varied in different seasons,from 1.93 to 4.40 and 4.13 to 5.25 in the dry and wet seasons,respectively.EC was sub-divided into char-EC and soot-EC;the char-EC/soot-EC in the dry season was higher than in the wet season,signifying that biomass burning is the main particle source during the dry season.However,vehicle emissions dominated during the wet season.The effective carbon ratio(ECR)suggested that finer particles contributed more to global warming.This information is important in terms of air quality control and mitigation in Myanmar and elsewhere.展开更多
Objective:To study constituents of the leaves of Macaranga hemsleyana,and evaluate their inhibitory effects against NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation,and antip...Objective:To study constituents of the leaves of Macaranga hemsleyana,and evaluate their inhibitory effects against NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation,and antiproliferative activity.Methods:The constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on MCI gel CHP20P/P120,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and HPLC.The structures of compounds were determined by 1D,2D NMR,and HR-ESI-MS data.The inhibitory effect of compounds on inflammasome activation was determined by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)procedure.The antiproliferative activity was evaluated using MTT assay.Results:The study led to the isolation of 23 compounds,including one new compound,identified as(2Z)-3-[4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2′-hydroxy-5′-methoxyphenyl]-2-propenoic acid(1),together with 22 known compounds recognized as 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-pyridinecarbonitrile(2),methyl 4-methoxynicotinate(3),4-methoxynicotinonitrile(4),1-(3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethanone(5),neoisoastilbin(6),isoastilbin(7),aromadendrin(8),neoastilbin(9),astilbin(10),quercitrin(11),neoschaftoside(12),apigenin 6,8-bis-C-α-L-arabinoside(13),vitexin(14),bergenin(15),scopoletin(16),glucopyranoside salicyl(17),koaburside(18),benzylβ-D-glucoside(19),icariside B5(20),roseoside(21),loliolide(22),and adenosine(23).The tested compounds did not show LDH inhibition nor antiproliferative activity.Conclusion:Compound 1 was a new glycoside.Compounds 2 and 3 were obtained for the first time from natural source.The 22 known compounds constituted of alkaloids(2–4,23),phenolics(5,15,17,18),flavonoids(6–14),coumarin(16),benzyl glycoside(19),and norsesquiterpenes(20–22).All the compounds,1–23,were revealed from M.hemsleyana for the first time.This is the initial uncovering of molecules 1–10,12,13,17–19,and 23 from the genus Macaranga.The isolated compounds,11,14–16,and 20–22 established taxonomic classification of M.hemsleyana in Euphorbiaceae family.Flavonoids were outstanding as chemosystematic markers of Macaranga genus.展开更多
The aging (biological deterioration) is a major problem of composite insulators now-a-days. The main thing in aging is to predict how, when and with what speed it occurs and under what conditions it can lead to failur...The aging (biological deterioration) is a major problem of composite insulators now-a-days. The main thing in aging is to predict how, when and with what speed it occurs and under what conditions it can lead to failure and what overall average expected life of a composite insulator is. For this a lot of researches have been done. This review summarizes the methods of artificial field testing (aging), natural testing, standards the developed for aging, techniques of analysis, results achieved until now about various parameters from various locations, handling guidelines and a conclusion on what is further needed.展开更多
This study investigates the weatherability of room temperature vulcanized(RTV)silicone rubber(SiR)and epoxybased material specimens with a composition of different nano and micro fillers against the collegial effects ...This study investigates the weatherability of room temperature vulcanized(RTV)silicone rubber(SiR)and epoxybased material specimens with a composition of different nano and micro fillers against the collegial effects of high voltage DC,UV and temperature stresses.Bulk power transmission over long distances via HVDC is considered an economic option these days,so to ensure the system reliability,it is also critical to investigate these insulators under DC stress along with other environmental stresses(especially UV and temperature).For experimentation,composite samples i.e.neat epoxy(NE),epoxy with 15%micro SiO_(2)(EMS),epoxy with 5%nano SiO_(2)(ENS),neat SiR(NS),SiR with 15%micro SiO_(2)(SMS)and SiR with 5%nano SiO_(2)(SNS)are fabricated and subjected to accelerated aging in a weather chamber for 3,360 hours.Results reveal that SMS and SNS offer better hydrophobic behavior followed by EMS.However noticeable surface discoloration in the form of whitish shade with minor blackish spots is found in the case of SMS,while remaining samples also showed considerable color fading.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)results showed that SNS and SMS presented quite excellent resistance to the exposure of fillers.Hardness and weight of all specimens are evaluated throughout the experiment and particularly for the water immersion test.Moreover,leakage current analysis indicated that SNS and SMS revealed high leakage current suppression compare to other samples.Findings indicate that SNS and SMS showed enhanced resistance against UV weathering under high voltage direct current stress.展开更多
Anomaly detection in Hyperspectral Imagery(HSI)has received considerable attention because of its potential application in several areas.Numerous anomaly detection algorithms for HSI have been proposed in the literatu...Anomaly detection in Hyperspectral Imagery(HSI)has received considerable attention because of its potential application in several areas.Numerous anomaly detection algorithms for HSI have been proposed in the literature;however,due to the use of different datasets in previous studies,an extensive performance comparison of these algorithms is missing.In this paper,an overview of the current state of research in hyperspectral anomaly detection is presented by broadly dividing all the previously proposed algorithms into eight different categories.In addition,this paper presents the most comprehensive comparative analysis to-date in hyperspectral anomaly detection by evaluating 22 algorithms on 17 different publicly available datasets.Results indicate that attribute and edge-preserving filtering-based detection(AED),local summation anomaly detection based on collaborative representation and inverse distance weight(LSAD-CR-IDW)and local summation unsupervised nearest regularized subspace with an outlier removal anomaly detector(LSUNRSORAD)perform better as indicated by the mean and median values of area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Finally,this paper studies the effect of various dimensionality reduction techniques on anomaly detection.Results indicate that reducing the number of components to around 20 improves the performance;however,any further decrease deteriorates the performance.展开更多
Chemically modified pullulan was evaluated for its sorption efficiency and selectivity to remove cadmium（Cd） from spiked high-hardness groundwater（GW）. Pullulan esterified with succinic anhydride using dimethylami...Chemically modified pullulan was evaluated for its sorption efficiency and selectivity to remove cadmium（Cd） from spiked high-hardness groundwater（GW）. Pullulan esterified with succinic anhydride using dimethylaminopyridine showed a fairly high degree of substitution value as confirmed by1 H NMR spectroscopy. Pullulan succinate（Pull-Suc） was converted into the sodium salt（Pull-Suc-Na）. The effect of contact time（5–200 min） and p H（2–8） on Cd-uptake by the sorbent（Pull-Suc-Na） was investigated. The sorbent showed more than 90% Cd-removal in first 15 min from distilled water（DW） and GW solution,respectively. Comparison of Pull-Suc-Na with other polysaccharidal sorbents suggested its high efficiency（DW 476.2 mg/g and GW 454.5 mg/g） and selectivity for the removal of Cd by an ion exchange mechanism, which is further supported by the negative Gibbs free energy values calculated from Langmuir isotherms. A Langmuir isotherm kinetic model provided the best fit for the sorption of Cd using Pull-Suc-Na. The sorbent showed a negligible decrease in Cd-uptake over three regeneration cycles. The thermal stability testing of the sorbents indicated that Pull-Suc-Na（sorbent） is more stable than Pull-Suc.展开更多
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> Size-segregated of particulate matter (PM) including PM<sub>0.1</sub> at two different sites, i.e., educational (EA) and residential (RA) areas in Padang city, Indonesia were sampled by using a cascade type air sampler for 24 hours with the average flowrate 40 l/m throughout three weeks (March, 08<sup>th</sup>-25<sup>th</sup> 2018). Carbonaceous components were analyses by a carbon analyzer following the IMPROVE_TOR protocol. Average PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations in RA were higher than those in EA while being below the NAAQS of Indonesia. However, it was much higher compared to the WHO limit for 24 hours in RA. OC was the dominant fraction in TC. OC/EC ratio ranging from 2.4 to 33.0 was similar at both sites, suggesting the OC was emitted from various sources. Char-EC and soot-EC ratio were founded to be minimized for PM<sub>0.1</sub> (0.40 ± 0.27 and 0.39 ± 0.39, respectively at each site), indicating a more influence of burning of fossil fuel as vehicles exhaust and coal combustion. The transboundary influence of open biomass burning was not so significant although it cannot be ignored. </div>
文摘Cotton plant observes significant reduction in seed cotton yield when subjected to water stress.To find out genotypes having better drought tolerance,seven genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum L.were tested under two moisture levels,i.e.,normal and water deficit stress conditions at five locations of Punjab,Pakistan(Faisalabad,Sahiwal,Vehari,Rahim Yar Khan,and Bahawalpur)in 2013 and 2014.Genotype×environment interaction(GEI)was studied using the genotype main effects and genotype by environment interaction(GGE)biplot and additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis.The genotypes G3(7001/11)and G6(FH-942)were stable under normal condition,while under drought condition,the stable genotype was G5(FH-326)when analysed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)biplot scheme.While GGE biplot analysis on the basis of best performance revealed that under normal condition the genotypes,G1(L-13/10)and G2(FH-2056/10),carrying the common position in biplot.Whereas,under water deficit stress condition,G5 was the best adaptive genotype at all five locations.In the same way,ranking of genotypes showed that the G5 was the ideal genotype under both conditions.So,it is concluded that the genotype G5(FH-326)was found best for water deficit stress condition and can be cultivated under water scarce areas of Punjab.
文摘A triplicate field experiment laid out in randomized complete block design was conducted to evaluate different humic acid (HA) application methods at Agricultural Research Farm, of KPK Agricultural University, Peshawar. Three methods of HA application: seed priming, foliar spray and soil application were included in the experiment. Humic acid application methods significantly affected pods plant-1, grains pod-1, 1000 grain weights, and grain yield whereas biological yield was not significantly affected by HA application methods. Humic acid application at the rate of 3 kg·ha-1 resulted in higher number of pods plant-1, thousand grain weights and grain yield, however it was statistically similar to the treatments where HA was soil applied at rate of 1 and 2 kg·ha-1, seed priming with 0% (water soaked), 1%, 2% HA solution and foliar spray with 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1% of HA solution. It is concluded that HA application in all the three methods significantly enhances grain yield and yield components of mungbean.
文摘This paper is based on the results of an ethnomedicinal research work conducted in the semi-tribal mountainous area lying between District Mianwali (PunjabProvince) and District Karak (KhyberPakhtunkhwaProvince),Pakistanduring June 2009-July 2011. During field survey, questionnaires were used to interview the local inhabitants of the area. The ethnomedicinal data consists of 131 plant species (2 Pteridophytes, 7 Monocots, 122 Dicots) belonging to 48 families (2 Pteridophytes, 4 Monocots, 42 Dicots). The most commonly represented families were Amaranthaceae (9 spp.), Mimosaceae (8 spp.), Asteraceae and Papilionaceae (7 spp.) each;Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Scrophulariaceae (6 spp.) each, followed by Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae and Polygonaceae (5 spp.) each. Plant specimens were identified, preserved and vouchers were deposited in the Plant Taxonomy Lab. of Department of Biological Sciences,University of Sargodha,Pakistanfor future reference. The data collected through interviews with the local people indicates that these species are mostly used in respiratory tract infections (RTI), urinary tract infections (UTI), digestive disorders, sexual problems, skin diseases, liver ailments, wound healing, blood vomiting, malaria, piles, epilepsy, jaundice, gummosis, round worms, hepatitis etc. in the area. Due to lack of scientific approach regarding harvesting and utilization of this valuable medicinal flora, many plants are quickly going towards extinction;therefore, further work is needed to create awareness in the community conservation of the precious medicinal plants.
文摘This work is concerned with the application of a redefined set of extended uniform cubic B-spline(RECBS)functions for the numerical treatment of time-fractional Telegraph equation.The presented technique engages finite difference formulation for discretizing the Caputo time-fractional derivatives and RECBS functions to interpolate the solution curve along the spatial grid.Stability analysis of the scheme is provided to ensure that the errors do not amplify during the execution of the numerical procedure.The derivation of uniform convergence has also been presented.Some computational experiments are executed to verify the theoretical considerations.Numerical results are compared with the existing schemes and it is concluded that the present scheme returns superior outcomes on the topic.
文摘Cancer is a disease that is rapidly expanding in prevalence all over the world.Cancer cells canmetastasize,or spread,across the body and impact several different cell types.Additionally,the incidence rates of several subtypes of cancer have been on the rise in India.The countermeasures for the cancer disease can be taken by determining the specific expansion rate of each type.To rank the various forms of cancer’s rate of progression,we used some of the available data.Numerous studies are available in the literature which show the growth rate of cancer by different techniques.The accuracy of the scheme in determining the highest growth rate may vary due to the variation in the dependent factors.Within the context of this research,the Fuzzy triangular technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS),is utilized to rank the various categorizations of cancer with the help of four groups of medical professionals acting in the capacity of decision-makers.The number of decision-makers may variate according to the required accuracy of results.The findings of the three-dimensional Fuzzy TOPSIS analysis categorize each variety of cancer according to the rate at which it spreads over time.Numerical results along with visual representation are presented to examine the efficiency of our proposed work.
文摘This study reports on an investigation of fine and coarse carbonaceous particulate matters(PM)in Tachileik,eastern Myanmar,during the dry and wet seasons of 2022.The carbon compositions,including organic carbon(OC)and elemental carbon(EC),in each size(PM10-2.5,PM2.5-1.0,and PM1.0-0.5)were determined by a carbon analyzer.The average total mass concentration of the three fractions of particle samples during the dry season was higher(51.23±23.86μg/m3)than that of the wet season(14.00±5.26μg/m3).The results indicate that OC and EC levels were highest for PM1.0-0.5 during the dry season and the sizes were similar for both seasons.The OC/EC ratios varied in different seasons,from 1.93 to 4.40 and 4.13 to 5.25 in the dry and wet seasons,respectively.EC was sub-divided into char-EC and soot-EC;the char-EC/soot-EC in the dry season was higher than in the wet season,signifying that biomass burning is the main particle source during the dry season.However,vehicle emissions dominated during the wet season.The effective carbon ratio(ECR)suggested that finer particles contributed more to global warming.This information is important in terms of air quality control and mitigation in Myanmar and elsewhere.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81860615,82260682)Project of Yunnan Characteristic Plant Screening and R&D Service CXO Platform(No.2022YKZY001).
文摘Objective:To study constituents of the leaves of Macaranga hemsleyana,and evaluate their inhibitory effects against NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation,and antiproliferative activity.Methods:The constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on MCI gel CHP20P/P120,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and HPLC.The structures of compounds were determined by 1D,2D NMR,and HR-ESI-MS data.The inhibitory effect of compounds on inflammasome activation was determined by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)procedure.The antiproliferative activity was evaluated using MTT assay.Results:The study led to the isolation of 23 compounds,including one new compound,identified as(2Z)-3-[4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2′-hydroxy-5′-methoxyphenyl]-2-propenoic acid(1),together with 22 known compounds recognized as 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-pyridinecarbonitrile(2),methyl 4-methoxynicotinate(3),4-methoxynicotinonitrile(4),1-(3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethanone(5),neoisoastilbin(6),isoastilbin(7),aromadendrin(8),neoastilbin(9),astilbin(10),quercitrin(11),neoschaftoside(12),apigenin 6,8-bis-C-α-L-arabinoside(13),vitexin(14),bergenin(15),scopoletin(16),glucopyranoside salicyl(17),koaburside(18),benzylβ-D-glucoside(19),icariside B5(20),roseoside(21),loliolide(22),and adenosine(23).The tested compounds did not show LDH inhibition nor antiproliferative activity.Conclusion:Compound 1 was a new glycoside.Compounds 2 and 3 were obtained for the first time from natural source.The 22 known compounds constituted of alkaloids(2–4,23),phenolics(5,15,17,18),flavonoids(6–14),coumarin(16),benzyl glycoside(19),and norsesquiterpenes(20–22).All the compounds,1–23,were revealed from M.hemsleyana for the first time.This is the initial uncovering of molecules 1–10,12,13,17–19,and 23 from the genus Macaranga.The isolated compounds,11,14–16,and 20–22 established taxonomic classification of M.hemsleyana in Euphorbiaceae family.Flavonoids were outstanding as chemosystematic markers of Macaranga genus.
文摘The aging (biological deterioration) is a major problem of composite insulators now-a-days. The main thing in aging is to predict how, when and with what speed it occurs and under what conditions it can lead to failure and what overall average expected life of a composite insulator is. For this a lot of researches have been done. This review summarizes the methods of artificial field testing (aging), natural testing, standards the developed for aging, techniques of analysis, results achieved until now about various parameters from various locations, handling guidelines and a conclusion on what is further needed.
文摘This study investigates the weatherability of room temperature vulcanized(RTV)silicone rubber(SiR)and epoxybased material specimens with a composition of different nano and micro fillers against the collegial effects of high voltage DC,UV and temperature stresses.Bulk power transmission over long distances via HVDC is considered an economic option these days,so to ensure the system reliability,it is also critical to investigate these insulators under DC stress along with other environmental stresses(especially UV and temperature).For experimentation,composite samples i.e.neat epoxy(NE),epoxy with 15%micro SiO_(2)(EMS),epoxy with 5%nano SiO_(2)(ENS),neat SiR(NS),SiR with 15%micro SiO_(2)(SMS)and SiR with 5%nano SiO_(2)(SNS)are fabricated and subjected to accelerated aging in a weather chamber for 3,360 hours.Results reveal that SMS and SNS offer better hydrophobic behavior followed by EMS.However noticeable surface discoloration in the form of whitish shade with minor blackish spots is found in the case of SMS,while remaining samples also showed considerable color fading.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)results showed that SNS and SMS presented quite excellent resistance to the exposure of fillers.Hardness and weight of all specimens are evaluated throughout the experiment and particularly for the water immersion test.Moreover,leakage current analysis indicated that SNS and SMS revealed high leakage current suppression compare to other samples.Findings indicate that SNS and SMS showed enhanced resistance against UV weathering under high voltage direct current stress.
基金supported by Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission[grant number NSP-654-20].
文摘Anomaly detection in Hyperspectral Imagery(HSI)has received considerable attention because of its potential application in several areas.Numerous anomaly detection algorithms for HSI have been proposed in the literature;however,due to the use of different datasets in previous studies,an extensive performance comparison of these algorithms is missing.In this paper,an overview of the current state of research in hyperspectral anomaly detection is presented by broadly dividing all the previously proposed algorithms into eight different categories.In addition,this paper presents the most comprehensive comparative analysis to-date in hyperspectral anomaly detection by evaluating 22 algorithms on 17 different publicly available datasets.Results indicate that attribute and edge-preserving filtering-based detection(AED),local summation anomaly detection based on collaborative representation and inverse distance weight(LSAD-CR-IDW)and local summation unsupervised nearest regularized subspace with an outlier removal anomaly detector(LSUNRSORAD)perform better as indicated by the mean and median values of area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Finally,this paper studies the effect of various dimensionality reduction techniques on anomaly detection.Results indicate that reducing the number of components to around 20 improves the performance;however,any further decrease deteriorates the performance.
基金the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, for funding under the scheme "HEC Indigenous 5000 Fellowships" with grant number PIN 074-1392-Ps4-584
文摘Chemically modified pullulan was evaluated for its sorption efficiency and selectivity to remove cadmium（Cd） from spiked high-hardness groundwater（GW）. Pullulan esterified with succinic anhydride using dimethylaminopyridine showed a fairly high degree of substitution value as confirmed by1 H NMR spectroscopy. Pullulan succinate（Pull-Suc） was converted into the sodium salt（Pull-Suc-Na）. The effect of contact time（5–200 min） and p H（2–8） on Cd-uptake by the sorbent（Pull-Suc-Na） was investigated. The sorbent showed more than 90% Cd-removal in first 15 min from distilled water（DW） and GW solution,respectively. Comparison of Pull-Suc-Na with other polysaccharidal sorbents suggested its high efficiency（DW 476.2 mg/g and GW 454.5 mg/g） and selectivity for the removal of Cd by an ion exchange mechanism, which is further supported by the negative Gibbs free energy values calculated from Langmuir isotherms. A Langmuir isotherm kinetic model provided the best fit for the sorption of Cd using Pull-Suc-Na. The sorbent showed a negligible decrease in Cd-uptake over three regeneration cycles. The thermal stability testing of the sorbents indicated that Pull-Suc-Na（sorbent） is more stable than Pull-Suc.
